python入门之识别验证码介绍

前言

验证码？我也能破解？

关于验证码的介绍就不多说了，各种各样的验证码在人们生活中时不时就会冒出来，身为学生日常接触最多的就是教务处系统的验证码了，比如如下的验证码：

识别办法

模拟登陆有着复杂的步骤，在这里咱们不管其他操作，只负责根据输入的一张验证码图片返回一个答案字符串。

我们知道验证码为了制作干扰，会把图片弄成五颜六色的样子，而我们首先就是要去除这些干扰，这一步就需要不断试验了，增强图片色彩，加大对比度等等都可以产生帮助。

在经过各种对图片的操作之后，终于找到了比较完美的去除干扰方案。可以看到在去除干扰之后，最优情况下，我们将得到一张十分纯净的黑白字符图片。一张图片上有四个字符，没办法一下子就把四个字符全部识别，需要把图片进行裁剪，裁剪成每张小图只有一个字符的样子，再对每张图片分别进行识别。

接下来就是识别文字了，我们首先把得到的小图转换成01表示的矩阵，每个矩阵代表一个字符。

比如数字六的矩阵

num_6=[
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,
0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,
0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,
0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,
0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
]

远远望过去，眯着眼睛还是能分辨出来的。

因为验证码十分规整，每个数字所在的位置都是固定的，所以并不需要涉及什么机器学习的算法，只是简单的进行一下矩阵的比对就可以了，在所有的实现做好的矩阵中找到相似度最高的矩阵就可以了，在这里的比对方法多种多样，反正数据简单能正确识别出来就好。

至此，咱们的验证码识别工作就结束了。

这次进行的验证码识别主要采用python的PIL进行图片操作，模拟登陆自动填写验证码的全部代码请看这里：

示例代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding( "utf-8" )
import re
import requests
import io
import os
import json
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageEnhance
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import mdata

class Student:
 def __init__(self, user,password):
  self.user = str(user)
  self.password = str(password)
  self.s = requests.Session()

 def login(self):
  url = "http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGON.APPPROCESS?mode=4"
  res = self.s.get(url).text
  imageUrl = &#39;http://202.118.31.197/&#39;+re.findall(&#39;<img src="(.+?)" width="55"&#39;,res)[0]
  im = Image.open(io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content))
  enhancer = ImageEnhance.Contrast(im)
  im = enhancer.enhance(7)
  x,y = im.size
  for i in range(y):
   for j in range(x):
    if (im.getpixel((j,i))!=(0,0,0)):
     im.putpixel((j,i),(255,255,255))
  num = [6,19,32,45]
  verifyCode = ""
  for i in range(4):
   a = im.crop((num[i],0,num[i]+13,20))
   l=[]
   x,y = a.size
   for i in range(y):
    for j in range(x):
     if (a.getpixel((j,i))==(0,0,0)):
      l.append(1)
     else:
      l.append(0)
   his=0
   chrr="";
   for i in mdata.data:
    r=0;
    for j in range(260):
     if(l[j]==mdata.data[i][j]):
      r+=1
    if(r>his):
     his=r
     chrr=i
   verifyCode+=chrr
   # print "辅助输入验证码完毕:",verifyCode
  data= {
  &#39;WebUserNO&#39;:str(self.user),
  &#39;Password&#39;:str(self.password),
  &#39;Agnomen&#39;:verifyCode,
  }
  url = "http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGON.APPPROCESS?mode=4"
  t = self.s.post(url,data=data).text
  if re.findall("images/Logout2",t)==[]:
   l = &#39;[0,"&#39;+re.findall(&#39;alert((.+?));&#39;,t)[1][1][2:-2]+&#39;"]&#39;+" "+self.user+" "+self.password+"\n"
   # print l
   # return &#39;[0,"&#39;+re.findall(&#39;alert((.+?));&#39;,t)[1][1][2:-2]+&#39;"]&#39;
   return [False,l]
  else:
   l = &#39;登录成功 &#39;+re.findall(&#39;! (.+?) &#39;,t)[0]+" "+self.user+" "+self.password+"\n"
   # print l
   return [True,l]

 def getInfo(self):
  imageUrl = &#39;http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONDSPUSERPHOTO.APPPROCESS&#39;
  data = self.s.get(&#39;http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONQUERYBASESTUDENTINFO.APPPROCESS?mode＝3&#39;).text #学籍信息
  data = BeautifulSoup(data,"lxml")
  q = data.find_all("table",attrs={&#39;align&#39;:"left"})
  a = []
  for i in q[0]:
   if type(i)==type(q[0]) :
    for j in i :
     if type(j) ==type(i):
      a.append(j.text)
  for i in q[1]:
   if type(i)==type(q[1]) :
    for j in i :
     if type(j) ==type(i):
      a.append(j.text)
  data = {}
  for i in range(1,len(a),2):
   data[a[i-1]]=a[i]
  # data[&#39;照片&#39;] = io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content)
  return json.dumps(data)

 def getPic(self):
  imageUrl = &#39;http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONDSPUSERPHOTO.APPPROCESS&#39;
  pic = Image.open(io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content))
  return pic

 def getScore(self):
   score = self.s.get(&#39;http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONQUERYSTUDENTSCORE.APPPROCESS&#39;).text #成绩单
   score = BeautifulSoup(score, "lxml")
   q = score.find_all(attrs={&#39;height&#39;:"36"})[0]
   point = q.text
   print point[point.find(&#39;平均学分绩点&#39;):]
   table = score.html.body.table
   people = table.find_all(attrs={&#39;height&#39; : &#39;36&#39;})[0].string
   r = table.find_all(&#39;table&#39;,attrs={&#39;align&#39; : &#39;left&#39;})[0].find_all(&#39;tr&#39;)
   subject = []
   lesson = []
   for i in r[0]:
    if type(r[0])==type(i):
     subject.append(i.string)
   for i in r:
    k=0
    temp = {}
    for j in i:
     if type(r[0])==type(j):
      temp[subject[k]] = j.string
      k+=1
    lesson.append(temp)
   lesson.pop()
   lesson.pop(0)
   return json.dumps(lesson)

 def logoff(self):
  return self.s.get(&#39;http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGOUT.APPPROCESS&#39;).text

if __name__ == "__main__":
 a = Student(20150000,20150000)
 r = a.login()
 print r[1]
 if r[0]:
  r = json.loads(a.getScore())
  for i in r:
   for j in i:
    print i[j],
   print
  q = json.loads(a.getInfo())
  for i in q:
   print i,q[i]
  a.getPic().show()
 a.logoff()

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