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Python中if语句的一般形式如下所示:
if condition_1: statement_block_1 elif condition_2: statement_block_2 else: statement_block_3
如果 "condition_1" 为 True 将执行 "statement_block_1" 块语句,如果 "condition_1" 为False,将判断 "condition_2",如果"condition_2" 为 True 将执行 "statement_block_2" 块语句,如果 "condition_2" 为False,将执行"statement_block_3"块语句。
Python中用elif代替了else if,所以if语句的关键字为:if – elif – else。
注意:
以下实例演示了狗的年龄计算判断:
age = int(input("Age of the dog: ")) print() if age < 0: print("This can hardly be true!") elif age == 1: print("about 14 human years") elif age == 2: print("about 22 human years") elif age > 2: human = 22 + (age -2)*5 print("Human years: ", human) ### input('press Return>')
将以上脚本保存在dog.py文件中,并执行该脚本:
python dog.py Age of the dog: 1 about 14 human years
以下为if中常用的操作运算符:
操作符 | 描述 |
---|---|
< | 小于 |
<= | 小于或等于 |
> | 大于 |
>= | 大于或等于 |
== | 等于,比较对象是否相等 |
!= | 不等于 |
# 程序演示了 == 操作符 # 使用数字 print(5 == 6) # 使用变量 x = 5 y = 8 print(x == y)
以上实例输出结果:
False False
high_low.py文件:
#!/usr/bin/python3 # 该实例演示了数字猜谜游戏 number = 7 guess = -1 print("Guess the number!") while guess != number: guess = int(input("Is it... ")) if guess == number: print("Hooray! You guessed it right!") elif guess < number: print("It's bigger...") elif guess > number: print("It's not so big.")