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HTML 初学者指南(一)

黄舟

Dec 23, 2016 pm 02:40 PM

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本文是创建HTML文件的初级读物。HTML 是 WWW（World Wide Web )中使用的超文本标记语言。本指南的目的是介绍如何使用HTML和创建 web 文件。本文中的链接指向一些附加的信息。你还可以到你本地的书店查看一下，那里可能会有很多有价值的关于 Web 和 HTML 的资料。
前言
术语
WWW
World Wide Web
Web
World Wide Web
SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language--标准通用标记语言，描述标记语言的一个标准
DTD
Document Type Definition--文本类型定义, 这是一个用SGML写成的标记语言的正式说明
HTML
HyperText Markup Language-- 超文本标记语言, 它是一个SGML DTD
HTML 是一套独立于平台的格式定义( 用标记说明 ) , 用来描述World Wide Web 文档中的各个组成部分. HTML 是Tim Berners-Lee 在 CERN (在日内瓦的欧洲粒子物理实验室) 发明的.
本文不包括的内容
本指南假设读者具有以下基础:

知道如何使用 NCSA Mosaic 或者其它的 Web browser
对Web 服务器和客户 browsers 有一般的理解
可以访问 Web 服务器 (或者你只是想用本地方式创建个人使用的HTML 文档)
HTML 版本
本指南参考最新的说明--HTML 2.0-- 加上一些已经在 browsers 中广泛实现的附加特性. 以及正在发展的一些新特性.

HTML 文档
什么是 HTML 文档
HTML 文档是普通文本 ( ASCII) 文件, 它可以用任意编缉器(如UNIX 中的Emacs 或 vi, Macintosh 中的BBEdit, Windows中的Notepad)生成. 你也可以使用字处理软件, 不过要记住存文件时要存成“带回车的纯文本”。

HTML 编辑器
现在有一些 WYSIWYG 编辑器 (如., 可用在多种平台的 HotMetal, 或者可用在 Macintosh 机的 Adobe PageMill ). 在你学了一些 HTML 标记的基本知识之后，你可能希望使用它们. 你会发现掌握足够的 HTML 编码知识对于判断一个 WYSIWYG 编辑器是否适用是很有益处的

如果你还没有选定使用哪种软件, 可以参考本站软件下载 HTML 编辑器的在线例表 (按应用平台分类) ，帮助你寻找应用软件.

把文件存放到服务器上
如果你在学校或者单位可以访问 Web 服务器, 和你的 WEB 管理员webmaster (维护服务器的人) 联系，看看如何把你的文件存放到 Web 上. 否则，如果在学校或单位不能访问, 可以看看你的社区是否有免费网络FreeNet, 一种提供免费 Internet 访问服务的基于社区的网络. 如果也没有免费网络, 你可以当地的 Internet 服务提供者联系，他们可以把你的文档存放到服务器上，不过要收取费用. (你可以在当地的报纸上找到广告with your Chamber of Commerce for the names of companies.)

标记说明
一个元素 element 是一个文档结构的基本组成部分. 元素的例子有头 heads, 表格tables, 段落 paragraphs, 列表 lists 等. 你可以这样理解: 你用 HTML 标记为浏览器标出文件的各个元素 . 元素中可以包含普通文本，其他元素，或二者都有.

在 HTML 文档中使用tags表示各种元素. HTML 标记由一个左尖括号 (<), 一个标记名, 和一个右尖括号 (>) 组成. 标记通常成对出现 (如,

和

) 以指出标记作用的范围. 结束标记和起始标记相似，只是在括号中的标记名中以斜杠 (/) 领头. HTML 标记在下文中列出.

有些元素可能含有一个属性 attribute, 它是包含在起始标记中的附加信息说明. 例如, 通过在图象文件的 HTML 代码中包含适当的属性，你可以指明一幅图象的位置 (顶端, 中间, 或底部) . 具有可选属性的标记如下.

注意: HTML 不区分大小写. 等价于 <TITLE> 或 <TiTlE>. 有几个例外的情况列在下文中的转义序列中. <br><br>并非所有的 World Wide Web 浏览器都支持所有的标记. 如果一个浏览器不支持某个标记, 它通常只是忽略之. <br><br>最小的 HTML 文档<br>每个 HTML 文档应该包含一些标准 HTML 标记. 每个文档都包含头 head 和正文 body text 两部分. 头中含有标题 title, 正文中含有实际构成段落，列表和其他元素的文本. 浏览器需要具体的信息是因为它们都是根据 HTML 和 SGML 说明编程的. <br><br>下面的源文档举例说明必须的元素: <br><br><html><br><head><br><TITLE>A Simple HTML Example

HTML is Easy To Learn

Welcome to the world of HTML.
This is the first paragraph. While short it is
still a paragraph!

And this is the second paragraph.

必须的元素有 , , , 和 <body> 标记 (和它们相应的结束标记). 由于在每个文件中你都要包括这些标记, 你可以创建一个含有这些标记的模板文件. ( 有些浏览器会自动正确地规格化你的 HTML 文件，哪怕你没有包含这些标记. 但是有些浏览器不会这样! 因此你要确保包含这些标记.) </p> <p> 以上就是HTML 初学者指南(一)的内容，更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网（www.php.cn）！<br></p> <p><br></p> </div> </div> <div class="wzconShengming_sp"> <div class="bzsmdiv_sp">Kenyataan Laman Web ini</div> <div>Kandungan artikel ini disumbangkan secara sukarela oleh netizen, dan hak cipta adalah milik pengarang asal. Laman web ini tidak memikul tanggungjawab undang-undang yang sepadan. 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