我所经历的大文件数据导出（后台执行,自动生成）

一、前言

    记录一下以前做的后台excel格式导出统计信息的功能，也是最近同事问到了相关东西，一时之间竟忘了具体的细节，因此记录一下；

    大家知道，excel导出数据的功能，后台几乎是必须功能，一般都是点击后，生成文件然后自动下载，

    如果是数据量小的话，一下子便可请求完成，从而下载到本地；

    但是，如果数据量特别大的时候，页面就必须一直在等待，直到写入excel成功，

    这样便影响了后台使用者无法操作其他页面，为此，对excel导出做了以下功能优化：

1. excel导出分成两部分内容：生成excel文件和下载excel文件
2. excel的文件生成在程序后台执行，前端不必等待，可进行其他后台操作
3. 增加下载文件页面，显示excel文件生成的进度，完成后，方可下载生成的excel文件
4. 文件生成后，点击下载方可下载相应的文件

 二、生成excel文件

    生成excel文件的方法有很多，暂不一一记录，只是记录本次的方法；

    这里用到了table的html格式，以及相应的excel的声明

    （隐约记得其他的方法用office07打开的时候好像是乱码，后面尝试用csv格式文件，可还是乱码，所以用了table的形式）

    文件的开头：

<spanmicrosoft yahei><span> 1</span><span>$struserdata</span> = Eof
<span> 2</span>          3         xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"
<span> 4</span>         xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<span> 5</span><span> 6</span>         span>PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<span> 7</span>         
<span> 8</span>         
<span> 9</span>             <meta http-equiv="Content-type" c>
<span>10</span>         <style>
<span>11         </style>
<span>12</span>         
<span>13</span>         
<span>14</span>         <div align="center" x:publishsource="Excel">
<span>15</span><span>16</span>         <table x:str border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<span>17</span> Eof;<spanmicrosoft yahei>View Code<p><spanmicrosoft yahei>    文件的结尾：</spanmicrosoft></p>
<div><spanmicrosoft yahei><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="http://image.codes51.com/Article/image/20150810/20150810094650_3369.gif" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="http://image.codes51.com/Article/image/20150810/20150810094650_3369.gif" class="lazy" alt=""><p></p>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><spanmicrosoft yahei><span>1</span><span>$struserdata</span> = Eof
<span>2</span>         </spanmicrosoft>

3

4 5 6 Eof; View Code

    当然，文件中间就是一些tr td 标签了。

 三、让程序在后台执行

    场景：

        用户点击 生成excel后，跳转到下载页面，程序在后台执行，用户可不必等待生成完成，可执行其他操作；

        下载页面可看到文件生成的进度以及是否可下载状态

    思路：

        点击 生成excel，显示下载页面  ---> show_download方法

        生成excel ---> create_excel 方法

    show_download方法中调用 create_excel方法，而show_download 方法中，自己用了一下命令行执行程序的方式,

    利用php命令行的方式，把参数传递给 create_excel方法

<spanmicrosoft yahei><span>1</span><span>//</span><span> $cmd = "/usr/bin/php  /home/xxx/xxx.php " . $strjoin . "  >/dev/null & ";
</span><span>2</span><span> // $a=exec($cmd, $out, $returndata);</span><span>3</span><span>4</span><span>5</span><span>$command</span> = "/usr/bin/php ".STATISTIC_EXPORT_SCRIPT_DIR."xxx.php " . "'" .<span>$strjoin</span> ."'". " " . <span>$uid</span> . " ". <span>$action</span> ."  & "<span>;
</span><span>6</span><span>$process</span> = <span>proc_open</span>(<span>$command</span>, <span>array</span>(),<span>$pipes</span><span>); 
</span><span>7</span><span>$var</span> = <span>proc_get_status</span>(<span>$process</span><span>); 
</span><span>8</span><span>proc_close</span>(<span>$process</span><span>);
</span><span>9</span><span>$pid</span> = <span>intval</span>(<span>$var</span>['pid'])+1;</spanmicrosoft>

    而在create_excel方法中：

    需填写以下代码：

<spanmicrosoft yahei><span>1</span><span>set_time_limit</span>(0); <span>//</span><span>取消脚本运行时间的超时上限</span><span>2</span><span>3</span><span>ignore_user_abort</span>(<span>TRUE</span>); <span>//</span><span>后台运行,不受用户关闭浏览器的影响</span></spanmicrosoft>

    调用相关的api得到数据：

<spanmicrosoft yahei><span>1</span><span>$statistic</span> = <span>call_user_func</span>(<span>array</span>('shellscript','get_result'),<span>$url</span>,<span>$params</span><span>);
</span><span>2</span><span>if</span>(!<span>is_object</span>(<span>$statistic</span>) || !<span>isset</span>(<span>$statistic</span>->data-><span>items)){
</span><span>3</span><span>usleep</span>(400000);<span>//</span><span>停止400毫秒</span><span>4</span><span>$statistic</span> = <span>call_user_func</span>(<span>array</span>('shellscript','get_result'),<span>$url</span>,<span>$params</span><span>);
</span><span>5</span> }</spanmicrosoft>

 四、显示文件生成进度

    但是怎么显示相应的文件生成进度呢，怎么知道文件到底生成好了没有呢？

    这里，我用到的方法是，在写入数据文件的时候data.xsl，每个数据文件都生成一个对应的文件进度文件，暂且称为flag_data.xsl;

    思路：

1. 第一次请求api的时候，根据返回的total总数，以及pagesize，确定要请求的次数count;
2. 这样便可知道要请求api的次数（分页请求api），在写入数据文件的同时，同时写入进度文件flag_data.xsl;   
   数据格式大约是(以逗号分割)
       1,5
       2,5
       ...
3. 然后显示文件进度的时候，读取进度文件，这样变可知道数据文件大体的进度
4. 前端js处理时，几秒读取一次相应的方法（如果都100%进度，可停止请求方法），从而实现动态查看文件的生成进度

    查看文件的进度方法：

<spanmicrosoft yahei><span> 1</span><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> execscript_process(){
</span><span> 2</span><span>$this</span>->load->library('smarty'<span>);
</span><span> 3</span><span>$file_arr_str</span> = <span>array</span><span>();
</span><span> 4</span><span>$file_arr_process</span> = <span>array</span><span>();
</span><span> 5</span><span>$file_arr_name</span> = <span>array</span><span>();
</span><span> 6</span><span>$file_arr</span> = <span>array</span><span>();
</span><span> 7</span><span>$refresh_flag</span> = 'yes'<span>;
</span><span> 8</span><span>$uid</span> = <span>$_REQUEST</span>['uid'<span>];
</span><span> 9</span><span>$url_dir</span> = STATISTIC_EXPORT_FILE_DIR.<span>$uid</span> .'/';<span>//</span><span>@todo</span><span>10</span><span>if</span>(!<span>is_dir</span>(<span>$url_dir</span><span>)){
</span><span>11</span>             @<span>mkdir</span>(<span>$url_dir</span>,0777<span>);
</span><span>12</span><span>        }
</span><span>13</span><span>$files</span> = <span>scandir</span>(<span>$url_dir</span><span>);
</span><span>14</span><span>15</span><span>if</span>(!<span>empty</span>(<span>$files</span><span>)){
</span><span>16</span><span>foreach</span> (<span>$files</span><span>as</span><span>$key</span> => <span>$value</span><span>) {
</span><span>17</span><span>if</span>(<span>$value</span>!='.' && <span>$value</span>!='..'<span>){
</span><span>18</span><span>if</span>(<span>substr</span>(<span>$value</span>, 0 , 5)=="flag_"<span>){
</span><span>19</span><span>$file_size</span> = <span>filesize</span>(<span>$url_dir</span> . <span>$value</span><span>);
</span><span>20</span><span>if</span>(!<span>empty</span>(<span>$file_size</span><span>)){
</span><span>21</span><span>$fhandle</span> = <span>fopen</span>(<span>$url_dir</span> . <span>$value</span>, 'rb+'<span>);
</span><span>22</span><span>fseek</span>(<span>$fhandle</span>, -1,<span> SEEK_END);
</span><span>23</span><span>$fstr</span> = ''<span>;
</span><span>24</span><span>while</span>((<span>$c</span> = <span>fgetc</span>(<span>$fhandle</span>)) !== <span>false</span><span>) {
</span><span>25</span><span>if</span>(<span>$c</span> == "\n" && <span>$fstr</span>) <span>break</span><span>;
</span><span>26</span><span>$fstr</span> = <span>$c</span> . <span>$fstr</span><span>;
</span><span>27</span><span>fseek</span>(<span>$fhandle</span>, -2,<span> SEEK_CUR);
</span><span>28</span><span>                            }
</span><span>29</span><span>fclose</span>(<span>$fhandle</span><span>);
</span><span>30</span><span>$fstr</span> = <span>trim</span>(<span>$fstr</span><span>);
</span><span>31</span><span>$fstr_arr_str</span> = <span>explode</span>(',', <span>$fstr</span><span>);
</span><span>32</span><span>$file_arr_process</span>[] = 100 * <span>number_format</span>(<span>$fstr_arr_str</span>[0]/<span>$fstr_arr_str</span>[1],2).'%'<span>;
</span><span>33</span><span>$file_arr_name</span>[] = <span>substr</span>(<span>$value</span>,5<span>);
</span><span>34</span><span>                         }
</span><span>35</span><span>                    }
</span><span>36</span><span>                }
</span><span>37</span><span>            }
</span><span>38</span><span>39</span><span>foreach</span> (<span>$file_arr_process</span><span>as</span><span>$key</span> => <span>$value</span><span>) {
</span><span>40</span><span>if</span>(<span>$value</span> != '100%'<span>){
</span><span>41</span><span>$refresh_flag</span> = 'no'<span>;
</span><span>42</span><span>break</span><span>;
</span><span>43</span><span>                }
</span><span>44</span><span>            }
</span><span>45</span><span>        }
</span><span>46</span><span>47</span><span>$file_arr</span> = <span>array</span><span>(
</span><span>48</span>             'process' => <span>$file_arr_process</span>,
<span>49</span>             'name' => <span>$file_arr_name</span>,
<span>50</span>             'refresh_flag' => <span>$refresh_flag</span><span>51</span><span>            );
</span><span>52</span><span>$file_arr_json</span> = json_encode(<span>$file_arr</span><span>);
</span><span>53</span><span>echo</span><span>$file_arr_json</span><span>;
</span><span>54</span>     }</spanmicrosoft>

View Code

 五、下载文件

    文件的下载就好说了，既然已经都生成成功，下载的方法如下：

<spanmicrosoft yahei><span> 1</span><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> execscript_download(){
</span><span> 2</span><span>$filename</span> = <span>$_REQUEST</span>['filename'<span>];
</span><span> 3</span><span>$uid</span> = <span>$_REQUEST</span>['uid'<span>];
</span><span> 4</span><span>$file_dir</span> = STATISTIC_EXPORT_FILE_DIR.<span>$uid</span>.'/'.<span>$filename</span><span>;
</span><span> 5</span><span>if</span> (!<span>file_exists</span>(<span>$file_dir</span><span>)){
</span><span> 6</span><span>header</span>("Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8"<span>);
</span><span> 7</span><span>echo</span> "File not found!"<span>;
</span><span> 8</span><span>exit</span><span>; 
</span><span> 9</span>         } <span>else</span><span> {
</span><span>10</span><span>ini_set</span>("memory_limit","500M"<span>); 
</span><span>11</span><span>header</span>('Content-Description: File Transfer'<span>);
</span><span>12</span><span>header</span>('Content-Type: application/octet-stream'<span>);
</span><span>13</span><span>header</span>('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename='.<span>basename</span>(<span>$file_dir</span><span>));
</span><span>14</span><span>header</span>('Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary'<span>);
</span><span>15</span><span>header</span>('Expires: ' . <span>gmdate</span>('D, d M Y H:i:s') . ' GMT'<span>);
</span><span>16</span><span>header</span>('Cache-Control: must-revalidate,post-check=0, pre-check=0'<span>);
</span><span>17</span><span>header</span>('Pragma: public'<span>);
</span><span>18</span><span>header</span>('Content-Length: ' . <span>filesize</span>(<span>$file_dir</span><span>));
</span><span>19</span><span>readfile</span>(<span>$file_dir</span><span>);
</span><span>20</span><span>        }
</span><span>21</span><span>22</span>     }</spanmicrosoft>

 六、上线后出现的问题

    本地本来已经测试完毕，可上线后，却出现了奇怪的问题；

    现象描述：

        当在后台点击生成文件，跳转到下载页的时候，因为下载页是显示文件进度的页面，
        竟然出现有时候有刚刚点击的文件进度，有时候没有，就感觉没有生成相应的文件一样；

    解决方法：

        因为数据文件和进度文件都是生成在程序的某个文件夹file中，所以读取的时候都是读取的文件夹下的文件，从而判断显示进度；

        后面才知道，由于后台程序有两台服务器，导致读取以及下载的时候找不到相应的文件夹，两个服务器相应的文件夹弄个共享目录就可以了

 七、相应的后续优化

    由于下载的文件多了，导致文件夹下的文件越来越多，而原来生成的文件是没有价值的，所以加了个定期删除文件的功能，只保留近七天的文件

    当然可以用crontab，只不过我比较懒，是在点击生成文件的时候，判断了一下文件夹中的过期文件，从而删除

<spanmicrosoft yahei><span> 1</span><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> execscript_process_show(){
</span><span> 2</span><span>$this</span>->load->library('smarty'<span>);
</span><span> 3</span><span>$uid</span> = <span>$_REQUEST</span>['uid'<span>];
</span><span> 4</span><span>$url_dir</span> = STATISTIC_EXPORT_FILE_DIR.<span>$uid</span> .'/';<span>//</span><span>@todo</span><span> 5</span><span>if</span>(!<span>is_dir</span>(<span>$url_dir</span><span>)){
</span><span> 6</span>             @<span>mkdir</span>(<span>$url_dir</span>,0777<span>);
</span><span> 7</span><span>        }        
</span><span> 8</span><span>$files</span> = <span>scandir</span>(<span>$url_dir</span><span>);
</span><span> 9</span><span>if</span>(!<span>empty</span>(<span>$files</span><span>)){
</span><span>10</span><span>foreach</span> (<span>$files</span><span>as</span><span>$key</span> => <span>$value</span><span>) {
</span><span>11</span><span>if</span>(<span>$value</span>!='.' && <span>$value</span>!='..'<span>){
</span><span>12</span><span>foreach</span> (<span>$files</span><span>as</span><span>$key</span> => <span>$value</span><span>) {
</span><span>13</span><span>if</span>(<span>$value</span>!='.' && <span>$value</span>!='..'<span>){
</span><span>14</span><span>if</span>(<span>substr</span>(<span>$value</span>, 0 , 5)!="flag_"<span>){
</span><span>15</span><span>$filenamedate</span> = <span>substr</span>(<span>$value</span>, 0,10<span>);
</span><span>16</span><span>$today</span> = <span>date</span>('Y-m-d',<span>time</span><span>());
</span><span>17</span><span>$filenamedate</span> = <span>date</span>('Y-m-d',<span>strtotime</span>(<span>$filenamedate</span>)+(STATISTIC_FILE_EXPIRE_DAY-1)*24*3600<span>);
</span><span>18</span><span>if</span>(<span>$today</span>><span>$filenamedate</span>){<span>//</span><span>文件过期</span><span>19</span>                                     @<span>unlink</span>(<span>$url_dir</span> . <span>$value</span><span>);
</span><span>20</span>                                     @<span>unlink</span>(<span>$url_dir</span> . 'flag_' . <span>$value</span><span>);
</span><span>21</span><span>                                }
</span><span>22</span><span>                            }
</span><span>23</span><span>                        }
</span><span>24</span><span>                    }                    
</span><span>25</span><span>                }
</span><span>26</span><span>            }
</span><span>27</span><span>        }
</span><span>28</span><span>29</span><span>$this</span>->smarty->assign('uid',<span>$uid</span><span>);
</span><span>30</span><span>$this</span>->smarty->display('interact/statistic/execscript.tpl'<span>);
</span><span>31</span>     }</spanmicrosoft>

 八、后记

    大文件的导出大体就是这个样子，欢迎大家吐槽，共同交流；

    当时在用命令行执行方法的时候，也参考了一下相应的资料，记录一下；

<spanmicrosoft yahei>http://blog.csdn.net/yysdsyl/article/details/4636457

http://www.codesky.net/article/201202/163385.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/zdz8207/p/3765567.html

http://blog.163.com/mojian20040228@126/blog/static/4112219320097300922992/

http://php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.php

http://blog.csdn.net/yangjun07167/article/details/5603425

http://blog.csdn.net/yunsongice/article/details/5445448

http://www.cppblog.com/amazon/archive/2011/12/01/161281.aspx

http://blog.51yip.com/tag/proc_open

http://www.justwinit.cn/post/1418/

http://limboy.me/tech/2010/12/05/php-async.html</spanmicrosoft>

 

以上就介绍了我所经历的大文件数据导出（后台执行,自动生成），包括了方面的内容，希望对PHP教程有兴趣的朋友有所帮助。