React menawarkan dua cangkuk utama untuk menguruskan keadaan: useState dan useReducer. Walaupun kedua-duanya direka bentuk untuk mengendalikan keadaan dalam komponen berfungsi, ia digunakan dalam senario yang berbeza. Artikel ini meneroka perbezaan antara kedua-duanya dan menyerlahkan masa anda harus menggunakan setiap satu, dengan contoh untuk pemahaman yang lebih baik
useState ialah cangkuk yang mudah dan berkesan untuk mengendalikan keadaan setempat apabila:
Sintaks Asas
const [state, setState] = useState(initialState);
useReducer berguna apabila:
Sintaks Asas
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState);
Sintaks Asas
const reducer = (state, action) => { switch (action.type) { case 'INCREMENT': return { count: state.count + 1 }; case 'DECREMENT': return { count: state.count - 1 }; default: return state; } }
Tindakan: Tindakan ialah objek yang menerangkan perubahan yang sepatutnya berlaku
Ia biasanya mempunyai sifat jenis dan secara pilihan muatan.
jenis memberitahu pengurang jenis perubahan keadaan yang perlu dibuat.
muatan membawa sebarang data tambahan yang diperlukan untuk perubahan.
InitialState:Keadaan awal , sama seperti initialstate dalam useState.
const [state, setState] = useState(initialState);
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState);
Mari kembangkan konsep untuk mengendalikan borang dengan berbilang medan input. Senario ini sesuai untuk useReducer kerana ia mengemas kini berbilang sifat keadaan berdasarkan tindakan.
const reducer = (state, action) => { switch (action.type) { case 'INCREMENT': return { count: state.count + 1 }; case 'DECREMENT': return { count: state.count - 1 }; default: return state; } }
Nota: penggayaan telah dilakukan dengan tailwindcss
import React, { useState } from 'react'; export default function Counter() { const [count, setCount] = useState(0); return ( <div> <p>Count: {count}</p> <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>Increment</button> <button onClick={() => setCount(count - 1)}>Decrement</button> </div> ); }
*keadaan awal dengan useReducer
import React, { useReducer } from 'react'; function reducer(state, action) { switch (action.type) { case 'increment': return { count: state.count + 1 }; case 'decrement': return { count: state.count - 1 }; default: return state; } } export default function Counter() { const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, { count: 0 }); return ( <div> <p>Count: {state.count}</p> <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'increment' })}>Increment</button> <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'decrement' })}>Decrement</button> </div> ); }
import React, { useReducer } from 'react'; const initialState = { name: '', email: '' }; function reducer(state, action) { switch (action.type) { case 'setName': return { ...state, name: action.payload }; case 'setEmail': return { ...state, email: action.payload }; default: return state; } } export default function Form() { const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState); return ( <div> <input type="text" value={state.name} onChange={(e) => dispatch({ type: 'setName', payload: e.target.value })} placeholder="Name" /> <input type="email" value={state.email} onChange={(e) => dispatch({ type: 'setEmail', payload: e.target.value })} placeholder="Email" /> <p>Name: {state.name}</p> <p>Email: {state.email}</p> </div> ); }
import React, { useReducer } from 'react'; // Quiz data with detailed explanations const quizData = [ { question: "What hook is used to handle complex state logic in React?", options: ["useState", "useReducer", "useEffect", "useContext"], correct: 1, explanation: "useReducer is specifically designed for complex state management scenarios." }, { question: "Which function updates the state in useReducer?", options: ["setState", "dispatch", "update", "setReducer"], correct: 1, explanation: "dispatch is the function provided by useReducer to trigger state updates." }, { question: "What pattern is useReducer based on?", options: ["Observer Pattern", "Redux Pattern", "Factory Pattern", "Module Pattern"], correct: 1, explanation: "useReducer is inspired by Redux's state management pattern." } ]; // Initial state with feedback state added const initialState = { currentQuestion: 0, score: 0, showScore: false, selectedOption: null, showFeedback: false, // New state for showing answer feedback }; // Enhanced reducer with feedback handling const reducer = (state, action) => { switch (action.type) { case 'SELECT_OPTION': return { ...state, selectedOption: action.payload, showFeedback: true, // Show feedback when option is selected }; case 'NEXT_QUESTION': const isCorrect = action.payload === quizData[state.currentQuestion].correct; const nextQuestion = state.currentQuestion + 1; return { ...state, score: isCorrect ? state.score + 1 : state.score, currentQuestion: nextQuestion, showScore: nextQuestion === quizData.length, selectedOption: null, showFeedback: false, // Reset feedback for next question }; case 'RESTART': return initialState; default: return state; } }; const Quiz = () => { const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState); const { currentQuestion, score, showScore, selectedOption, showFeedback } = state; const handleOptionClick = (optionIndex) => { dispatch({ type: 'SELECT_OPTION', payload: optionIndex }); }; const handleNext = () => { if (selectedOption !== null) { dispatch({ type: 'NEXT_QUESTION', payload: selectedOption }); } }; const handleRestart = () => { dispatch({ type: 'RESTART' }); }; if (showScore) { return ( <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center min-h-screen bg-gray-100 p-4"> <div className="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-lg p-8 max-w-md w-full"> <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold text-center mb-4">Quiz Complete!</h2> <p className="text-xl text-center mb-6"> Your score: {score} out of {quizData.length} </p> <button onClick={handleRestart} className="w-full bg-blue-500 text-white py-2 px-4 rounded hover:bg-blue-600 transition-colors" > Restart Quiz </button> </div> </div> ); } const currentQuizData = quizData[currentQuestion]; const isCorrectAnswer = (optionIndex) => optionIndex === currentQuizData.correct; return ( <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center min-h-screen bg-gray-100 p-4"> <div className="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-lg p-8 max-w-md w-full"> <div className="mb-6"> <p className="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-2"> Question {currentQuestion + 1}/{quizData.length} </p> <h2 className="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">{currentQuizData.question}</h2> </div> <div className="space-y-3 mb-6"> {currentQuizData.options.map((option, index) => { let buttonStyle = 'bg-gray-50 hover:bg-gray-100'; if (showFeedback && selectedOption === index) { buttonStyle = isCorrectAnswer(index) ? 'bg-green-100 border-2 border-green-500 text-green-700' : 'bg-red-100 border-2 border-red-500 text-red-700'; } return ( <button key={index} onClick={() => handleOptionClick(index)} disabled={showFeedback} className={`w-full p-3 text-left rounded-lg transition-colors ${buttonStyle}`} > {option} </button> ); })} </div> {showFeedback && ( <div className={`p-4 rounded-lg mb-4 ${ isCorrectAnswer(selectedOption) ? 'bg-green-50 text-green-800' : 'bg-red-50 text-red-800' }`}> {isCorrectAnswer(selectedOption) ? "Correct! " : `Incorrect. The correct answer was: ${currentQuizData.options[currentQuizData.correct]}. `} {currentQuizData.explanation} </div> )} <button onClick={handleNext} disabled={!showFeedback} className={`w-full py-2 px-4 rounded transition-colors ${ !showFeedback ? 'bg-gray-300 cursor-not-allowed' : 'bg-blue-500 text-white hover:bg-blue-600' }`} > Next Question </button> </div> </div> ); }; export default Quiz;
// Initial state const initialState = { currentQuestion: 0, score: 0, showScore: false, selectedOption: null, showFeedback: false, // New state for feedback };
*Memaparkan sama ada jawapan itu betul atau salah
*Menunjukkan jawapan yang betul jika salah
*Termasuk penjelasan
Feature | useState | useReducer |
---|---|---|
Best for | Simple state | Complex state logic |
State Management | Direct, using setState | Managed through a reducer function |
Boilerplate Code | Minimal | Requires more setup |
State Update | Inline with setState | Managed by dispatch and reducer |
Kedua-dua useState dan useReducer ialah cangkuk berkuasa untuk menguruskan keadaan dalam komponen berfungsi. useState paling sesuai untuk keadaan mudah, manakala useReducer bersinar apabila mengendalikan senario yang lebih kompleks di mana kemas kini keadaan berkait rapat. Memilih yang betul bergantung pada kerumitan keadaan yang perlu anda uruskan.
Atas ialah kandungan terperinci useReducer dan bagaimana ia berbeza daripada useState. Untuk maklumat lanjut, sila ikut artikel berkaitan lain di laman web China PHP!