nginx 로그를 elasticsearch로 가져오는 방법

filebeat를 통해 nginx 로그를 수집하고 logstash로 전송한 후 elasticsearch에 기록됩니다. Filebeat는 수집 작업만 담당하는 반면, Logstash는 Elasticsearch에 로그를 작성한 후 로그 포맷팅, 데이터 교체, 분할, 인덱스 생성을 완료합니다.

1. nginx 로그 형식 구성

log_format main    '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local] $server_name $request ' 
            '$status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer ' 
            '"$http_user_agent" '
            '"$connection" '
            '"$http_cookie" '
            '$request_time '
            '$upstream_response_time';

2. filebeat 설치 및 구성, nginx 모듈 활성화

tar -zxvf filebeat-6.2.4-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -c /usr/local
cd /usr/local;ln -s filebeat-6.2.4-linux-x86_64 filebeat
cd /usr/local/filebeat

nginx 모듈 활성화

./filebeat modules enable nginx

모듈 보기

./filebeat modules list

구성 파일 만들기

vim /usr/local/filebeat/blog_module_logstash.yml
filebeat.modules:
- module: nginx
 access:
  enabled: true
  var.paths: ["/home/weblog/blog.cnfol.com_access.log"]
 #error:
 # enabled: true
 # var.paths: ["/home/weblogerr/blog.cnfol.com_error.log"]


output.logstash:
 hosts: ["192.168.15.91:5044"]

filebeat 시작

./filebeat -c blog_module_logstash.yml -e

3.logstash 구성

tar -zxvf logstash-6.2.4.tar.gz /usr/local
cd /usr/local;ln -s logstash-6.2.4 logstash
创建一个nginx日志的pipline文件
cd /usr/local/logstash

logstash 내장 템플릿 디렉터리

vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns

grok 패턴을 편집하고 여러 IP를 지원하는 일반 패턴 추가

forword (?:%{ipv4}[,]?[ ]?)+|%{word}

official grok

#

logstash 파이프라인 구성 파일 만들기

#input {
# stdin {}
#}
# 从filebeat接受数据
input {
 beats {
 port => 5044
 host => "0.0.0.0"
 }
}

filter {
 # 添加一个调试的开关
 mutate{add_field => {"[@metadata][debug]"=>true}}
 grok {
 # 过滤nginx日志
 #match => { "message" => "%{nginxaccess_test2}" }
 #match => { "message" => &#39;%{iporhost:clientip} # (?<http_x_forwarded_for>[^\#]*) # \[%{httpdate:[@metadata][webtime]}\] # %{notspace:hostname} # %{word:verb} %{uripathparam:request} http/%{number:httpversion} # %{number:response} # (?:%{number:bytes}|-) # (?:"(?:%{notspace:referrer}|-)"|%{notspace:referrer}|-) # (?:"(?<http_user_agent>[^#]*)") # (?:"(?:%{number:connection}|-)"|%{number:connection}|-) # (?:"(?<cookies>[^#]*)") # %{number:request_time:float} # (?:%{number:upstream_response_time:float}|-)&#39; }
 #match => { "message" => &#39;(?:%{iporhost:clientip}|-) (?:%{two_ip:http_x_forwarded_for}|%{ipv4:http_x_forwarded_for}|-) \[%{httpdate:[@metadata][webtime]}\] (?:%{hostname:hostname}|-) %{word:method} %{uripathparam:request} http/%{number:httpversion} %{number:response} (?:%{number:bytes}|-) (?:"(?:%{notspace:referrer}|-)"|%{notspace:referrer}|-) %{qs:agent} (?:"(?:%{number:connection}|-)"|%{number:connection}|-) (?:"(?<cookies>[^#]*)") %{number:request_time:float} (?:%{number:upstream_response_time:float}|-)&#39; }
    match => { "message" => &#39;(?:%{iporhost:clientip}|-) %{forword:http_x_forwarded_for} \[%{httpdate:[@metadata][webtime]}\] (?:%{hostname:hostname}|-) %{word:method} %{uripathparam:request} http/%{number:httpversion} %{number:response} (?:%{number:bytes}|-) (?:"(?:%{notspace:referrer}|-)"|%{notspace:referrer}|-) %{qs:agent} (?:"(?:%{number:connection}|-)"|%{number:connection}|-) %{qs:cookie} %{number:request_time:float} (?:%{number:upstream_response_time:float}|-)&#39; }
 }
 # 将默认的@timestamp(beats收集日志的时间)的值赋值给新字段@read_tiimestamp
 ruby { 
 #code => "event.set(&#39;@read_timestamp&#39;,event.get(&#39;@timestamp&#39;))"
 #将时区改为东8区
 code => "event.set(&#39;@read_timestamp&#39;,event.get(&#39;@timestamp&#39;).time.localtime + 8*60*60)"
 }
 # 将nginx的日志记录时间格式化
 # 格式化时间 20/may/2015:21:05:56 +0000
 date {
 locale => "en"
 match => ["[@metadata][webtime]","dd/mmm/yyyy:hh:mm:ss z"]
 }
 # 将bytes字段由字符串转换为数字
 mutate {
 convert => {"bytes" => "integer"}
 }
 # 将cookie字段解析成一个json
 #mutate {
 # gsub => ["cookies",&#39;\;&#39;,&#39;,&#39;]
 #} 
 # 如果有使用到cdn加速http_x_forwarded_for会有多个ip，第一个ip是用户真实ip
 if[http_x_forwarded_for] =~ ", "{
     ruby {
         code => &#39;event.set("http_x_forwarded_for", event.get("http_x_forwarded_for").split(",")[0])&#39;
        }
    }
 # 解析ip，获得ip的地理位置
 geoip {
 source => "http_x_forwarded_for"
 # # 只获取ip的经纬度、国家、城市、时区
 fields => ["location","country_name","city_name","region_name"] 
 }
 # 将agent字段解析,获得浏览器、系统版本等具体信息
 useragent {
 source => "agent"
 target => "useragent"
 }
 #指定要删除的数据
 #mutate{remove_field=>["message"]}
 # 根据日志名设置索引名的前缀
 ruby {
 code => &#39;event.set("@[metadata][index_pre]",event.get("source").split("/")[-1])&#39;
 } 
 # 将@timestamp 格式化为2019.04.23
 ruby {
 code => &#39;event.set("@[metadata][index_day]",event.get("@timestamp").time.localtime.strftime("%y.%m.%d"))&#39;
 }
 # 设置输出的默认索引名
 mutate {
 add_field => {
  #"[@metadata][index]" => "%{@[metadata][index_pre]}_%{+yyyy.mm.dd}"
  "[@metadata][index]" => "%{@[metadata][index_pre]}_%{@[metadata][index_day]}"
 }
 }
 # 将cookies字段解析成json
# mutate {
# gsub => [
#  "cookies", ";", ",",
#  "cookies", "=", ":"
# ]
# #split => {"cookies" => ","}
# }
# json_encode {
# source => "cookies"
# target => "cookies_json"
# }
# mutate {
# gsub => [
#  "cookies_json", &#39;,&#39;, &#39;","&#39;,
#  "cookies_json", &#39;:&#39;, &#39;":"&#39;
# ]
# }
# json {
# source => "cookies_json"
# target => "cookies2"
# }
 # 如果grok解析存在错误，将错误独立写入一个索引
 if "_grokparsefailure" in [tags] {
 #if "_dateparsefailure" in [tags] {
 mutate {
  replace => {
  #"[@metadata][index]" => "%{@[metadata][index_pre]}_failure_%{+yyyy.mm.dd}"
  "[@metadata][index]" => "%{@[metadata][index_pre]}_failure_%{@[metadata][index_day]}"
  }
 }
 # 如果不存在错误就删除message
 }else{
 mutate{remove_field=>["message"]}
 }
}

output {
 if [@metadata][debug]{
 # 输出到rubydebuyg并输出metadata
 stdout{codec => rubydebug{metadata => true}}
 }else{
 # 将输出内容转换成 "."
 stdout{codec => dots} 
 # 将输出到指定的es
 elasticsearch {
  hosts => ["192.168.15.160:9200"]
  index => "%{[@metadata][index]}"
  document_type => "doc"
 } 
 }
}

start 로그스태시

nohup bin/logstash -f test_pipline2.conf &

위 내용은 nginx 로그를 elasticsearch로 가져오는 방법의 상세 내용입니다. 자세한 내용은 PHP 중국어 웹사이트의 기타 관련 기사를 참조하세요!