Prakata: Selepas mempelajari JavaScript, anda boleh menggunakan JavaScript untuk mencapai beberapa kesan yang menarik. Artikel ini menerangkan cara menggunakan JavaScript semata-mata untuk melaksanakan labah-labah elektronik pada halaman web.
Sebelum kita mula belajar cara menulis labah-labah web, mari kita lihat rupa labah-labah elektronik ini:
Anda dapat melihat bahawa ia akan bergerak dengan tetikus kami, jadi bagaimana anda mencapai kesan ini? Mari kita mula menerangkan.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Dreaming</title>
<!-- External JavaScript files -->
<script src=".test.js"></script>
<style>
/* Remove default padding and margins from body */
body {
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
position: fixed;
/* Set the background color of webpage to black */
background: rgb(0, 0, 0);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Create a canvas for drawing -->
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
</body>
</html>
Seperti yang anda lihat kod HTML kami adalah sangat mudah, mari kita mula mengerjakannya!
Sebelum anda mula menulis kod JavaScript, buat rancangan:
Apabila halaman dimuatkan, elemen kanvas dan konteks lukisan dimulakan.
Takrifkan objek sesungut . Setiap sesungut terdiri daripada berbilang segmen.
Dengar peristiwa pergerakan tetikus dan kemas kini kedudukan tetikus dalam masa nyata.
Sesungut dilukis melalui gelung animasi, dan ia berubah secara dinamik mengikut kedudukan tetikus, menghasilkan kesan animasi yang lancar.
Proses umum ialah langkah di atas, tetapi saya percaya anda mungkin tidak memahami proses di atas sebelum anda menyelesaikan penulisan kod ini, tetapi tidak mengapa, jadi mari kita mula menulis labah-labah web kami:
Prakata: Untuk membantu anda memahami logik kod dengan lebih baik, saya telah menambahkan ulasan pada setiap kod. Saya harap anda dapat memahami kod itu sedikit demi sedikit dengan bantuan ulasan:
// Define requestAnimFrame function
window.requestAnimFrame = function () {
// Check if the browser supports requestAnimFrame function
return (
window.requestAnimationFrame ||
window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.mozRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.oRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.msRequestAnimationFrame ||
// If all these options are unavailable, use setTimeout to call the callback function
function (callback) {
window.setTimeout(callback)
}
)
}
// Initialization function to get canvas element and return related information
function init(elemid) {
// Get canvas element
let canvas = document.getElementById(elemid)
// Get 2d drawing context, note that 'd' is lowercase
c = canvas.getContext('2d')
// Set canvas width to window inner width and height to window inner height
w = (canvas.width = window.innerWidth)
h = (canvas.height = window.innerHeight)
// Set fill style to semi-transparent black
c.fillStyle = "rgba(30,30,30,1)"
// Fill the entire canvas with the fill style
c.fillRect(0, 0, w, h)
// Return drawing context and canvas element
return { c: c, canvas: canvas }
}
// Execute function when page is fully loaded
window.onload = function () {
// Get drawing context and canvas element
let c = init("canvas").c,
canvas = init("canvas").canvas,
// Set canvas width to window inner width and height to window inner height
w = (canvas.width = window.innerWidth),
h = (canvas.height = window.innerHeight),
// Initialize mouse object
mouse = { x: false, y: false },
last_mouse = {}
// Function to calculate distance between two points
function dist(p1x, p1y, p2x, p2y) {
return Math.sqrt(Math.pow(p2x - p1x, 2) + Math.pow(p2y - p1y, 2))
}
// Define segment class
class segment {
// Constructor to initialize segment object
constructor(parent, l, a, first) {
// If it's the first tentacle segment, position is the tentacle top position
// Otherwise, position is the nextPos coordinates of the previous segment object
this.first = first
if (first) {
this.pos = {
x: parent.x,
y: parent.y,
}
} else {
this.pos = {
x: parent.nextPos.x,
y: parent.nextPos.y,
}
}
// Set segment length and angle
this.l = l
this.ang = a
// Calculate coordinates for the next segment
this.nextPos = {
x: this.pos.x + this.l * Math.cos(this.ang),
y: this.pos.y + this.l * Math.sin(this.ang),
}
}
// Method to update segment position
update(t) {
// Calculate angle between segment and target point
this.ang = Math.atan2(t.y - this.pos.y, t.x - this.pos.x)
// Update position coordinates based on target point and angle
this.pos.x = t.x + this.l * Math.cos(this.ang - Math.PI)
this.pos.y = t.y + this.l * Math.sin(this.ang - Math.PI)
// Update nextPos coordinates based on new position coordinates
this.nextPos.x = this.pos.x + this.l * Math.cos(this.ang)
this.nextPos.y = this.pos.y + this.l * Math.sin(this.ang)
}
// Method to return segment to initial position
fallback(t) {
// Set position coordinates to target point coordinates
this.pos.x = t.x
this.pos.y = t.y
this.nextPos.x = this.pos.x + this.l * Math.cos(this.ang)
this.nextPos.y = this.pos.y + this.l * Math.sin(this.ang)
}
show() {
c.lineTo(this.nextPos.x, this.nextPos.y)
}
}
// Define tentacle class
class tentacle {
// Constructor to initialize tentacle object
constructor(x, y, l, n, a) {
// Set tentacle top position coordinates
this.x = x
this.y = y
// Set tentacle length
this.l = l
// Set number of tentacle segments
this.n = n
// Initialize tentacle target point object
this.t = {}
// Set random movement parameter for tentacle
this.rand = Math.random()
// Create first segment of the tentacle
this.segments = [new segment(this, this.l / this.n, 0, true)]
// Create other segments
for (let i = 1; i < this.n; i++) {
this.segments.push(
new segment(this.segments[i - 1], this.l / this.n, 0, false)
)
}
}
// Method to move tentacle to target point
move(last_target, target) {
// Calculate angle between tentacle top and target point
this.angle = Math.atan2(target.y - this.y, target.x - this.x)
// Calculate tentacle distance parameter
this.dt = dist(last_target.x, last_target.y, target.x, target.y)
// Calculate tentacle target point coordinates
this.t = {
x: target.x - 0.8 * this.dt * Math.cos(this.angle),
y: target.y - 0.8 * this.dt * Math.sin(this.angle)
}
// If target point is calculated, update position coordinates of last segment object
// Otherwise, update position coordinates of last segment object to target point coordinates
if (this.t.x) {
this.segments[this.n - 1].update(this.t)
} else {
this.segments[this.n - 1].update(target)
}
// Iterate through all segment objects, update their position coordinates
for (let i = this.n - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
this.segments[i].update(this.segments[i + 1].pos)
}
if (
dist(this.x, this.y, target.x, target.y) <=
this.l + dist(last_target.x, last_target.y, target.x, target.y)
) {
this.segments[0].fallback({ x: this.x, y: this.y })
for (let i = 1; i < this.n; i++) {
this.segments[i].fallback(this.segments[i - 1].nextPos)
}
}
}
show(target) {
// If distance between tentacle and target point is less than tentacle length, draw tentacle
if (dist(this.x, this.y, target.x, target.y) <= this.l) {
// Set global composite operation to "lighter"
c.globalCompositeOperation = "lighter"
// Begin new path
c.beginPath()
// Start drawing line from tentacle starting position
c.moveTo(this.x, this.y)
// Iterate through all segment objects and use their show method to draw lines
for (let i = 0; i < this.n; i++) {
this.segments[i].show()
}
// Set line style
c.strokeStyle = "hsl(" + (this.rand * 60 + 180) +
",100%," + (this.rand * 60 + 25) + "%)"
// Set line width
c.lineWidth = this.rand * 2
// Set line cap style
c.lineCap = "round"
// Set line join style
c.lineJoin = "round"
// Draw line
c.stroke()
// Set global composite operation to "source-over"
c.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over"
}
}
// Method to draw tentacle's circular head
show2(target) {
// Begin new path
c.beginPath()
// If distance between tentacle and target point is less than tentacle length, draw white circle
// Otherwise draw cyan circle
if (dist(this.x, this.y, target.x, target.y) <= this.l) {
c.arc(this.x, this.y, 2 * this.rand + 1, 0, 2 * Math.PI)
c.fillStyle = "white"
} else {
c.arc(this.x, this.y, this.rand * 2, 0, 2 * Math.PI)
c.fillStyle = "darkcyan"
}
// Fill circle
c.fill()
}
}
// Initialize variables
let maxl = 400, // Maximum tentacle length
minl = 50, // Minimum tentacle length
n = 30, // Number of tentacle segments
numt = 600, // Number of tentacles
tent = [], // Array of tentacles
clicked = false, // Whether mouse is pressed
target = { x: 0, y: 0 }, // Tentacle target point
last_target = {}, // Previous tentacle target point
t = 0, // Current time
q = 10; // Step length for each tentacle movement
// Create tentacle objects
for (let i = 0; i < numt; i++) {
tent.push(
new tentacle(
Math.random() * w, // Tentacle x-coordinate
Math.random() * h, // Tentacle y-coordinate
Math.random() * (maxl - minl) + minl, // Tentacle length
n, // Number of tentacle segments
Math.random() * 2 * Math.PI, // Tentacle angle
)
)
}
// Method to draw image
function draw() {
// If mouse moves, calculate deviation between tentacle target point and current point
if (mouse.x) {
target.errx = mouse.x - target.x
target.erry = mouse.y - target.y
} else {
// Otherwise, calculate x-coordinate of tentacle target point
target.errx =
w / 2 +
((h / 2 - q) * Math.sqrt(2) * Math.cos(t)) /
(Math.pow(Math.sin(t), 2) + 1) -
target.x;
target.erry =
h / 2 +
((h / 2 - q) * Math.sqrt(2) * Math.cos(t) * Math.sin(t)) /
(Math.pow(Math.sin(t), 2) + 1) -
target.y;
}
// Update tentacle target point coordinates
target.x += target.errx / 10
target.y += target.erry / 10
// Update time
t += 0.01;
// Draw tentacle target point
c.beginPath();
c.arc(
target.x,
target.y,
dist(last_target.x, last_target.y, target.x, target.y) + 5,
0,
2 * Math.PI
);
c.fillStyle = "hsl(210,100%,80%)"
c.fill();
// Draw center points of all tentacles
for (i = 0; i < numt; i++) {
tent[i].move(last_target, target)
tent[i].show2(target)
}
// Draw all tentacles
for (i = 0; i < numt; i++) {
tent[i].show(target)
}
// Update previous tentacle target point coordinates
last_target.x = target.x
last_target.y = target.y
}
// Function to loop animation drawing
function loop() {
// Use requestAnimFrame function to loop
window.requestAnimFrame(loop)
// Clear canvas
c.clearRect(0, 0, w, h)
// Draw animation
draw()
}
// Listen for window resize event
window.addEventListener("resize", function () {
// Reset canvas size
w = canvas.width = window.innerWidth
h = canvas.height = window.innerHeight
// Loop animation drawing function
loop()
})
// Loop animation drawing function
loop()
// Use setInterval function to loop
setInterval(loop, 1000 / 60)
// Listen for mouse move event
canvas.addEventListener("mousemove", function (e) {
// Record previous mouse position
last_mouse.x = mouse.x
last_mouse.y = mouse.y
// Update current mouse position
mouse.x = e.pageX - this.offsetLeft
mouse.y = e.pageY - this.offsetTop
}, false)
// Listen for mouse leave event
canvas.addEventListener("mouseleave", function (e) {
// Set mouse to false
mouse.x = false
mouse.y = false
})
}
Di sini saya menyusun secara kasar proses kod di atas:
Fasa permulaan
Definisi objek sesungut
Kaedah utama sesungut ialah:
bergerak: Kemas kini kedudukan setiap segmen mengikut kedudukan tetikus.
tunjukkan: Lukiskan laluan sesungut.
Pemantauan acara
Gelung animasi
drawFunction : Ini ialah fungsi rekursif yang digunakan untuk mencipta kesan animasi.
Tingkah Laku Sesungut
Dengan cara ini, anda telah menyelesaikan penghasilan labah-labah elektronik!!!
Akhir sekali, mari kita lihat kesan akhir:
Atas ialah kandungan terperinci Projek Penyegaran Bahagian Depan - Labah-labah Elektronik. Untuk maklumat lanjut, sila ikut artikel berkaitan lain di laman web China PHP!
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