php设计模式 — 建造者模式，php设计模式

php设计模式 — 建造者模式，php设计模式

需求分析：

我们接到了一个订单，是宝马公司和奔驰公司的，他们负责定义产品的零部件以及型号，我们负责生产，需求简单的描述就是这样。 我们需要为这个需求设计一个设计模式去更好的适应他们的需求。

首先我们需要一个车模型类，来定义好需要的所有零部件，这就叫做抽象类，之所以这样是因为我们还有可能接到更多公司的订单，比如劳斯莱斯，宾利。

然后由各自的车来继承这个抽象类，实现里面的方法。 

接下来就需要一个建造者抽象类，来定义建造各自的车需要的方法

然后由各自车建造者来继承这个抽象类。

我们会想到一个建造模式了，不错，就是建造者模式。用它简直太合适了。看一下建造者的用例图

请注意：此图示例方法部分和我的示例对不上哦。 

直接上代码：

<span>  1</span> <?<span>php
</span><span>  2</span> 
<span>  3</span> <span>abstract</span> <span>class</span><span> carModel{
</span><span>  4</span> 
<span>  5</span>     <span>//</span><span>这里存储所有组装车需要的零件</span>
<span>  6</span>     <span>public</span> <span>$spareParts</span> = <span>array</span><span>();
</span><span>  7</span> 
<span>  8</span>     <span>//</span><span>车的名字</span>
<span>  9</span>     <span>public</span> <span>$carName</span> = ""<span>;
</span><span> 10</span> 
<span> 11</span>     <span>//</span><span>增加轮子部件</span>
<span> 12</span>     <span>public</span> <span>abstract</span> <span>function</span> addLunzi(<span>$xinghao</span><span>);
</span><span> 13</span> 
<span> 14</span>     <span>//</span><span>增加外壳部件</span>
<span> 15</span>     <span>public</span> <span>abstract</span> <span>function</span> addWaike(<span>$xinghao</span><span>);
</span><span> 16</span> 
<span> 17</span>     <span>//</span><span>增加发动机部件</span>
<span> 18</span>     <span>public</span> <span>abstract</span> <span>function</span> addFadongji(<span>$xinghao</span><span>);
</span><span> 19</span> 
<span> 20</span>     <span>//</span><span>获取车，并给车取名字</span>
<span> 21</span>     <span>final</span> <span>public</span> <span>function</span> getCar(<span>$carName</span><span>){
</span><span> 22</span>         <span>if</span>(<span>$this</span>-><span>spareParts){
</span><span> 23</span>             <span>$this</span>->carName = <span>$carName</span><span>;
</span><span> 24</span>             <span>//</span><span>$k 代表部件名字
</span><span> 25</span> <span>            //$v 代表型号</span>
<span> 26</span>             <span>foreach</span>(<span>$this</span>->spareParts <span>as</span> <span>$k</span>=><span>$v</span><span>){
</span><span> 27</span>                 <span>$actionName</span> = "add" . <span>$k</span><span>;
</span><span> 28</span>                 <span>$this</span>-><span>$actionName</span>(<span>$v</span><span>); 
</span><span> 29</span> <span>            }
</span><span> 30</span>         }<span>else</span><span>{
</span><span> 31</span>             <span>throw</span> <span>new</span> <span>Exception</span>("没有汽车部件"<span>);
</span><span> 32</span>             
<span> 33</span> <span>        }
</span><span> 34</span> <span>    }
</span><span> 35</span> <span>}
</span><span> 36</span> 
<span> 37</span> 
<span> 38</span> <span>//</span><span>定义具体的产品</span>
<span> 39</span> <span>class</span> bmwCarModel <span>extends</span><span> carModel{
</span><span> 40</span> 
<span> 41</span>     <span>public</span> <span>$spareParts</span> = <span>array</span><span>();
</span><span> 42</span>     <span>public</span> <span>$carName</span> = ""<span>;
</span><span> 43</span> 
<span> 44</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span> addLunzi(<span>$xinghao</span><span>){
</span><span> 45</span>         <span>echo</span> "宝马".<span>$this</span>->carName."的轮子，型号是" . <span>$xinghao</span> . "\n"<span>;
</span><span> 46</span> <span>    }
</span><span> 47</span> 
<span> 48</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span> addWaike(<span>$xinghao</span><span>){
</span><span> 49</span>         <span>echo</span> "宝马".<span>$this</span>->carName."的外壳，型号是" . <span>$xinghao</span> . "\n"<span>;
</span><span> 50</span> <span>    }
</span><span> 51</span> 
<span> 52</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span> addFadongji(<span>$xinghao</span><span>){
</span><span> 53</span>         <span>echo</span> "宝马".<span>$this</span>->carName."的发动机,型号是 " . <span>$xinghao</span> . "\n"<span>;
</span><span> 54</span> <span>    }
</span><span> 55</span> <span>}
</span><span> 56</span> 
<span> 57</span> 
<span> 58</span> <span>//</span><span>定义具体的产品</span>
<span> 59</span> <span>class</span> benziCarModel <span>extends</span><span> carModel{
</span><span> 60</span> 
<span> 61</span>     <span>public</span> <span>$spareParts</span> = <span>array</span><span>();
</span><span> 62</span>     <span>public</span> <span>$carName</span> = ""<span>;
</span><span> 63</span> 
<span> 64</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span> addLunzi(<span>$xinghao</span><span>){
</span><span> 65</span>         <span>echo</span> "奔驰".<span>$this</span>->carName."的轮子，型号是" . <span>$xinghao</span> . "\n"<span>;
</span><span> 66</span> <span>    }
</span><span> 67</span> 
<span> 68</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span> addWaike(<span>$xinghao</span><span>){
</span><span> 69</span>         <span>echo</span> "奔驰".<span>$this</span>->carName."的外壳，型号是" . <span>$xinghao</span> . "\n"<span>;
</span><span> 70</span> <span>    }
</span><span> 71</span> 
<span> 72</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span> addFadongji(<span>$xinghao</span><span>){
</span><span> 73</span>         <span>echo</span> "奔驰".<span>$this</span>->carName."的发动机,型号是 " . <span>$xinghao</span> . "\n"<span>;
</span><span> 74</span> <span>    }
</span><span> 75</span> <span>}
</span><span> 76</span> 
<span> 77</span> 
<span> 78</span> 
<span> 79</span> <span>//</span><span>定义建造者</span>
<span> 80</span> <span>abstract</span> <span>class</span><span> carBuilder{
</span><span> 81</span>     <span>public</span> <span>abstract</span> <span>function</span> setSpareParts(<span>$partsName</span> , <span>$xinghao</span><span>);
</span><span> 82</span> 
<span> 83</span>     <span>public</span> <span>abstract</span> <span>function</span> getCarModel(<span>$name</span><span>);
</span><span> 84</span> <span>}
</span><span> 85</span> 
<span> 86</span> 
<span> 87</span> <span>class</span> bmwBuilder <span>extends</span><span> carBuilder{
</span><span> 88</span>     <span>private</span> <span>$bmwModel</span><span>;
</span><span> 89</span> 
<span> 90</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span><span> __construct(){
</span><span> 91</span>         <span>$this</span>->bmwModel = <span>new</span><span> bmwCarModel();
</span><span> 92</span> <span>    }
</span><span> 93</span> 
<span> 94</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span> setSpareParts(<span>$partsName</span> , <span>$xinghao</span><span>){
</span><span> 95</span>         <span>$this</span>->bmwModel->spareParts[<span>$partsName</span>] = <span>$xinghao</span><span>;
</span><span> 96</span> <span>    }
</span><span> 97</span> 
<span> 98</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span> getCarModel(<span>$name</span><span>){
</span><span> 99</span>         <span>$this</span>->bmwModel->getCar(<span>$name</span><span>);
</span><span>100</span> <span>    }
</span><span>101</span> <span>}
</span><span>102</span> 
<span>103</span> 
<span>104</span> <span>class</span> benziBuilder <span>extends</span><span> carBuilder{
</span><span>105</span>     <span>private</span> <span>$benziModel</span><span>;
</span><span>106</span> 
<span>107</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span><span> __construct(){
</span><span>108</span>         <span>$this</span>->benziModel = <span>new</span><span> benziCarModel();
</span><span>109</span> <span>    }
</span><span>110</span> 
<span>111</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span> setSpareParts(<span>$partsName</span> , <span>$xinghao</span><span>){
</span><span>112</span>         <span>$this</span>->bmwModel->spareParts[<span>$partsName</span>] = <span>$xinghao</span><span>;
</span><span>113</span> <span>    }
</span><span>114</span> 
<span>115</span>     <span>public</span> <span>function</span> getCarModel(<span>$name</span><span>){
</span><span>116</span>         <span>$this</span>->bmwModel->getCar(<span>$name</span><span>);
</span><span>117</span> <span>    }
</span><span>118</span> <span>}
</span><span>119</span> 
<span>120</span> 
<span>121</span> 
<span>122</span> <span>//</span><span>模拟客户端调用
</span><span>123</span> 
<span>124</span> <span>//创建一辆宝马车，取名字为宝马x1</span>
<span>125</span> 
<span>126</span> <span>$bmwBuilder</span> = <span>new</span><span> bmwBuilder();
</span><span>127</span> <span>$bmwBuilder</span>->setSpareParts('Lunzi' , '牛逼轮子1号'<span>);
</span><span>128</span> <span>$bmwBuilder</span>->setSpareParts('Waike' , '牛逼外壳1号'<span>);
</span><span>129</span> <span>$bmwBuilder</span>->setSpareParts('Fadongji' , '牛逼发动机1号'<span>);
</span><span>130</span> <span>$bmwBuilder</span>->getCarModel("宝马x1"<span>); 
</span><span>131</span> <span>$bmwBuilder</span>->getCarModel("宝马x1");  <span>//</span><span>连续创建两个宝马x1
</span><span>132</span> 
<span>133</span> <span>//再创建一个宝马 没有外壳 取名为 宝马s5</span>
<span>134</span> <span>$bmwBuilder</span> = <span>new</span><span> bmwBuilder();
</span><span>135</span> <span>$bmwBuilder</span>->setSpareParts('Lunzi' , '牛逼轮子2号'<span>);
</span><span>136</span> <span>$bmwBuilder</span>->setSpareParts('Fadongji' , '牛逼发动机2号'<span>);
</span><span>137</span> <span>$bmwBuilder</span>->getCarModel("宝马s5"<span>); 
</span><span>138</span> <span>$bmwBuilder</span>->getCarModel("宝马s5");  <span>//</span><span>连续创建两个宝马x1</span>

代码可以直接运行，你可以试着去生产一辆牛逼的奔驰车哦。 

建造者模式的定义

      建造者模式(Builder Pattern)也叫做生成器模式，其定义如下：

      Separate the construction of a complex object from its representation so that the same construction process can create different representations. 将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。

      建造者模式的通用类图如图所示。

 

在建造者模式中，有如下四个角色：

• Product 产品类

      通常是实现了模板方法模式，也就是有模板方法和基本方法，这个参考上一章节的模板方法模式。在例子中，BenzModel和BMWModel就属于产品类。

• Builder 抽象建造者

      规范产品的组建，一般是由子类实现。在例子中，CarBuilder属于抽象建造者。

• ConcreteBuilder 具体建造者

      实现抽象类定义的所有方法，并且返回一个组件好的对象。在例子中，BenzBuilder和BMWBuilder就属于具体建造者。

• Director 导演

      负责安排已有模块的顺序，然后告诉Builder开始建造，在上面的例子中就是我们的老大，牛叉公司找到老大，说我要这个，这个，那个类型的车辆模型，然后老大就把命令传递给我，我和我的团队就开始拼命的建造，于是一个项目建设完毕了。

PHP设计模式介绍

你不必特别去找'php设计模式',你可以找找‘设计模式’or‘java设计模式’之类的比较好找。因为设计模式并不是针对某个语言而是一种思想，所以你无论是看'php设计模式'or‘java设计模式’or‘设计模式’得到的设计思想都是一样的
 

php设计模式的好处在什地方

如果使用UserFactory，你就不用知道有User类的存在，抽象类帮你隐藏它，以后要是类多了，该模式维护起来就比较方便，建议你去了解抽象工厂模式，工厂模式，工厂方法模式，这些都是为了可复用编程的手段。