directory search
前言 何为PostgreSQL? PostgreSQL简史 格式约定 更多信息 臭虫汇报指导 I. 教程 章1. 从头开始 1.1. 安装 1.2. 体系基本概念 1.3. 创建一个数据库 1.4. 访问数据库 章2. SQL语言 2.1. 介绍 2.2. 概念 2.3. 创建新表 2.4. 向表中添加行 2.5. 查询一个表 2.6. 表间链接 2.7. 聚集函数 2.8. 更新 2.9. 删除 章3. 高级特性 3.1. 介绍 3.2. 视图 3.3. 外键 3.4. 事务 3.5. 窗口函数 3.6. 继承 3.7. 结论 II. SQL语言 章4. SQL语法 4.1. 词法结构 4.2. 值表达式 4.3. 调用函数 章5. 数据定义 5.1. 表的基本概念 5.2. 缺省值 5.3. 约束 5.4. 系统字段 5.5. 修改表 5.6. 权限 5.7. 模式 5.8. 继承 5.9. 分区 5.10. 其它数据库对象 5.11. 依赖性跟踪 章 6. 数据操作 6.1. 插入数据 6.2. 更新数据 6.3. 删除数据 章7. 查询 7.1. 概述 7.2. 表表达式 7.3. 选择列表 7.4. 组合查询 7.5. 行排序 7.6. LIMIT和OFFSET 7.7. VALUES列表 7.8. WITH的查询(公用表表达式) 章8. 数据类型 8.1. 数值类型 8.2. 货币类型 8.3. 字符类型 8.4. 二进制数据类型 8.5. 日期/时间类型 8.6. 布尔类型 8.7. 枚举类型 8.8. 几何类型 8.9. 网络地址类型 8.10. 位串类型 8.11. 文本搜索类型 8.12. UUID类型 8.13. XML类型 8.14. 数组 8.15. 复合类型 8.16. 对象标识符类型 8.17. 伪类型 章 9. 函数和操作符 9.1. 逻辑操作符 9.2. 比较操作符 9.3. 数学函数和操作符 9.4. 字符串函数和操作符 9.5. 二进制字符串函数和操作符 9.6. 位串函数和操作符 9.7. 模式匹配 9.8. 数据类型格式化函数 9.9. 时间/日期函数和操作符 9.10. 支持枚举函数 9.11. 几何函数和操作符 9.12. 网络地址函数和操作符 9.13. 文本检索函数和操作符 9.14. XML函数 9.15. 序列操作函数 9.16. 条件表达式 9.17. 数组函数和操作符 9.18. 聚合函数 9.19. 窗口函数 9.20. 子查询表达式 9.21. 行和数组比较 9.22. 返回集合的函数 9.23. 系统信息函数 9.24. 系统管理函数 9.25. 触发器函数 章10. 类型转换 10.3. 函数 10.2. 操作符 10.1. 概述 10.4. 值存储 10.5. UNION 章11. 索引 11.1. 介绍 11.2. 索引类型 11.3. 多字段索引 11.4. 索引和ORDER BY 11.5. 组合多个索引 11.6. 唯一索引 11.7. 表达式上的索引 11.8. 部分索引 11.9. 操作类和操作簇 11.10. 检查索引的使用 章12. Full Text Search 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Tables and Indexes 12.3. Controlling Text Search 12.4. Additional Features 12.5. Parsers 12.6. Dictionaries 12.7. Configuration Example 12.8. Testing and Debugging Text Search 12.9. GiST and GIN Index Types 12.10. psql Support 12.11. Limitations 12.12. Migration from Pre-8.3 Text Search 章13. 并发控制 13.1. 介绍 13.2. 事务隔离 13.3. 明确锁定 13.4. 应用层数据完整性检查 13.5. 锁和索引 章14. 性能提升技巧 14.1. 使用EXPLAIN 14.2. 规划器使用的统计信息 14.3. 用明确的JOIN语句控制规划器 14.4. 向数据库中添加记录 14.5. 非持久性设置 III. 服务器管理 章15. 安装指导 15.1. 简版 15.2. 要求 15.3. 获取源码 15.4. 升级 15.5. 安装过程 15.6. 安装后的设置 15.7. 支持的平台 15.8. 特殊平台的要求 章16. Installation from Source Code on Windows 16.1. Building with Visual C++ or the Platform SDK 16.2. Building libpq with Visual C++ or Borland C++ 章17. 服务器安装和操作 17.1. PostgreSQL用户帐户 17.2. 创建数据库集群 17.3. 启动数据库服务器 17.4. 管理内核资源 17.5. 关闭服务 17.6. 防止服务器欺骗 17.7. 加密选项 17.8. 用SSL进行安全的TCP/IP连接 17.9. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels 章18. 服务器配置 18.1. 设置参数 18.2. 文件位置 18.3. 连接和认证 18.4. 资源消耗 18.5. 预写式日志 18.6. 查询规划 18.7. 错误报告和日志 18.8. 运行时统计 18.9. 自动清理 18.10. 客户端连接缺省 18.12. 版本和平台兼容性 18.11. 锁管理 18.13. 预置选项 18.14. 自定义的选项 18.15. 开发人员选项 18.16. 短选项 章19. 用户认证 19.1. pg_hba.conf 文件 19.2. 用户名映射 19.3. 认证方法 19.4. 用户认证 章20. 数据库角色和权限 20.1. 数据库角色 20.2. 角色属性 20.3. 权限 20.4. 角色成员 20.5. 函数和触发器 章21. 管理数据库 21.1. 概述 21.2. 创建一个数据库 21.3. 临时库 21.4. 数据库配置 21.5. 删除数据库 21.6. 表空间 章22. 本土化 22.1. 区域支持 22.2. 字符集支持 章23. 日常数据库维护工作 23.1. Routine Vacuuming日常清理 23.2. 经常重建索引 23.3. 日志文件维护 章24. 备份和恢复 24.1. SQL转储 24.2. 文件系统级别的备份 24.3. 在线备份以及即时恢复(PITR) 24.4. 版本间迁移 章25. 高可用性与负载均衡,复制 25.1. 不同解决方案的比较 25.2. 日志传送备份服务器 25.3. 失效切换 25.4. 日志传送的替代方法 25.5. 热备 章26. 恢复配置 26.1. 归档恢复设置 26.2. 恢复目标设置 26.3. 备服务器设置 章27. 监控数据库的活动 27.1. 标准Unix工具 27.2. 统计收集器 27.3. 查看锁 27.4. 动态跟踪 章28. 监控磁盘使用情况 28.1. 判断磁盘的使用量 28.2. 磁盘满导致的失效 章29. 可靠性和预写式日志 29.1. 可靠性 29.2. 预写式日志(WAL) 29.3. 异步提交 29.4. WAL配置 29.5. WAL内部 章30. Regression Tests 30.1. Running the Tests 30.2. Test Evaluation 30.3. Variant Comparison Files 30.4. Test Coverage Examination IV. 客户端接口 章31. libpq-C库 31.1. 数据库联接函数 31.2. 连接状态函数 31.3. 命令执行函数 31.4. 异步命令处理 31.5. 取消正在处理的查询 31.6. 捷径接口 31.7. 异步通知 31.8. 与COPY命令相关的函数 31.9. Control Functions 控制函数 31.10. 其他函数 31.11. 注意信息处理 31.12. 事件系统 31.13. 环境变量 31.14. 口令文件 31.15. 连接服务的文件 31.16. LDAP查找连接参数 31.17. SSL支持 31.18. 在多线程程序里的行为 31.19. 制作libpq程序 31.20. 例子程序 章32. 大对象 32.1. 介绍 32.2. 实现特点 32.3. 客户端接口 32.4. 服务器端函数 32.5. 例子程序 章33. ECPG - Embedded SQL in C 33.1. The Concept 33.2. Connecting to the Database Server 33.3. Closing a Connection 33.4. Running SQL Commands 33.5. Choosing a Connection 33.6. Using Host Variables 33.7. Dynamic SQL 33.8. pgtypes library 33.9. Using Descriptor Areas 33.10. Informix compatibility mode 33.11. Error Handling 33.12. Preprocessor directives 33.13. Processing Embedded SQL Programs 33.14. Library Functions 33.15. Internals 章34. 信息模式 34.1. 关于这个模式 34.2. 数据类型 34.3. information_schema_catalog_name 34.4. administrable_role_authorizations 34.5. applicable_roles 34.6. attributes 34.7. check_constraint_routine_usage 34.8. check_constraints 34.9. column_domain_usage 34.10. column_privileges 34.11. column_udt_usage 34.12. 字段 34.13. constraint_column_usage 34.14. constraint_table_usage 34.15. data_type_privileges 34.16. domain_constraints 34.18. domains 34.17. domain_udt_usage 34.19. element_types 34.20. enabled_roles 34.21. foreign_data_wrapper_options 34.22. foreign_data_wrappers 34.23. foreign_server_options 34.24. foreign_servers 34.25. key_column_usage 34.26. parameters 34.27. referential_constraints 34.28. role_column_grants 34.29. role_routine_grants 34.30. role_table_grants 34.31. role_usage_grants 34.32. routine_privileges 34.33. routines 34.34. schemata 34.35. sequences 34.36. sql_features 34.37. sql_implementation_info 34.38. sql_languages 34.39. sql_packages 34.40. sql_parts 34.41. sql_sizing 34.42. sql_sizing_profiles 34.43. table_constraints 34.44. table_privileges 34.45. tables 34.46. triggered_update_columns 34.47. 触发器 34.48. usage_privileges 34.49. user_mapping_options 34.50. user_mappings 34.51. view_column_usage 34.52. view_routine_usage 34.53. view_table_usage 34.54. 视图 V. 服务器端编程 章35. 扩展SQL 35.1. 扩展性是如何实现的 35.2. PostgreSQL类型系统 35.3. User-Defined Functions 35.4. Query Language (SQL) Functions 35.5. Function Overloading 35.6. Function Volatility Categories 35.7. Procedural Language Functions 35.8. Internal Functions 35.9. C-Language Functions 35.10. User-Defined Aggregates 35.11. User-Defined Types 35.12. User-Defined Operators 35.13. Operator Optimization Information 35.14. Interfacing Extensions To Indexes 35.15. 用C++扩展 章36. 触发器 36.1. 触发器行为概述 36.3. 用 C 写触发器 36.2. 数据改变的可视性 36.4. 一个完整的例子 章37. 规则系统 37.1. The Query Tree 37.2. 视图和规则系统 37.3. 在INSERT,UPDATE和DELETE上的规则 37.4. 规则和权限 37.5. 规则和命令状态 37.6. 规则与触发器得比较 章38. Procedural Languages 38.1. Installing Procedural Languages 章39. PL/pgSQL - SQL过程语言 39.1. 概述 39.2. PL/pgSQL的结构 39.3. 声明 39.4. 表达式 39.5. 基本语句 39.6. 控制结构 39.7. 游标 39.8. 错误和消息 39.9. 触发器过程 39.10. PL/pgSQL Under the Hood 39.11. 开发PL/pgSQL的一些提示 39.12. 从OraclePL/SQL 进行移植 章40. PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language 40.1. Overview 40.2. PL/Tcl Functions and Arguments 40.3. Data Values in PL/Tcl 40.4. Global Data in PL/Tcl 40.5. Database Access from PL/Tcl 40.6. Trigger Procedures in PL/Tcl 40.7. Modules and the unknown command 40.8. Tcl Procedure Names 章41. PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language 41.1. PL/Perl Functions and Arguments 41.2. Data Values in PL/Perl 41.3. Built-in Functions 41.4. Global Values in PL/Perl 41.6. PL/Perl Triggers 41.5. Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl 41.7. PL/Perl Under the Hood 章42. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language 42.1. Python 2 vs. Python 3 42.2. PL/Python Functions 42.3. Data Values 42.4. Sharing Data 42.5. Anonymous Code Blocks 42.6. Trigger Functions 42.7. Database Access 42.8. Utility Functions 42.9. Environment Variables 章43. Server Programming Interface 43.1. Interface Functions Spi-spi-connect Spi-spi-finish Spi-spi-push Spi-spi-pop Spi-spi-execute Spi-spi-exec Spi-spi-execute-with-args Spi-spi-prepare Spi-spi-prepare-cursor Spi-spi-prepare-params Spi-spi-getargcount Spi-spi-getargtypeid Spi-spi-is-cursor-plan Spi-spi-execute-plan Spi-spi-execute-plan-with-paramlist Spi-spi-execp Spi-spi-cursor-open Spi-spi-cursor-open-with-args Spi-spi-cursor-open-with-paramlist Spi-spi-cursor-find Spi-spi-cursor-fetch Spi-spi-cursor-move Spi-spi-scroll-cursor-fetch Spi-spi-scroll-cursor-move Spi-spi-cursor-close Spi-spi-saveplan 43.2. Interface Support Functions Spi-spi-fname Spi-spi-fnumber Spi-spi-getvalue Spi-spi-getbinval Spi-spi-gettype Spi-spi-gettypeid Spi-spi-getrelname Spi-spi-getnspname 43.3. Memory Management Spi-spi-palloc Spi-realloc Spi-spi-pfree Spi-spi-copytuple Spi-spi-returntuple Spi-spi-modifytuple Spi-spi-freetuple Spi-spi-freetupletable Spi-spi-freeplan 43.4. Visibility of Data Changes 43.5. Examples VI. 参考手册 I. SQL命令 Sql-abort Sql-alteraggregate Sql-alterconversion Sql-alterdatabase Sql-alterdefaultprivileges Sql-alterdomain Sql-alterforeigndatawrapper Sql-alterfunction Sql-altergroup Sql-alterindex Sql-alterlanguage Sql-alterlargeobject Sql-alteroperator Sql-alteropclass Sql-alteropfamily Sql-alterrole Sql-alterschema Sql-altersequence Sql-alterserver Sql-altertable Sql-altertablespace Sql-altertsconfig Sql-altertsdictionary Sql-altertsparser Sql-altertstemplate Sql-altertrigger Sql-altertype Sql-alteruser Sql-alterusermapping Sql-alterview Sql-analyze Sql-begin Sql-checkpoint Sql-close Sql-cluster Sql-comment Sql-commit Sql-commit-prepared Sql-copy Sql-createaggregate Sql-createcast Sql-createconstraint Sql-createconversion Sql-createdatabase Sql-createdomain Sql-createforeigndatawrapper Sql-createfunction Sql-creategroup Sql-createindex Sql-createlanguage Sql-createoperator Sql-createopclass Sql-createopfamily Sql-createrole Sql-createrule Sql-createschema Sql-createsequence Sql-createserver Sql-createtable Sql-createtableas Sql-createtablespace Sql-createtsconfig Sql-createtsdictionary Sql-createtsparser Sql-createtstemplate Sql-createtrigger Sql-createtype Sql-createuser Sql-createusermapping Sql-createview Sql-deallocate Sql-declare Sql-delete Sql-discard Sql-do Sql-dropaggregate Sql-dropcast Sql-dropconversion Sql-dropdatabase Sql-dropdomain Sql-dropforeigndatawrapper Sql-dropfunction Sql-dropgroup Sql-dropindex Sql-droplanguage Sql-dropoperator Sql-dropopclass Sql-dropopfamily Sql-drop-owned Sql-droprole Sql-droprule Sql-dropschema Sql-dropsequence Sql-dropserver Sql-droptable Sql-droptablespace Sql-droptsconfig Sql-droptsdictionary Sql-droptsparser Sql-droptstemplate Sql-droptrigger Sql-droptype Sql-dropuser Sql-dropusermapping Sql-dropview Sql-end Sql-execute Sql-explain Sql-fetch Sql-grant Sql-insert Sql-listen Sql-load Sql-lock Sql-move Sql-notify Sql-prepare Sql-prepare-transaction Sql-reassign-owned Sql-reindex Sql-release-savepoint Sql-reset Sql-revoke Sql-rollback Sql-rollback-prepared Sql-rollback-to Sql-savepoint Sql-select Sql-selectinto Sql-set Sql-set-constraints Sql-set-role Sql-set-session-authorization Sql-set-transaction Sql-show Sql-start-transaction Sql-truncate Sql-unlisten Sql-update Sql-vacuum Sql-values II. 客户端应用程序 App-clusterdb App-createdb App-createlang App-createuser App-dropdb App-droplang App-dropuser App-ecpg App-pgconfig App-pgdump App-pg-dumpall App-pgrestore App-psql App-reindexdb App-vacuumdb III. PostgreSQL服务器应用程序 App-initdb App-pgcontroldata App-pg-ctl App-pgresetxlog App-postgres App-postmaster VII. 内部 章44. PostgreSQL内部概览 44.1. 查询路径 44.2. 连接是如何建立起来的 44.3. 分析器阶段 44.4. ThePostgreSQL规则系统 44.5. 规划器/优化器 44.6. 执行器 章45. 系统表 45.1. 概述 45.2. pg_aggregate 45.3. pg_am 45.4. pg_amop 45.5. pg_amproc 45.6. pg_attrdef 45.7. pg_attribute 45.8. pg_authid 45.9. pg_auth_members 45.10. pg_cast 45.11. pg_class 45.12. pg_constraint 45.13. pg_conversion 45.14. pg_database 45.15. pg_db_role_setting 45.16. pg_default_acl 45.17. pg_depend 45.18. pg_description 45.19. pg_enum 45.20. pg_foreign_data_wrapper 45.21. pg_foreign_server 45.22. pg_index 45.23. pg_inherits 45.24. pg_language 45.25. pg_largeobject 45.26. pg_largeobject_metadata 45.27. pg_namespace 45.28. pg_opclass 45.29. pg_operator 45.30. pg_opfamily 45.31. pg_pltemplate 45.32. pg_proc 45.33. pg_rewrite 45.34. pg_shdepend 45.35. pg_shdescription 45.36. pg_statistic 45.37. pg_tablespace 45.38. pg_trigger 45.39. pg_ts_config 45.40. pg_ts_config_map 45.41. pg_ts_dict 45.42. pg_ts_parser 45.43. pg_ts_template 45.44. pg_type 45.45. pg_user_mapping 45.46. System Views 45.47. pg_cursors 45.48. pg_group 45.49. pg_indexes 45.50. pg_locks 45.51. pg_prepared_statements 45.52. pg_prepared_xacts 45.53. pg_roles 45.54. pg_rules 45.55. pg_settings 45.56. pg_shadow 45.57. pg_stats 45.58. pg_tables 45.59. pg_timezone_abbrevs 45.60. pg_timezone_names 45.61. pg_user 45.62. pg_user_mappings 45.63. pg_views 章46. Frontend/Backend Protocol 46.1. Overview 46.2. Message Flow 46.3. Streaming Replication Protocol 46.4. Message Data Types 46.5. Message Formats 46.6. Error and Notice Message Fields 46.7. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0 47. PostgreSQL Coding Conventions 47.1. Formatting 47.2. Reporting Errors Within the Server 47.3. Error Message Style Guide 章48. Native Language Support 48.1. For the Translator 48.2. For the Programmer 章49. Writing A Procedural Language Handler 章50. Genetic Query Optimizer 50.1. Query Handling as a Complex Optimization Problem 50.2. Genetic Algorithms 50.3. Genetic Query Optimization (GEQO) in PostgreSQL 50.4. Further Reading 章51. 索引访问方法接口定义 51.1. 索引的系统表记录 51.2. 索引访问方法函数 51.3. 索引扫描 51.4. 索引锁的考量 51.5. 索引唯一性检查 51.6. 索引开销估计函数 章52. GiST Indexes 52.1. Introduction 52.2. Extensibility 52.3. Implementation 52.4. Examples 52.5. Crash Recovery 章53. GIN Indexes 53.1. Introduction 53.2. Extensibility 53.3. Implementation 53.4. GIN tips and tricks 53.5. Limitations 53.6. Examples 章54. 数据库物理存储 54.1. 数据库文件布局 54.2. TOAST 54.3. 自由空间映射 54.4. 可见映射 54.5. 数据库分页文件 章55. BKI后端接口 55.1. BKI 文件格式 55.2. BKI命令 55.3. 系统初始化的BKI文件的结构 55.4. 例子 章56. 规划器如何使用统计信息 56.1. 行预期的例子 VIII. 附录 A. PostgreSQL错误代码 B. 日期/时间支持 B.1. 日期/时间输入解析 B.2. 日期/时间关键字 B.3. 日期/时间配置文件 B.4. 日期单位的历史 C. SQL关键字 D. SQL Conformance D.1. Supported Features D.2. Unsupported Features E. Release Notes Release-0-01 Release-0-02 Release-0-03 Release-1-0 Release-1-01 Release-1-02 Release-1-09 Release-6-0 Release-6-1 Release-6-1-1 Release-6-2 Release-6-2-1 Release-6-3 Release-6-3-1 Release-6-3-2 Release-6-4 Release-6-4-1 Release-6-4-2 Release-6-5 Release-6-5-1 Release-6-5-2 Release-6-5-3 Release-7-0 Release-7-0-1 Release-7-0-2 Release-7-0-3 Release-7-1 Release-7-1-1 Release-7-1-2 Release-7-1-3 Release-7-2 Release-7-2-1 Release-7-2-2 Release-7-2-3 Release-7-2-4 Release-7-2-5 Release-7-2-6 Release-7-2-7 Release-7-2-8 Release-7-3 Release-7-3-1 Release-7-3-10 Release-7-3-11 Release-7-3-12 Release-7-3-13 Release-7-3-14 Release-7-3-15 Release-7-3-16 Release-7-3-17 Release-7-3-18 Release-7-3-19 Release-7-3-2 Release-7-3-20 Release-7-3-21 Release-7-3-3 Release-7-3-4 Release-7-3-5 Release-7-3-6 Release-7-3-7 Release-7-3-8 Release-7-3-9 Release-7-4 Release-7-4-1 Release-7-4-10 Release-7-4-11 Release-7-4-12 Release-7-4-13 Release-7-4-14 Release-7-4-15 Release-7-4-16 Release-7-4-17 Release-7-4-18 Release-7-4-19 Release-7-4-2 Release-7-4-20 Release-7-4-21 Release-7-4-22 Release-7-4-23 Release-7-4-24 Release-7-4-25 Release-7-4-26 Release-7-4-27 Release-7-4-28 Release-7-4-29 Release-7-4-3 Release-7-4-30 Release-7-4-4 Release-7-4-5 Release-7-4-6 Release-7-4-7 Release-7-4-8 Release-7-4-9 Release-8-0 Release-8-0-1 Release-8-0-10 Release-8-0-11 Release-8-0-12 Release-8-0-13 Release-8-0-14 Release-8-0-15 Release-8-0-16 Release-8-0-17 Release-8-0-18 Release-8-0-19 Release-8-0-2 Release-8-0-20 Release-8-0-21 Release-8-0-22 Release-8-0-23 Release-8-0-24 Release-8-0-25 Release-8-0-26 Release-8-0-3 Release-8-0-4 Release-8-0-5 Release-8-0-6 Release-8-0-7 Release-8-0-8 Release-8-0-9 Release-8-1 Release-8-1-1 Release-8-1-10 Release-8-1-11 Release-8-1-12 Release-8-1-13 Release-8-1-14 Release-8-1-15 Release-8-1-16 Release-8-1-17 Release-8-1-18 Release-8-1-19 Release-8-1-2 Release-8-1-20 Release-8-1-21 Release-8-1-22 Release-8-1-23 Release-8-1-3 Release-8-1-4 Release-8-1-5 Release-8-1-6 Release-8-1-7 Release-8-1-8 Release-8-1-9 Release-8-2 Release-8-2-1 Release-8-2-10 Release-8-2-11 Release-8-2-12 Release-8-2-13 Release-8-2-14 Release-8-2-15 Release-8-2-16 Release-8-2-17 Release-8-2-18 Release-8-2-19 Release-8-2-2 Release-8-2-20 Release-8-2-21 Release-8-2-3 Release-8-2-4 Release-8-2-5 Release-8-2-6 Release-8-2-7 Release-8-2-8 Release-8-2-9 Release-8-3 Release-8-3-1 Release-8-3-10 Release-8-3-11 Release-8-3-12 Release-8-3-13 Release-8-3-14 Release-8-3-15 Release-8-3-2 Release-8-3-3 Release-8-3-4 Release-8-3-5 Release-8-3-6 Release-8-3-7 Release-8-3-8 Release-8-3-9 Release-8-4 Release-8-4-1 Release-8-4-2 Release-8-4-3 Release-8-4-4 Release-8-4-5 Release-8-4-6 Release-8-4-7 Release-8-4-8 Release-9-0 Release-9-0-1 Release-9-0-2 Release-9-0-3 Release-9-0-4 F. 额外提供的模块 F.1. adminpack F.2. auto_explain F.3. btree_gin F.4. btree_gist F.5. chkpass F.6. citext F.7. cube F.8. dblink Contrib-dblink-connect Contrib-dblink-connect-u Contrib-dblink-disconnect Contrib-dblink Contrib-dblink-exec Contrib-dblink-open Contrib-dblink-fetch Contrib-dblink-close Contrib-dblink-get-connections Contrib-dblink-error-message Contrib-dblink-send-query Contrib-dblink-is-busy Contrib-dblink-get-notify Contrib-dblink-get-result Contrib-dblink-cancel-query Contrib-dblink-get-pkey Contrib-dblink-build-sql-insert Contrib-dblink-build-sql-delete Contrib-dblink-build-sql-update F.9. dict_int F.10. dict_xsyn F.11. earthdistance F.12. fuzzystrmatch F.13. hstore F.14. intagg F.15. intarray F.16. isn F.17. lo F.18. ltree F.19. oid2name F.20. pageinspect F.21. passwordcheck F.22. pg_archivecleanup F.23. pgbench F.24. pg_buffercache F.25. pgcrypto F.26. pg_freespacemap F.27. pgrowlocks F.28. pg_standby F.29. pg_stat_statements F.30. pgstattuple F.31. pg_trgm F.32. pg_upgrade F.33. seg F.34. spi F.35. sslinfo F.36. tablefunc F.37. test_parser F.38. tsearch2 F.39. unaccent F.40. uuid-ossp F.41. vacuumlo F.42. xml2 G. 外部项目 G.1. 客户端接口 G.2. 过程语言 G.3. 扩展 H. The Source Code Repository H.1. Getting The Source Via Git I. 文档 I.1. DocBook I.2. 工具集 I.3. 制作文档 I.4. 文档写作 I.5. 风格指导 J. 首字母缩略词 参考书目 Bookindex Index
characters

D.1. Supported Features

Identifier Package Description Comment
B012   Embedded C  
B021   Direct SQL  
E011 Core Numeric data types  
E011-01 Core INTEGER and SMALLINT data types  
E011-02 Core REAL, DOUBLE PRECISION, and FLOAT data types  
E011-03 Core DECIMAL and NUMERIC data types  
E011-04 Core Arithmetic operators  
E011-05 Core Numeric comparison  
E011-06 Core Implicit casting among the numeric data types  
E021 Core Character data types  
E021-01 Core CHARACTER data type  
E021-02 Core CHARACTER VARYING data type  
E021-03 Core Character literals  
E021-04 Core CHARACTER_LENGTH function trims trailing spaces from CHARACTER values before counting
E021-05 Core OCTET_LENGTH function  
E021-06 Core SUBSTRING function  
E021-07 Core Character concatenation  
E021-08 Core UPPER and LOWER functions  
E021-09 Core TRIM function  
E021-10 Core Implicit casting among the character string types  
E021-11 Core POSITION function  
E021-12 Core Character comparison  
E031 Core Identifiers  
E031-01 Core Delimited identifiers  
E031-02 Core Lower case identifiers  
E031-03 Core Trailing underscore  
E051 Core Basic query specification  
E051-01 Core SELECT DISTINCT  
E051-02 Core GROUP BY clause  
E051-04 Core GROUP BY can contain columns not in <select list>  
E051-05 Core Select list items can be renamed  
E051-06 Core HAVING clause  
E051-07 Core Qualified * in select list  
E051-08 Core Correlation names in the FROM clause  
E051-09 Core Rename columns in the FROM clause  
E061 Core Basic predicates and search conditions  
E061-01 Core Comparison predicate  
E061-02 Core BETWEEN predicate  
E061-03 Core IN predicate with list of values  
E061-04 Core LIKE predicate  
E061-05 Core LIKE predicate ESCAPE clause  
E061-06 Core NULL predicate  
E061-07 Core Quantified comparison predicate  
E061-08 Core EXISTS predicate  
E061-09 Core Subqueries in comparison predicate  
E061-11 Core Subqueries in IN predicate  
E061-12 Core Subqueries in quantified comparison predicate  
E061-13 Core Correlated subqueries  
E061-14 Core Search condition  
E071 Core Basic query expressions  
E071-01 Core UNION DISTINCT table operator  
E071-02 Core UNION ALL table operator  
E071-03 Core EXCEPT DISTINCT table operator  
E071-05 Core Columns combined via table operators need not have exactly the same data type  
E071-06 Core Table operators in subqueries  
E081-01 Core SELECT privilege  
E081-02 Core DELETE privilege  
E081-03 Core INSERT privilege at the table level  
E081-04 Core UPDATE privilege at the table level  
E081-05 Core UPDATE privilege at the column level  
E081-06 Core REFERENCES privilege at the table level  
E081-07 Core REFERENCES privilege at the column level  
E081-08 Core WITH GRANT OPTION  
E081-10 Core EXECUTE privilege  
E091 Core Set functions  
E091-01 Core AVG  
E091-02 Core COUNT  
E091-03 Core MAX  
E091-04 Core MIN  
E091-05 Core SUM  
E091-06 Core ALL quantifier  
E091-07 Core DISTINCT quantifier  
E101 Core Basic data manipulation  
E101-01 Core INSERT statement  
E101-03 Core Searched UPDATE statement  
E101-04 Core Searched DELETE statement  
E111 Core Single row SELECT statement  
E121 Core Basic cursor support  
E121-01 Core DECLARE CURSOR  
E121-02 Core ORDER BY columns need not be in select list  
E121-03 Core Value expressions in ORDER BY clause  
E121-04 Core OPEN statement  
E121-06 Core Positioned UPDATE statement  
E121-07 Core Positioned DELETE statement  
E121-08 Core CLOSE statement  
E121-10 Core FETCH statement implicit NEXT  
E121-17 Core WITH HOLD cursors  
E131 Core Null value support (nulls in lieu of values)  
E141 Core Basic integrity constraints  
E141-01 Core NOT NULL constraints  
E141-02 Core UNIQUE constraints of NOT NULL columns  
E141-03 Core PRIMARY KEY constraints  
E141-04 Core Basic FOREIGN KEY constraint with the NO ACTION default for both referential delete action and referential update action  
E141-06 Core CHECK constraints  
E141-07 Core Column defaults  
E141-08 Core NOT NULL inferred on PRIMARY KEY  
E141-10 Core Names in a foreign key can be specified in any order  
E151 Core Transaction support  
E151-01 Core COMMIT statement  
E151-02 Core ROLLBACK statement  
E152 Core Basic SET TRANSACTION statement  
E152-01 Core SET TRANSACTION statement: ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE clause  
E152-02 Core SET TRANSACTION statement: READ ONLY and READ WRITE clauses  
E161 Core SQL comments using leading double minus  
E171 Core SQLSTATE support  
F021 Core Basic information schema  
F021-01 Core COLUMNS view  
F021-02 Core TABLES view  
F021-03 Core VIEWS view  
F021-04 Core TABLE_CONSTRAINTS view  
F021-05 Core REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS view  
F021-06 Core CHECK_CONSTRAINTS view  
F031 Core Basic schema manipulation  
F031-01 Core CREATE TABLE statement to create persistent base tables  
F031-02 Core CREATE VIEW statement  
F031-03 Core GRANT statement  
F031-04 Core ALTER TABLE statement: ADD COLUMN clause  
F031-13 Core DROP TABLE statement: RESTRICT clause  
F031-16 Core DROP VIEW statement: RESTRICT clause  
F031-19 Core REVOKE statement: RESTRICT clause  
F032   CASCADE drop behavior  
F033   ALTER TABLE statement: DROP COLUMN clause  
F034   Extended REVOKE statement  
F034-01   REVOKE statement performed by other than the owner of a schema object  
F034-02   REVOKE statement: GRANT OPTION FOR clause  
F034-03   REVOKE statement to revoke a privilege that the grantee has WITH GRANT OPTION  
F041 Core Basic joined table  
F041-01 Core Inner join (but not necessarily the INNER keyword)  
F041-02 Core INNER keyword  
F041-03 Core LEFT OUTER JOIN  
F041-04 Core RIGHT OUTER JOIN  
F041-05 Core Outer joins can be nested  
F041-07 Core The inner table in a left or right outer join can also be used in an inner join  
F041-08 Core All comparison operators are supported (rather than just =)  
F051 Core Basic date and time  
F051-01 Core DATE data type (including support of DATE literal)  
F051-02 Core TIME data type (including support of TIME literal) with fractional seconds precision of at least 0  
F051-03 Core TIMESTAMP data type (including support of TIMESTAMP literal) with fractional seconds precision of at least 0 and 6  
F051-04 Core Comparison predicate on DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP data types  
F051-05 Core Explicit CAST between datetime types and character string types  
F051-06 Core CURRENT_DATE  
F051-07 Core LOCALTIME  
F051-08 Core LOCALTIMESTAMP  
F052 Enhanced datetime facilities Intervals and datetime arithmetic  
F053   OVERLAPS predicate  
F081 Core UNION and EXCEPT in views  
F111   Isolation levels other than SERIALIZABLE  
F111-01   READ UNCOMMITTED isolation level  
F111-02   READ COMMITTED isolation level  
F111-03   REPEATABLE READ isolation level  
F131 Core Grouped operations  
F131-01 Core WHERE, GROUP BY, and HAVING clauses supported in queries with grouped views  
F131-02 Core Multiple tables supported in queries with grouped views  
F131-03 Core Set functions supported in queries with grouped views  
F131-04 Core Subqueries with GROUP BY and HAVING clauses and grouped views  
F131-05 Core Single row SELECT with GROUP BY and HAVING clauses and grouped views  
F171   Multiple schemas per user  
F191 Enhanced integrity management Referential delete actions  
F200   TRUNCATE TABLE statement  
F201 Core CAST function  
F221 Core Explicit defaults  
F222   INSERT statement: DEFAULT VALUES clause  
F231   Privilege tables  
F231-01   TABLE_PRIVILEGES view  
F231-02   COLUMN_PRIVILEGES view  
F231-03   USAGE_PRIVILEGES view  
F251   Domain support  
F261 Core CASE expression  
F261-01 Core Simple CASE  
F261-02 Core Searched CASE  
F261-03 Core NULLIF  
F261-04 Core COALESCE  
F271   Compound character literals  
F281   LIKE enhancements  
F302   INTERSECT table operator  
F302-01   INTERSECT DISTINCT table operator  
F302-02   INTERSECT ALL table operator  
F304   EXCEPT ALL table operator  
F311-01 Core CREATE SCHEMA  
F311-02 Core CREATE TABLE for persistent base tables  
F311-03 Core CREATE VIEW  
F311-05 Core GRANT statement  
F321   User authorization  
F361   Subprogram support  
F381   Extended schema manipulation  
F381-01   ALTER TABLE statement: ALTER COLUMN clause  
F381-02   ALTER TABLE statement: ADD CONSTRAINT clause  
F381-03   ALTER TABLE statement: DROP CONSTRAINT clause  
F382   Alter column data type  
F391   Long identifiers  
F392   Unicode escapes in identifiers  
F393   Unicode escapes in literals  
F401   Extended joined table  
F401-01   NATURAL JOIN  
F401-02   FULL OUTER JOIN  
F401-04   CROSS JOIN  
F402   Named column joins for LOBs, arrays, and multisets  
F411 Enhanced datetime facilities Time zone specification differences regarding literal interpretation
F421   National character  
F431   Read-only scrollable cursors  
F431-01   FETCH with explicit NEXT  
F431-02   FETCH FIRST  
F431-03   FETCH LAST  
F431-04   FETCH PRIOR  
F431-05   FETCH ABSOLUTE  
F431-06   FETCH RELATIVE  
F441   Extended set function support  
F442   Mixed column references in set functions  
F471 Core Scalar subquery values  
F481 Core Expanded NULL predicate  
F491 Enhanced integrity management Constraint management  
F501 Core Features and conformance views  
F501-01 Core SQL_FEATURES view  
F501-02 Core SQL_SIZING view  
F501-03 Core SQL_LANGUAGES view  
F502   Enhanced documentation tables  
F502-01   SQL_SIZING_PROFILES view  
F502-02   SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO view  
F502-03   SQL_PACKAGES view  
F531   Temporary tables  
F555 Enhanced datetime facilities Enhanced seconds precision  
F561   Full value expressions  
F571   Truth value tests  
F591   Derived tables  
F611   Indicator data types  
F651   Catalog name qualifiers  
F661   Simple tables  
F672   Retrospective check constraints  
F701 Enhanced integrity management Referential update actions  
F711   ALTER domain  
F731   INSERT column privileges  
F761   Session management  
F762   CURRENT_CATALOG  
F763   CURRENT_SCHEMA  
F771   Connection management  
F781   Self-referencing operations  
F791   Insensitive cursors  
F801   Full set function  
F850   Top-level <order by clause> in <query expression>  
F851   <order by clause> in subqueries  
F852   Top-level <order by clause> in views  
F855   Nested <order by clause> in <query expression>  
F856   Nested <fetch first clause> in <query expression>  
F857   Top-level <fetch first clause> in <query expression>  
F858   <fetch first clause> in subqueries  
F859   Top-level <fetch first clause> in views  
F860   <fetch first row count> in <fetch first clause>  
F861   Top-level <result offset clause> in <query expression>  
F862   <result offset clause> in subqueries  
F863   Nested <result offset clause> in <query expression>  
F864   Top-level <result offset clause> in views  
F865   <offset row count> in <result offset clause>  
S071 Enhanced object support SQL paths in function and type name resolution  
S092   Arrays of user-defined types  
S095   Array constructors by query  
S096   Optional array bounds  
S098   ARRAY_AGG  
S111 Enhanced object support ONLY in query expressions  
S201   SQL-invoked routines on arrays  
S201-01   Array parameters  
S201-02   Array as result type of functions  
S211 Enhanced object support User-defined cast functions  
T031   BOOLEAN data type  
T071   BIGINT data type  
T121   WITH (excluding RECURSIVE) in query expression  
T122   WITH (excluding RECURSIVE) in subquery  
T131   Recursive query  
T132   Recursive query in subquery  
T141   SIMILAR predicate  
T151   DISTINCT predicate  
T152   DISTINCT predicate with negation  
T171   LIKE clause in table definition  
T172   AS subquery clause in table definition  
T173   Extended LIKE clause in table definition  
T191 Enhanced integrity management Referential action RESTRICT  
T201 Enhanced integrity management Comparable data types for referential constraints  
T211-01 Active database, Enhanced integrity management Triggers activated on UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE of one base table  
T211-02 Active database, Enhanced integrity management BEFORE triggers  
T211-03 Active database, Enhanced integrity management AFTER triggers  
T211-04 Active database, Enhanced integrity management FOR EACH ROW triggers  
T211-05 Active database, Enhanced integrity management Ability to specify a search condition that must be true before the trigger is invoked  
T211-07 Active database, Enhanced integrity management TRIGGER privilege  
T212 Enhanced integrity management Enhanced trigger capability  
T231   Sensitive cursors  
T241   START TRANSACTION statement  
T271   Savepoints  
T281   SELECT privilege with column granularity  
T312   OVERLAY function  
T321-01 Core User-defined functions with no overloading  
T321-03 Core Function invocation  
T321-06 Core ROUTINES view  
T321-07 Core PARAMETERS view  
T322 PSM Overloading of SQL-invoked functions and procedures  
T323   Explicit security for external routines  
T351   Bracketed SQL comments (/*...*/ comments)  
T441   ABS and MOD functions  
T461   Symmetric BETWEEN predicate  
T501   Enhanced EXISTS predicate  
T551   Optional key words for default syntax  
T581   Regular expression substring function  
T591   UNIQUE constraints of possibly null columns  
T614   NTILE function  
T615   LEAD and LAG functions  
T617   FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE function  
T621   Enhanced numeric functions  
T631 Core IN predicate with one list element  
T651   SQL-schema statements in SQL routines  
T655   Cyclically dependent routines  
X010   XML type  
X011   Arrays of XML type  
X016   Persistent XML values  
X020   XMLConcat  
X031   XMLElement  
X032   XMLForest  
X034   XMLAgg  
X035   XMLAgg: ORDER BY option  
X036   XMLComment  
X037   XMLPI  
X040   Basic table mapping  
X041   Basic table mapping: nulls absent  
X042   Basic table mapping: null as nil  
X043   Basic table mapping: table as forest  
X044   Basic table mapping: table as element  
X045   Basic table mapping: with target namespace  
X046   Basic table mapping: data mapping  
X047   Basic table mapping: metadata mapping  
X048   Basic table mapping: base64 encoding of binary strings  
X049   Basic table mapping: hex encoding of binary strings  
X050   Advanced table mapping  
X051   Advanced table mapping: nulls absent  
X052   Advanced table mapping: null as nil  
X053   Advanced table mapping: table as forest  
X054   Advanced table mapping: table as element  
X055   Advanced table mapping: target namespace  
X056   Advanced table mapping: data mapping  
X057   Advanced table mapping: metadata mapping  
X058   Advanced table mapping: base64 encoding of binary strings  
X059   Advanced table mapping: hex encoding of binary strings  
X060   XMLParse: Character string input and CONTENT option  
X061   XMLParse: Character string input and DOCUMENT option  
X070   XMLSerialize: Character string serialization and CONTENT option  
X071   XMLSerialize: Character string serialization and DOCUMENT option  
X072   XMLSerialize: Character string serialization  
X090   XML document predicate  
X120   XML parameters in SQL routines  
X121   XML parameters in external routines  

Previous article: Next article: