python - 爬虫 页面不存在_百度搜索

Question

1.学写爬虫，遇到一个问题，加了values={"wd":"test","ie":"utf-8"}就报错了，也就是我向百度页面搜索里面输入test就报错，百度了一圈没找到答案，请教一下各位大神如何处理，如果可以的话能否说明这是为什么，以及怎么处理类似的情况，谢谢！

2.代码如下（版本2.7）：
（randHeader用来生成随机的Header，savef保存输出结果，logging.info用来调试，try处理可能的错误，其他部分就是爬虫的主体）

#coding:utf-8
import random
import urllib2
import urllib
import os
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)

def savef(html,tpath):
    #12输入输出目录不存在，就创建
    if not os.path.exists(tpath):
        os.makedirs(tpath)
    #12打开需要保存的文件（该命令下，如果文件不存在就创建新文件）
    with open(os.path.join(tpath,'2.html'),'w') as f:
        f.write(html)
    with open(os.path.join(tpath,'2.xml'),'w') as f:
        f.write(html)
    with open(os.path.join(tpath,'2.txt'),'w') as f:
        f.write(html)
        
def randHeader():
    
    head_connection = ['Keep-Alive','close']
    head_accept = ['text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*']
    head_accept_language = ['zh-CN,fr-FR;q=0.5','en-US,en;q=0.8,zh-Hans-CN;q=0.5,zh-Hans;q=0.3']
    head_user_agent = ['Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; rv:11.0) like Gecko)',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) Gecko/2008070208 Firefox/3.0.1',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070309 Firefox/2.0.0.3',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070803 Firefox/1.5.0.12',
                       'Opera/9.27 (Windows NT 5.2; U; zh-cn)',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en) Opera 8.0',
                       'Opera/8.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en)',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.12) Gecko/20080219 Firefox/2.0.0.12 Navigator/9.0.0.6',
                       'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/4.0)',
                       'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0)',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.0.6.2000 Chrome/26.0.1410.43 Safari/537.1 ',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.3.9825.400)',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0 ',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.92 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; BIDUBrowser 2.x)',
                       'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/3.0 Safari/536.11']
    
    
    header = {
        'Connection': head_connection[0],
        'Accept': head_accept[0],
        'Accept-Language': head_accept_language[1],
        'User-Agent': head_user_agent[random.randrange(0,len(head_user_agent))]
    }
    return header
"""
#输出随机Header
for i in range(10):
    print(randHeader())
"""
url1="http://www.baidu.com/"
kkk=url1.split("/")[2]
headers=randHeader()
logging.info("headers=%s" % headers)

values={"wd":"test","ie":"utf-8"}
data=urllib.urlencode(values)
request=urllib2.Request(url1,data,headers)
#HTTP错误处理
try:
    urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError,e:
    logging.info("e.code=%s" % e.code)
    logging.info("e.read()=" % e.read())
response=urllib2.urlopen(request)
html=response.read()

#根目录
cpath="I:\\"
#拼输出目录
tpath=os.path.join(cpath,kkk)
savef(html,tpath)

3.输出结果如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>

<!--STATUS OK-->

<html>

<head>

    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">

    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">

    <meta content="always" name="referrer">

    <title>页面不存在_百度搜索</title>

    <style data-for="result">
    ...由于太多，后面就省略了

Answer 1

바이두 주소가 잘못되었기 때문에
실제로는 /s를 추가해야 합니다.
http://www.baidu.com/s

키워드를 포함한 전체 주소는 이렇습니다
http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=key...

페이지번호를 포함한 주소는 이렇습니다
http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=key...

s를 추가하지 않으면 페이지를 찾을 수 없다는 메시지가 표시됩니다

===================================

으아악

이것은 python3.5용 코드입니다. 여기서 언급한 문제는 없습니다

Answer 2

간단한 Python 크롤러를 위한 코드를 너무 많이 작성합니다. . . . . .

으아악

Answer 3

복잡한 헤더를 설정할 필요가 없으므로 크롤러 작성 시 요청 라이브러리를 사용하는 것이 더 편리합니다

으아악

Answer 4

으아악