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Teach you how to use shell scripts to quickly set up the server (with code)

奋力向前

Sep 16, 2021 am 11:43 AM

linux

之前的文章《一文讲解css3实现椭圆轨迹旋转（总结）》中，给大家介绍了如何用css3实现椭圆轨迹旋转的方法。下面本篇文章给大家怎么使用shell脚本实现服务器快速设置，有一定的参考价值，有需要的朋友可以参考一下，希望对你们有所助。

Teach you how to use shell scripts to quickly set up the server (with code)

通过shell脚本实现服务器快速设置

现在企业出海已经是常态，我们面临更多的国家地区服务器安装的工作。虽然云服务已经普及，还有各种SaaS可以快速使用，但定制化需求会一直存在，那么快速部署的方法就很有必要。

目前与那些快速部署方法？

服务器镜像——最快，但必须在同一个供应商内，出海可能会不同地区用不同的云服务商，就无法实现。
docker——可以通过镜像方式快速部署，应对复杂环境；
shell脚本——可以简化大多数复杂应用的安装，适合系统环境变化不大的情况，例如可以用同一个版本系统。

虽然shell脚本的方式不如docker和镜像好使，但如果你还没有尝试过，可以试一下，作为一个工具，可以极大提高效率，因为我们也看到，很多的linux安装包也提供了类似的一键安装脚本。

在上脚本之前，先要说明一下我的服务器软件内容：

gitlab-runner集成部署
nodeJS环境
nodeJS标准的跑在gitlab-runner用户下
使用nvm管理nodejs版本
使用pm2管理进程

下面是以我在游戏出海时使用的shell脚本，简单说明如何通过shell脚本快速部署：

#!/bin/sh #第一句，基本是所有sh脚本的标准开头
# Centos 7.8  #说明这个脚本适用的系统和版本，给人看的

#硬盘目录：#变量声明
DISK_PATH="/data" #之前已经mount好的硬盘路径
#hostname:
HOSTNAME="my_server_name" #服务器名字，方便登录后区分
#gitlab-runner:
GITLAB_RUNNER="https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/runner/gitlab-runner/script.rpm.sh"
#nodejs version
NODE_VERSION="v8.17.0"

#NVM #nvm安装脚本
NVM_SCRIPT="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.37.2/install.sh"
#PM2 #pm2版本
PM2="pm2"
#pm2 data path: #pm2日志路径，我们不希望放到系统盘中
PM2_DATA_DIR="pm2Data" # 下方会组合成完整的路径 DISK_PATH+/PM2_DATA_DIR

echo "开始安装SDK channel套件============"

if [ -n "$HOSTNAME" ] # if的使用方式，大家需要去了解一下，-n是如果不为空的意思
then
  echo "修改hostname为:$HOSTNAME"
  hostnamectl set-hostname "$HOSTNAME"
else
  echo "可以使用 &#39;hostnamectl set-hostname newHostname&#39; #设置当前hostname，立即生效，重启也生效"
fi
echo "准备开始，当前hostname:" 
hostname

# 下面是一连串的安装和处理了

echo "基础准备："
yum install epel-release -y
yum update -y

echo "安装 htop："
yum install htop -y

echo "安装 ngnix："
rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
yum install nginx -y
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl start nginx
touch "/etc/nginx/conf.d/virtual.conf"

echo "安装gitlab-runner:"
# For RHEL/CentOS/Fedora
curl -L "$GITLAB_RUNNER" | sudo bash
yum install gitlab-runner -y
echo "alias lg=&#39;su -l gitlab-runner&#39;" >> "$HOME/.bashrc"
source "$HOME/.bashrc"

echo "建立pm2Data目录:"
PM2_FINALDIR="$DISK_PATH/$PM2_DATA_DIR"
if [ ! -d "$PM2_FINALDIR" ]; then #-d是判断是不是目录，不是就创建
  mkdir "$PM2_FINALDIR"
fi
chown gitlab-runner:gitlab-runner "$PM2_FINALDIR" #修改目录owner

# 我会生成一个新的脚本到gitlab-runner目录，为什么这样做呢？
# 因为需要在gitlab-ruuner用户跑服务，希望环境在目标用户那里。
# 另外的原因是，以其他用户身份安装pm2会出现问题，那我就跑2次脚本咯

echo "切换用户安装 node 套件"
######## nodejs.sh Start########
NODE_SHELL=&#39;/home/gitlab-runner/nodejs.sh&#39;

echo "#!/bin/sh
# Centos 7.8

#硬盘目录：
#nodejs version
NODE_VERSION=\"$NODE_VERSION\"
PM2_FINALDIR=\"$PM2_FINALDIR\"

#NVM
NVM_SCRIPT=\"$NVM_SCRIPT\"
#PM2
PM2=\"$PM2\"

echo \"安装 nvm\"
curl -o- $NVM_SCRIPT | bash
echo \"安装 node $NODE_VERSION:\"
source \"\$HOME/.bashrc\"
nvm install $NODE_VERSION
nvm use $NODE_VERSION
echo \"安装pm2: $PM2\"  
npm i $PM2 -g
npm install --global coffeescript
npm install --global gulp

# pm2 目录的骚操作
PM2_HOME=\"\$HOME/.pm2\"
if [ -d \$PM2_HOME ]; then
  echo &#39;处理.pm2目录&#39;
  pwd
  ll
  mv \$PM2_HOME $PM2_FINALDIR
  rm \$PM2_HOME -r
  ln -s $PM2_FINALDIR/ \$PM2_HOME
else 
  echo -e &#39;.pm2 目录不存在&#39;
  ln -s $PM2_FINALDIR/ \$PM2_HOME
fi
source \"\$HOME/.bashrc\"
echo \"NodeJS 套件结束\"" > "$NODE_SHELL"

chown gitlab-runner:gitlab-runner "$NODE_SHELL"
chmod +x "$NODE_SHELL" # 让脚本可以运行
# sudo -H -u gitlab-runner bash -c "$NODE_SHELL" #无法跑pm2安装
echo "将切换到gitlab-runner 用户，然后运行./nodejs.sh"
######## nodejs.sh End ########
su -l gitlab-runner #切换用户，跑./nodejs.sh，就可以安装好nodejs环境

sudo gitlab-runner register # 注册gitlab-runner

echo "完成"
exit 0

Copy after login

这个脚本里遇到的最大问题是，我们目前无法在root中安装pm2，会报错。当然也可以通过研究解决，但万一以后pm2版本更新了呢？研究出来的方法是不是不能用？所以干脆脚本生成脚本，再跑一次。coding的时候记得字符串中的转义。

通过这个方式，我实现了另外2个共3个为一组的服务群快速安装。中间发生了一次，安装了一半的时候，发现供应商给错服务器了，只能3个服务器都需要重新安装！还好有脚本，否则真的是灾难！

推荐学习：Linux教程

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