smarty foreach详解

{foreach}is used to loop over an  associative arrayas well a numerically-indexed array, unlike  {section} which is for looping over  numerically-indexed arrays only. The syntax for  {foreach}is much easier than  {section} , but as a tradeoff it  can only be used for a single array. Every {foreach}tag must be paired with a closing  {/foreach}tag.

{foreach} 用于像循环访问一个数字索引数组一样循环访问一个关联数组，与仅能访问数字索引数组的{section}不同，{foreach}的语法比 {section}的语法简单得多，但是作为一个折衷方案也仅能用于单个数组。每个{foreach}标记必须与关闭标记{/foreach}成对出现。

Attribute Name属性名称	Type类型	Required必要	Default默认值	Description描述
from	array数组	Yes必要	n/a	The array you are looping through循环访问的数组
item	string字符串	Yes必要	n/a	The name of the variable that is the current element当前元素的变量名
key	string字符串	No可选	n/a	The name of the variable that is the current key当前键名的变量名
name	string字符	No可选	n/a	The name of the foreach loop for accessing foreach properties用于访问foreach属性的foreach循环的名称

• Required attributes are  from and  item.
• from和item是必要属性
• The  name of the  {foreach} loop can be anything you like, made up of letters, numbers and underscores, like  PHP variables.
• {foreach}循环的name可以是任何字母，数组，下划线的组合，参考PHP变量。
• {foreach} loops can be nested, and the nested  {foreach} names must be unique from each other.
• {foreach}循环可以嵌套，嵌套的{foreach}的名称应当互不相同。
• The  from attribute, usually an array of values, determines the number of times  {foreach} will loop.
• from属性通常是值数组，被用于判断{foreach}的循环次数。
• {foreachelse} is executed when there are no values in the  from variable.
• 在from变量中没有值时，将执行{foreachelse}。
• {foreach} loops also have their own variables that handle properties. These are accessed with:  {$smarty.foreach.name.property}  with “name” being the  name attribute.
• {foreach}循环也有自身属性的变量，可以通过{$smarty.foreach.name.property}访问，其中”name”是name属性。

  Note: The  nameattribute is only required when you want to access a  {foreach} property, unlike  {section} . Accessing a  {foreach}property with  nameundefined does not throw an error, but leads to unpredictable results instead.

• 注意：name属性仅在需要访问{foreach}属性时有效，与{section}不同。访问未定义name的{foreach}属性不会抛出一个错误，但将导致不可预知的结果。

• {foreach} properties are  index ,  iteration ,  first ,  last ,  show ,  total .
• {foreach}属性有index, iteration, first, last, show, total.

Example 7-5. The  item attribute

例 7-5. item属性

     assign('myArray', $arr);?>

Template to output $myArrayin an un-ordered list

用模板以无序列表输出$myArray

<ul>{foreach from=$myArray item=foo}    <li>{$foo}</li>{/foreach}</ul>

The above example will output:

上例将输出：

<ul>    <li>1000</li>    <li>1001</li>    <li>1002</li></ul>

Example 7-6. Demonstrates the item and key attributes

例 7-6. 演示item和key属性

      'Tennis', 3 => 'Swimming', 8 => 'Coding');$smarty->assign('myArray', $arr);?>

Template to output $myArrayas key/val pair, like PHP’s foreach .

用模板按键名/键值对的形式输出$myArray, 类似于PHP的foreach。

<ul>{foreach from=$myArray key=k item=v}   <li>{$k}: {$v}</li>{/foreach}</ul>

The above example will output:

上例将输出：

<ul>    <li>9: Tennis</li>    <li>3: Swimming</li>    <li>8: Coding</li></ul>

Example 7-7. {foreach} with associative item attribute

例 7-7. {foreach}的item属性是关联数组

      array('no' => 2456, 'label' => 'Salad'),96 => array('no' => 4889, 'label' => 'Cream'));$smarty->assign('items', $items_list);?>

Template to output $itemswith $myIdin the url

模板中，url通过$myId输出$items

<ul>{foreach from=$items key=myId item=i}  <li><a href="item.php?id={$myId}">{$i.no}: {$i.label}</li>{/foreach}</ul>

The above example will output:

上例将输出：

<ul>  <li><a href="item.php?id=23">2456: Salad</li>  <li><a href="item.php?id=96">4889: Cream</li></ul>

Example 7-8. {foreach} with nested item and key 例 7-8. {foreach}使用嵌套的item和key

Assign an array to Smarty, the key contains the key for each looped value.

向Smarty设置一个数组，对于每个键名对应的每个循环值都包括键。

     assign('contacts', array(array('phone' => '1','fax' => '2','cell' => '3'),array('phone' => '555-4444','fax' => '555-3333','cell' => '760-1234')));?>

The template to output $contact.

用于输出$contact的模板。

{foreach name=outer item=contact from=$contacts}  <hr />  {foreach key=key item=item from=$contact}    {$key}: {$item}<br />  {/foreach}{/foreach}

The above example will output:

上例将输出：

<hr />  phone: 1<br />  fax: 2<br />  cell: 3<br /><hr />  phone: 555-4444<br />  fax: 555-3333<br />  cell: 760-1234<br />

Example 7-9. Database example with {foreachelse}

例 7-9. 使用{foreachelse}的 数据库示例

A database (eg PEAR or ADODB) example of a search script, the query results assigned to Smarty

一个数据库（例如PEAR或ADODB）的搜索脚本示例，

     assign('results', $db->getAssoc($sql) );?>

The template which display “None found” if no results with {foreachelse}.

借助{foreachelse}标记在没有结果时模板输出”None found”字样。

{foreach key=cid item=con from=$results}    <a href="contact.php?contact_id={$cid}">{$con.name} - {$con.nick}</a><br />{foreachelse}    No items were found in the search{/foreach}

indexcontains the current array index, starting with zero.

.index包含当前数组索引，从零开始。

Example 7-10. index example

例 7-10. index示例

{* The header block is output every five rows *}{* 每五行输出一次头部区块 *}                             <table>                                 {foreach from=$items key=myId item=i name=foo}{if $smarty.foreach.foo.index % 5 == 0}                                                    <tr>          <th>Title</th>         </tr>{/if}                    <tr>          <td>{$i.label}</td>         </tr>{/foreach}                           </table>

.iteration

iterationcontains the current loop iteration and always starts at one, unlike index . It is incremented by one on each iteration.

iteration包含当前循环次数，与index不同，从1开始，每次循环增长1。

Example 7-11. iteration and index example

例 7-11. iteration和index示例

{* this will output 0|1, 1|2, 2|3, ... etc *}{* 该例将输出0|1, 1|2, 2|3, ... 等等 *}{foreach from=$myArray item=i name=foo}{$smarty.foreach.foo.index}|{$smarty.foreach.foo.iteration},{/foreach}

firstis TRUEif the current {foreach}iteration is the initial one.

first在当前{foreach}循环处于初始位置时值为TRUE。

Example 7-12. first property example

例 7-12. first属性示例

{* show LATEST on the first item, otherwise the id *}{* 对于第一个条目显示LATEST而不是id *}                             <table>                                 {foreach from=$items key=myId item=i name=foo}                                                    <tr>                   <td>{if $smarty.foreach.foo.first}LATEST{else}{$myId}{/if}</td>          <td>{$i.label}</td>         </tr>{/foreach}                           </table>

lastis set to TRUEif the current {foreach}iteration is the final one.

last在当前{foreach}循环处于最终位置是值为TRUE。

Example 7-13. last property example

例 7-13. last属性示例

{* Add horizontal rule at end of list *}{* 在列表结束时增加一个水平标记 *}){foreach from=$items key=part_id item=prod name=products}             {$prod}{if $smarty.foreach.products.last}                              <hr />{else},{/if}{foreachelse}... content ...{/foreach}      

showis used as a parameter to {foreach}. showis a boolean value. If FALSE, the {foreach}will not be displayed. If there is a {foreachelse}present, that will be alternately displayed.

show是{foreach}的参数. show是一个布尔值。如果值为FALSE，{foreach}将不被显示。如果有对应的{foreachelse}，将被显示。

totalcontains the number of iterations that this {foreach}will loop. This can be used inside or after the {foreach}.

total包括{foreach}将循环的次数，既可以在{foreach}中使用，也可以在之后使用。

Example 7-14. total property example

例 7-14. total属性示例

{* show rows returned at end *}{* 在结束位置显示行数 *}{foreach from=$items key=part_id item=prod name=foo}{$prod.name>                         <hr />{if $smarty.foreach.foo.last}           {$smarty.foreach.foo.total} items     

{/if}{foreachelse}... something else ...{/foreach}

See also {section} and  $smarty.foreach .

参考{section}和$smarty.foreach。