这篇文章主要介绍了前端开发必学的HTML知识 ，介绍了学习web前端开发需要掌握的基础技术，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下
1 HTML介绍
1.1 代码初体验，制作第一个网页
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>制作我的第一个网页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello World</h1>
</body>
</html>Salin selepas log masuk
1.2 HTML和CSS的关系
学习web前端开发基础技术需要掌握：HTML、CSS、JavaScript语言。下面我们就来了解下这三门技术都是用来实现什么的：
1. HTML是网页内容的载体。内容就是网页制作者放在页面上想要让用户浏览的信息，可以包含文字、图片、视频等。
2. CSS样式是表现。就像网页的外衣。比如，标题字体、颜色变化，或为标题加入背景图片、边框等。所有这些用来改变内容外观的东西称之为表现。
3. JavaScript是用来实现网页上的特效效果。如：鼠标滑过弹出下拉菜单。或鼠标滑过表格的背景颜色改变。还有焦点新闻（新闻图片）的轮换。可以这么理解，有动画的，有交互的一般都是用JavaScript来实现的。
下面代码演示了CSS的效果，HTML用来表示网页元素，CSS让元素表现更丰富，比如元素位置，大小，颜色，字体等：
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Html和CSS的关系</title>
<style type="text/css">
h1{
font-size:19px;
color:#930;
text-align:center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello World!</h1>
</body>
</html>Salin selepas log masuk
（1）第8行代码，影响窗口的文字大小。
（2）第9行代码，影响窗口文字颜色的变化。
（3）第10行，影响窗口文字居中的变化。
1.3 认识HTML标签
各种各式各样的网页，这些网页都是由html标签组成的。下面就是一个简单的网页：
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>认识html标签</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>勇气</h1>
<p>三年级时，我还是一个胆小如鼠的小女孩，上课从来不敢回答老师提出的问题，生怕回答错了老师会批评我。就一直没有这个勇气来回答老师提出的问题。学校举办的活动我也没勇气参加。</p>
<p>到了三年级下学期时，我们班上了一节公开课，老师提出了一个很简单的问题，班里很多同学都举手了，甚至成绩比我差很多的，也举手了，还说着："我来，我来。"我环顾了四周，就我没有举手。</p>
<img src="http://img.imooc.com/52b4113500018cf102000200.jpg" >
</body>
</html>Salin selepas log masuk
效果如下：
分析这个网页由哪些HTML组成：
（1）“勇气”是网页内容文章的标题，
就是标题标签，它在网页上的代码写成
勇气
。
（2）“三年级时…我也没勇气参加。” 是网页中文章的段落，
是段落标签。它在网页上的代码写成
三年级时...我也没勇气参加。
（3）网页上那张小女生的图片，由img标签来完成的，它在网页上的代码写成
1.4 标签语法
1.标签由英文尖括号<和>括起来，如就是一个标签。
2.html中的标签一般都是成对出现的，分开始标签和结束标签。结束标签比开始标签多了一个/。
3.标签结构示意图如下：
4.标签举例：
（1）
（2）
（3）
5.标签与标签之间是可以嵌套的，但先后顺序必须保持一致，如：
里嵌套
，那么
必须放在的前面。如下图所示。
6.HTML标签不区分大小写，
和是一样的，但建议小写，因为大部分程序员都以小写为准。
7.测试：有一个网页的代码，但第9行缺少代码，请补充：<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>标签的语法</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>在本教程中，你将学习如何使用 HTML 来创建站点</h1>
<p>当特殊的样式需要应用到个别元素时，就可以使用内联样式。
</body>
</html>Salin selepas log masuk
1.5 html/head/body认识HTML文件基本结构
学习html文件的结构：一个HTML文件是有自己固定的结构的。
<html>
<head>...</head>
<body>...</body>
</html>Salin selepas log masuk
代码讲解：
1. 称为根标签，所有的网页标签都在中。
2.
标签用于定义文档的头部，它是所有头部元素的容器。头部元素有
、<script>、 <style>、<link>、 <meta>等标签，头部标签在下一小节中会有详细介绍。 <br/>3.在<body>和</body>标签之间的内容是网页的主要内容，如<h1>、<p>、<a>、<img>等网页内容标签，在这里的标签中的内容会在浏览器中显示出来。</p><p>下面的代码的HTML文件结构不完整，因为缺少标签<html>和</html>：</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><!DOCTYPE HTML>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>认识html文件基本结构</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>在本小节中，你将学会认识html文件基本结构</h1>
</body></pre><div class="contentsignin">Salin selepas log masuk</div></div><p></p><p><br/><strong><span style="color:#800000">1.6 head标签</span></strong></p><p> •标签的作用：文档的头部描述了文档的各种属性和信息，包括文档的标题等。绝大多数文档头部包含的数据都不会真正作为内容显示给读者。<br/> •下面的标签可以在head部分：</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><head>
<title>...</title>
<meta>
<link>
<style>...</style>
<script>...</script>
</head></pre><div class="contentsignin">Salin selepas log masuk</div></div><p></p><p> •<title>标签：在<title>和标签之间的文字内容是网页的标题信息，它会出现在浏览器的标题栏中。网页的title标签用于告诉用户和搜索引擎这个网页的主要内容是什么，搜索引擎可以通过网页标题，迅速的判断出网页的主题。每个网页的内容都是不同的，每个网页都应该有一个独一无二的title。
例如，
标签的内容“hello world”会在浏览器中的标题栏上显示出来，如图： </p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><head>
<title>hello world</title>
</head></pre><div class="contentsignin">Salin selepas log masuk</div></div><p></p><p><br/><span style="color:#800000"><strong>1.7 了解HTML的代码注释</strong></span></p><p>代码注释的作用：帮助程序员标注代码的用途，过一段时间后再看你所编写的代码，就能很快想起这段代码的用途。代码注释不仅方便程序员自己回忆起以前代码的用途，还可以帮助其他程序员很快的读懂你的程序的功能，方便多人合作开发网页代码。 <br/>语法：</p><p><span style="color:#333333"><strong><!--注释文字 --></strong></span></p><p>下面代码的第 8、12 行都是注释代码，但是发现他们是不会在结果窗口中显示出来的：</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>HTML的代码注释</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--在线咨询 begin-->
<p>
<p>一站式报名咨询！<a href="#">向报名顾问咨询</a></p>
</p>
<!--在线咨询 end-->
</body>
</html></pre><div class="contentsignin">Salin selepas log masuk</div></div><p></p>
<p><br></p>
<p><br></p>
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// 使用该函数设置多个滚动链接
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_1", "article_main_title1");
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_2", "article_main_title2");
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_3", "article_main_title3");
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_4", "article_main_title4");
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_5", "article_main_title5");
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_6", "article_main_title6");
// 可以继续添加更多的滚动链接设置
});
window.addEventListener("scroll", function () {
var fixedElement = document.getElementById("Article_Details_main1Lmain");
var scrollTop = window.scrollY || document.documentElement.scrollTop; // 兼容不同浏览器
var clientHeight = window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight; // 视口高度
var scrollHeight = document.documentElement.scrollHeight; // 页面总高度
// 计算距离底部的距离
var distanceToBottom = scrollHeight - scrollTop - clientHeight;
// 当距离底部小于或等于300px时，取消固定定位
if (distanceToBottom <= 980) {
fixedElement.classList.remove("Article_Details_main1Lmain");
fixedElement.classList.add("Article_Details_main1Lmain_relative");
} else {
// 否则，保持固定定位
fixedElement.classList.remove("Article_Details_main1Lmain_relative");
fixedElement.classList.add("Article_Details_main1Lmain");
}
});
</script>
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
const mainNav = document.querySelector('.Article_Details_main1Lmain');
const header = document.querySelector('header');
if (mainNav) {
window.addEventListener('scroll', function() {
const scrollPosition = window.scrollY;
if (scrollPosition > 84) {
mainNav.classList.add('fixed');
} else {
mainNav.classList.remove('fixed');
}
});
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html> 
