Selamat datang ke panduan komprehensif kami tentang mencipta pelbagai corak berongga menggunakan gelung dalam pengaturcaraan C! Dalam tutorial ini, kami akan melalui arahan langkah demi langkah tentang cara melukis 18 corak berongga yang berbeza. Corak ini terdiri daripada bentuk asas seperti segi empat sama dan segi tiga kepada bentuk yang lebih kompleks seperti berlian, heksagon dan pentagon. Setiap corak dicipta menggunakan gelung bersarang, menjadikannya latihan yang sangat baik untuk pemula untuk mempraktikkan struktur kawalan dalam C. Mari selami!
Anda boleh menemui semua kod dalam repositori GitHub kami.
Sebelum kita mula dengan corak, adalah penting untuk memahami konsep gelung bersarang. Gelung bersarang ialah gelung di dalam gelung lain. Struktur ini amat berguna untuk mengendalikan tatasusunan berbilang dimensi dan untuk menjana corak. Dalam C, struktur gelung bersarang biasa kelihatan seperti ini:
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { // Code to execute } }
Penjelasan:
int n = 5; // size of the square char ch = '*'; printf("1. Hollow Square:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { if (i == 0 || i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == n - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Penjelasan:
printf("2. Hollow Right Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * *
Penjelasan:
printf("3. Hollow Inverted Right Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n; j > i; j--) { if (i == 0 || j == n || j == i + 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * *
Penjelasan:
printf("4. Hollow Right Aligned Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * *
Penjelasan:
printf("5. Hollow Right Aligned Inverted Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 1; j < i + 1; j++) { printf(" "); } for (int j = n; j > i; j--) { if (i == 0 || j == n || j == i + 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * *
Penjelasan:
printf("6. Hollow Right Pascal Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { if (j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n; j > i + 1; j--) { if (j == n || j == i + 2) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Penjelasan:
printf("7. Hollow Left Pascal Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { if (j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { printf(" "); } for (int j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { if (j == n - 1 || j == i + 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Penjelasan:
printf("8. Hollow Equilateral Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < 2 * i + 1; j++) { if (j == 0 || j == 2 * i || i == n - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Penjelasan:
printf("9. Hollow Inverted Equilateral Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 2 * n - 1; j > 2 * i; j--) { if (j == 2 * n - 1 || j == 2 * i + 1 || i == 0) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("10. Hollow Pyramid:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < (2 * i + 1); j++) { if (i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == i * 2 ) { printf("%c", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * *********
Explanation:
printf("11. Hollow Inverted Pyramid:\n"); for (i = n; i > 0; i--) { for (j = n - i; j > 0; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < (2 * i - 1); j++) { if (j == 0 || i == n || j == (i-1) * 2 ) { printf("%c", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
********* * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("12. Hollow Diamond:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { if (j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { printf(" "); } for (j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { if (j == n - 1 || j == i + 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("13. Hollow Hourglass:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < (n - i) ; j++) { if (j == 0 || i == 0 || j == n - i - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (i = 1; i < n; i++) { for (j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < (i + 1); j++) { if (i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("14. Hollow Rhombus:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { if (i == 0 || i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == n - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("15. Hollow Parallelogram:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < n * 2; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || i == 0 || j == 0 || j == n * 2 - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("16. Hollow Hexagon:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) { for (j = n / 2 - i; j > 0; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < n + 1 * i; j++) { if ( i == 0 || j == 0 || j == n * i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (i = n / 2; i >= 0; i--) { for (j = 0; j < n / 2 - i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < n + i; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || i == 0 || j == 0 || j == n + i - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("17. Hollow Pentagon:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n+1; i++) { for (j = n ; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < (i + 1); j++) { if ( j == 0 || i == 0 || j == i ) { printf(" %c", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (i = n / 2; i >= 0; i--) { for (j = 0; j < n / 2 - i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < n + i; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || i == 0 || j == 0 || j == n + i - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("18. Hollow Inverted Pentagon:\n"); for (int i = 0; i <= n / 2; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n / 2 - i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < n + i; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || i == 0 || j == 0 || j == n + i - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (int i = n + 1; i > 0; i--) { for (int j = n + 2; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) { if ( j == 0 || j == i - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
In conclusion, we have explored a variety of patterns using loops and conditional statements in C, each producing different geometric shapes and designs. These patterns include solid and hollow variants of squares, triangles, pyramids, diamonds, hourglasses, rhombuses, parallelograms, hexagons, and pentagons. Understanding and implementing these patterns helps to strengthen programming logic, loop constructs, and conditionals, which are fundamental concepts in computer science.
By practicing these patterns, you can enhance your problem-solving skills and improve your ability to visualize and implement complex patterns in code. These exercises also provide a solid foundation for more advanced programming tasks and algorithms.
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