Bagaimana untuk Melaksanakan Mekanisme Cooldown untuk Mencegah Tembakan Peluru Berlebihan?

Cara Mencegah Tembakan Berbilang Peluru Secara Serentak

Dalam kod asal, berbilang peluru dilepaskan serentak disebabkan fakta bahawa pygame Fungsi .key.get_pressed() mengembalikan Benar selama kekunci ditekan ke bawah. Tingkah laku ini sesuai untuk mengawal pergerakan pemain tetapi bukan untuk menembak peluru, di mana anda mahu hanya satu peluru dilepaskan setiap kali kekunci ditekan.

Untuk menyelesaikan isu ini, kami boleh memanfaatkan pygame.KEYDOWN peristiwa, yang berlaku sekali sahaja apabila kekunci pada mulanya ditekan. Dengan menggunakan acara ini dan bukannya pygame.key.get_pressed(), kami boleh memastikan bahawa hanya satu peluru dilepaskan apabila bar ruang ditekan.

Selain itu, kami boleh melaksanakan mekanisme penyejukan mudah untuk mengelakkan peluru tembakan pantas. menembak. Ini boleh dilakukan dengan memperkenalkan pembolehubah yang dipanggil next_bullet_threshold, yang mewakili masa terawal peluru seterusnya boleh dilepaskan. Setiap kali peluru dilepaskan, kami mengemas kini next_bullet_threshold kepada masa semasa serta tempoh bertenang yang diingini. Dengan menyemak sama ada masa semasa lebih besar daripada next_bullet_threshold, kami boleh menghalang sebarang peluru daripada dilepaskan di luar tempoh bertenang yang diingini.

Berikut ialah kod yang diubah suai dengan mekanisme bertenang yang dilaksanakan:

<code class="python">import pygame
pygame.init()

red = 255,0,0
blue = 0,0,255
black = 0,0,0

screenWidth = 800
screenHeight = 600

gameDisplay = pygame.display.set_mode((screenWidth,screenHeight))        ## screen width and height
pygame.display.set_caption('JUST SOME BLOCKS')       ## set my title of the window

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

class player():       ## has all of my attributes for player 1
    def __init__(self,x,y,width,height):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.height = height
        self.width = width
        self.vel = 5
        self.left = False
        self.right = False
        self.up = False
        self.down = False

class projectile():     ## projectile attributes
    def __init__(self,x,y,radius,colour,facing):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.radius = radius
        self.facing = facing
        self.colour = colour
        self.vel = 8 * facing       # speed of bullet * the direction (-1 or 1)

    def draw(self,gameDisplay):
        pygame.draw.circle(gameDisplay, self.colour , (self.x,self.y),self.radius)      ## put a 1 after that to make it so the circle is just an outline

def redrawGameWindow():
    for bullet in bullets:      ## draw bullets
        bullet.draw(gameDisplay)

    pygame.display.update()   

#mainloop

player1 = player(300,410,50,70)     # moves the stuff from the class (when variables are user use player1.var)
bullets = []

run = True
next_bullet_threshold = 0  # Initialize the cooldown threshold
bullet_cooldown = 500  # Set the desired cooldown period in milliseconds
while run == True:
    clock.tick(27)
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False

    for bullet in bullets:
        if bullet.x < screenWidth and bullet.x > 0 and bullet.y < screenHeight and bullet.y > 0: ## makes sure bullet does not go off screen
            bullet.x += bullet.vel
        else:
            bullets.pop(bullets.index(bullet))


    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()     ## check if a key has been pressed

    ## red player movement   
    if keys[pygame.K_w] and player1.y > player1.vel:    ## check if that key has been pressed down (this will check for w)     and checks for boundry
        player1.y -= player1.vel            ## move the shape in a direction
        player1.up = True
        player1.down = False

    if keys[pygame.K_a] and player1.x > player1.vel:      ### this is for a 
        player1.x -= player1.vel
        player1.left = True
        player1.right = False

    if keys[pygame.K_s] and player1.y < screenHeight - player1.height - player1.vel: ## this is for s
        player1.y += player1.vel
        player1.down = True
        player1.up = False

    if keys[pygame.K_d] and player1.x < screenWidth - player1.width - player1.vel:   ## this is for d                          
        player1.x += player1.vel
        player1.right = True
        player1.left = False

    if keys[pygame.K_SPACE]:     # shooting with the space bar
        current_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        if current_time >= next_bullet_threshold:  # Check the cooldown timer
            if player1.left == True:   ## handles the direction of the bullet
                facing = -1
            else:
                facing = 1  

            if len(bullets) < 5:    ## max amounts of bullets on screen
                bullets.append(projectile(player1.x + player1.width //2 ,player1.y + player1.height//2,6,black,facing))   ##just like calling upon a function
                next_bullet_threshold = current_time + bullet_cooldown  # Update cooldown timer


    ## level


    gameDisplay.fill((0,255,0))        ### will stop the shape from spreading around and will have a background
    pygame.draw.rect(gameDisplay,(red),(player1.x,player1.y,player1.width,player1.height))  ## draw player
    pygame.display.update()
    redrawGameWindow()

pygame.quit()</code>

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