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memchr memcmp memcpy memcpy_s memmove memmove_s memset memset_s Null-terminated byte strings Null-terminated multibyte strings Null-terminated wide strings strcat strcat_s strchr strcmp strcoll strcpy strcpy_s strcspn strerror strerrorlen_s strerror_s Strings library strlen strncat Thread support call_once cnd_broadcast cnd_destroy cnd_init cnd_signal cnd_timedwait cnd_wait mtx_destroy mtx_init mtx_lock mtx_plain mtx_recursive mtx_timed mtx_timedlock mtx_trylock mtx_unlock once_flag ONCE_FLAG_INIT thrd_busy thrd_create thrd_current thrd_detach thrd_equal thrd_error thrd_exit thrd_join thrd_nomem thrd_sleep thrd_success thrd_timedout thrd_yield Thread support library thread_local tss_create tss_delete TSS_DTOR_ITERATIONS tss_get tss_set Type support Boolean type support library Fixed width integer types FLT_EVAL_METHOD FLT_ROUNDS max_align_t NULL Numeric limits offsetof ptrdiff_t size_t Type support Variadic functions Variadic functions va_arg va_copy va_end va_list va_start
characters

赋值和复合赋值运算符是二元运算符,它们使用右侧的值将变量修改为左侧。

Operator

Operator name

Example

Description

Equivalent of

=

basic assignment

a = b

a becomes equal to b

N/A

+=

addition assignment

a += b

a becomes equal to the addition of a and b

a = a + b

-=

subtraction assignment

a -= b

a becomes equal to the subtraction of b from a

a = a - b

*=

multiplication assignment

a *= b

a becomes equal to the product of a and b

a = a * b

/=

division assignment

a /= b

a becomes equal to the division of a by b

a = a / b

%=

modulo assignment

a %= b

a becomes equal to the remainder of a divided by b

a = a % b

&=

bitwise AND assignment

a &= b

a becomes equal to the bitwise AND of a and b

a = a & b

|=

bitwise OR assignment

a |= b

a becomes equal to the bitwise OR of a and b

a = a | b

^=

bitwise XOR assignment

a ^= b

a becomes equal to the bitwise XOR of a and b

a = a ^ b

<<=

bitwise left shift assignment

a <<= b

a becomes equal to a left shifted by b

a = a << b

=

bitwise right shift assignment

a >>= b

a becomes equal to a right shifted by b

a = a >> b

简单的任务

简单赋值运算符表达式具有这种形式。

lhs = rhs



其中

lhs

-

modifiable lvalue expression of any complete object type

rhs

-

expression of any type implicitly convertible to lhs or compatible with lhs

赋值执行从 rhs 值到 rhs 类型的隐式转换,然后用转换后的 rhs 值替换由 lhs 指定的对象中的值。

赋值也返回与存储的值相同的值lhs(以便可能的表达式a = b = c)。赋值运算符的值类别是非左值(因此表达式(a=b)=c无效)。

rhs 和 lhs 必须满足以下条件之一:

  • lhs 和 rhs 都具有兼容的结构或联合类型,或..

  • rhs 必须可以隐式转换为 lhs,这意味着

    • lhs 和 rhs 都有算术类型,在这种情况下lhs可能是挥发性限定的或原子的

    • lhs和rhs都有指向兼容(忽略限定符)类型的指针,或者其中一个指针是指向void的指针,并且转换不会为指向类型添加限定符。lhs可能是挥发性的或限制性的或原子的。

    • lhs是一个指针(可能是限定的或原子的),rhs是一个空指针常量,如 NULL

    • lhs有类型_Bool(可能是合格的或原子的),rhs是一个指针

注意

如果 rhs 和 lhs 在内存中重叠(例如它们是同一联合的成员),则行为不确定,除非重叠是准确的并且类型是兼容的。

虽然数组不可分配,但是包装在结构中的数组可以分配给具有相同(或兼容)结构类型的另一个对象。

更新 lhs 的副作用在值计算之后进行排序,但不是 lhs和 rhs 本身的副作用以及操作数的评估像往常一样相对于彼此不相关(所以诸如i=++i; 的表达式是未定义的)。

赋值从浮点表达式中剥离了额外的范围和精度(请参阅参考资料FLT_EVAL_METHOD)。

在 C ++中,赋值运算符是左值表达式,而不是 C.

// todo more, demo struct{array} tooconst char **cpp;char *p;const char c = 'A';
 cpp = &p; // Error: char ** is not convertible to const char ***cpp = &c; // OK, char* is convertible to const char**p = 0; // OK, null pointer constant is convertible to any pointer

复合分配

复合赋值运算符表达式具有这种形式。

lhs op rhs



其中

操作

-

* =,/ =%=,+ =  -  =,<< =,>> =,&=,^ =,| =中的一个

lhs,rhs

-

具有算术类型的表达式(其中lhs可以是限定的或原子的),除了当op是+ =或 -  =时,它们也接受与+和 - 相同限制的指针类型,

表达式 lhs @ = rhs 与 lhs =lhs @ (rhs 完全相同),只是 lhs 只被计算一次。

如果 lhs 具有原子类型,则该操作表现为具有内存顺序 memory_order_seq_cst的单个原子读取 - 修改 - 写入操作。对于整数原子类型,复合赋值@ =相当于:T1 * addr =&lhs; T2 val = rhs; T1 old = * addr; T1新; {new = old @ val} while(!atomic_compare_exchange_strong(addr,&old,new);

(自C11以来)

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 6.5.16作业操作员(p:101-104)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 6.5.16作业操作员(p:91-93)

  • C89 / C90标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1990):

    • 3.3.16赋值运算符

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