Membina sistem kain pertama anda dengan Python dan Openai

Tutorial ini membimbing anda melalui membina sistem Generasi Tambahan (RAG) pengambilan semula menggunakan Python dan OpenAI. RAG meningkatkan respons AI dengan mendapatkan maklumat yang relevan dari dokumen anda sebelum menghasilkan jawapan - pada dasarnya, membiarkan "kajian" AI terlebih dahulu.

Apa yang akan anda pelajari:

Membina sistem kain dari awal.
Penyediaan Dokumen dan Pemprosesan untuk RAG.
Menggunakan embeddings terbuka.
Membuat sistem pengambilan asas.
Mengintegrasikan dengan Api Openai.

Struktur Projek:

<code>rag-project/
│
├── src/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── document_loader.py
│   ├── text_processor.py
│   ├── embeddings_manager.py
│   ├── retrieval_system.py
│   └── rag_system.py
│
├── data/
│   └── documents/
│
├── requirements.txt
├── test.py
├── README.md
└── .env</code>

Langkah 1: Persediaan Alam Sekitar:

Buat persekitaran maya:
1. (pada Windows: ) python -m venv venv venvScriptsactivate mengaktifkannya:
2. source venv/bin/activate Pasang pakej:
3. pip install openai python-dotenv numpy pandas Buat
:
4. requirements.txt

<code>openai==1.12.0
python-dotenv==1.0.0
numpy==1.24.3
pandas==2.1.0</code>

Konfigurasi

:
5. .env

<code>OPENAI_API_KEY=your_api_key_here</code>

Langkah 2: Pemuatan Dokumen ():

src/document_loader.py

Langkah 3: Pemprosesan Teks ():

<code class="language-python">import os
from typing import List

class DocumentLoader:
    def __init__(self, documents_path: str):
        self.documents_path = documents_path

    def load_documents(self) -> List[str]:
        documents = []
        for filename in os.listdir(self.documents_path):
            if filename.endswith('.txt'):
                with open(os.path.join(self.documents_path, filename), 'r') as file:
                    documents.append(file.read())
        return documents</code>

src/text_processor.py Langkah 4: Penciptaan Embeddings (

):

<code class="language-python">from typing import List

class TextProcessor:
    def __init__(self, chunk_size: int = 1000):
        self.chunk_size = chunk_size

    def split_into_chunks(self, text: str) -> List[str]:
        words = text.split()
        chunks = []
        current_chunk = []
        current_size = 0

        for word in words:
            if current_size + len(word) > self.chunk_size:
                chunks.append(' '.join(current_chunk))
                current_chunk = [word]
                current_size = len(word)
            else:
                current_chunk.append(word)
                current_size += len(word) + 1

        if current_chunk:
            chunks.append(' '.join(current_chunk))

        return chunks</code>

src/embeddings_manager.py Langkah 5: Sistem pengambilan semula ():

<code class="language-python">from typing import List
import openai
import numpy as np

class EmbeddingsManager:
    def __init__(self, api_key: str):
        openai.api_key = api_key

    def create_embeddings(self, texts: List[str]) -> List[np.ndarray]:
        embeddings = []
        for text in texts:
            response = openai.embeddings.create(
                model="text-embedding-ada-002",
                input=text
            )
            embeddings.append(np.array(response.data[0].embedding))
        return embeddings</code>

src/retrieval_system.py Langkah 6: Integrasi Openai ():

<code class="language-python">import numpy as np
from typing import List, Tuple

class RetrievalSystem:
    def __init__(self, chunks: List[str], embeddings: List[np.ndarray]):
        self.chunks = chunks
        self.embeddings = embeddings

    def find_similar_chunks(self, query_embedding: np.ndarray, top_k: int = 3) -> List[Tuple[str, float]]:
        similarities = []
        for i, embedding in enumerate(self.embeddings):
            similarity = np.dot(query_embedding, embedding) / (
                np.linalg.norm(query_embedding) * np.linalg.norm(embedding)
            )
            similarities.append((self.chunks[i], similarity))

        return sorted(similarities, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)[:top_k]</code>

Langkah 7: Penggunaan Sistem (): src/rag_system.py

Sampel tempat

<code class="language-python">import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from typing import List
import openai

from .document_loader import DocumentLoader
from .text_processor import TextProcessor
from .embeddings_manager import EmbeddingsManager
from .retrieval_system import RetrievalSystem

class RAGSystem:
    def __init__(self):
        load_dotenv()
        self.api_key = os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY')
        self.loader = DocumentLoader('data/documents')
        self.processor = TextProcessor()
        self.embeddings_manager = EmbeddingsManager(self.api_key)

        # Initialize system
        self.initialize_system()

    def initialize_system(self):
        # Load and process documents
        documents = self.loader.load_documents()
        self.chunks = []
        for doc in documents:
            self.chunks.extend(self.processor.split_into_chunks(doc))

        # Create embeddings
        self.embeddings = self.embeddings_manager.create_embeddings(self.chunks)

        # Initialize retrieval system
        self.retrieval_system = RetrievalSystem(self.chunks, self.embeddings)

    def answer_question(self, question: str) -> str:
        # Get question embedding
        question_embedding = self.embeddings_manager.create_embeddings([question])[0]

        # Get relevant chunks
        relevant_chunks = self.retrieval_system.find_similar_chunks(question_embedding)

        # Prepare context
        context = "\n".join([chunk[0] for chunk in relevant_chunks])

        # Create prompt
        prompt = f"""Context: {context}\n\nQuestion: {question}\n\nAnswer:"""

        # Get response from OpenAI
        response = openai.chat.completions.create(
            model="gpt-4-turbo-preview",
            messages=[
                {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Use the provided context to answer the question."},
                {"role": "user", "content": prompt}
            ]
        )

        return response.choices[0].message.content</code>

Dokumen dalam

. Kemudian, jalan : test.py

Kesimpulan: .txt data/documents test.py Ini menyediakan sistem RAG asas. Penambahbaikan masa depan boleh merangkumi peningkatan yang dipertingkatkan, menyemai caching, pengendalian ralat, kejuruteraan cepat, dan integrasi pangkalan data vektor. Ingatlah untuk menguruskan kunci API OpenAI anda dengan selamat dan memantau penggunaan.

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