Rumah > hujung hadapan web > Tutorial H5 > html5指南(3)-实现拖拽功能

html5指南(3)-实现拖拽功能

黄舟
Lepaskan: 2017-03-22 16:05:52
asal
1612 orang telah melayarinya

  本文的内容是关于在html5中如何实现html元素拖拽功能。在html5之前要实现拖拽,需要借助js,现在html5内部就支持了拖拽的功能,但是要实现稍微复杂的功能还是少不了js的帮忙。下面我们看几个例子。

  1.创建拖拽对象

  我们可以通过draggable属性告诉浏览器,哪些元素需要实现拖拽功能。draggable有三个值:true:元素可以被拖拽;false:元素不能被拖拽;auto:浏览器自己判断元素是否能被拖拽。

  系统默认值是auto,但auto情况下浏览器对不同元素拖拽功能的支持是不一样,如:支持img对象,不支持p对象。所以,如果需要拖拽一个元素,最好还是把draggale设置为true。下面我们看一个例子:

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>
    <title>Example</title>
    <style>
        #src > *        {
            float: left;
        }
        #target, #src > img        {
            border: thin solid black;
            padding: 2px;
            margin: 4px;
        }
        #target        {
            height: 123px;
            width: 220px;
            text-align: center;
            display: table;
        }
        #target > p        {
            display: table-cell;
            vertical-align: middle;
        }
        #target > img        {
            margin: 1px;
        }
    </style></head><body>
    <p id="src">
        <img draggable="true" id="car1" src="img/1.jpg" alt="car1" />
        <img draggable="true" id="car2" src="img/2.jpg" alt="car2" />
        <img draggable="true" id="car3" src="img/3.jpg" alt="car3" />
        <p id="target">
            <p id="msg">
                drop here</p>
        </p>
    </p>
    <script>
        var src = document.getElementById("src");        
        var target = document.getElementById("target");    
        </script>
        </body>
        </html>
Salin selepas log masuk

运行效果:

  2.处理拖拽事件

  现在我们来了解拖拽相关的事件,有两种类型的事件,一种是拖拽对象的事件,一种是投放区的事件。拖拽事件包括:dragstart:当元素拖拽开始触发;drag:在元素拖拽过程中触发;dragend:元素拖拽结束时触发。下面我们就看一个例子:

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>
    <title>Example</title>
    <style>
        #src > *        {
            float: left;
        }
        #target, #src > img        {
            border: thin solid black;
            padding: 2px;
            margin: 4px;
        }
        #target        {
            height: 123px;
            width: 220px;
            text-align: center;
            display: table;
        }
        #target > p        {
            display: table-cell;
            vertical-align: middle;
        }
        #target > img        {
            margin: 1px;
        }
        img.dragged        {
            background-color: Orange;
        }
    </style></head><body>
    <p id="src">
        <img draggable="true" id="car1" src="img/1.jpg" alt="car1" />
        <img draggable="true" id="car2" src="img/2.jpg" alt="car2" />
        <img draggable="true" id="car3" src="img/3.jpg" alt="car3" />
        <p id="target">
            <p id="msg">
                drop here</p>
        </p>
    </p>
    <script>
        var src = document.getElementById("src");        
        var target = document.getElementById("target");        
        var msg = document.getElementById("msg");
        src.ondragstart = function (e) {
            e.target.classList.add("dragged");
        }
        src.ondragend = function (e) {
            e.target.classList.remove("dragged");
            msg.innerHTML = "drop here";
        }
        src.ondrag = function (e) {
            msg.innerHTML = e.target.id;
        }    </script></body></html>
Salin selepas log masuk

运行效果:

  3.创建投放区

  我们来看投放区相关的事件:dragenter:当拖拽对象进入投放区时触发;dragover:拖拽对象在投放区内移动时触发;dragleave:拖拽对象没有投放到投放区,离开投放区的时候触发;drop:拖拽对象投放在投放区时触发。

  我们来看一个例子:

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>
    <title>Example</title>
    <style>
        #src > *        {
            float: left;
        }
        #target, #src > img        {
            border: thin solid black;
            padding: 2px;
            margin: 4px;
        }
        #target        {
            height: 123px;
            width: 220px;
            text-align: center;
            display: table;
        }
        #target > p        {
            display: table-cell;
            vertical-align: middle;
        }
        #target > img        {
            margin: 1px;
        }
        img.dragged        {
            background-color: lightgrey;
        }
    </style></head><body>
    <p id="src">
        <img draggable="true" id="car1" src="img/1.jpg" alt="car1" />
        <img draggable="true" id="car2" src="img/2.jpg" alt="car2" />
        <img draggable="true" id="car3" src="img/3.jpg" alt="car3" />
        <p id="target">
            <p id="msg">
                drop here</p>
        </p>
    </p>
    <script>
        var src = document.getElementById("src");        
        var target = document.getElementById("target");        
        var msg = document.getElementById("msg");        
        var draggedID;
        target.ondragenter = handleDrag;
        target.ondragover = handleDrag;        
        function handleDrag(e) {
            e.preventDefault();
        }
        target.ondrop = function (e) {            
        var newElem = document.getElementById(draggedID).cloneNode(false);
            target.innerHTML = "";
            target.appendChild(newElem);
            e.preventDefault();
        }
        src.ondragstart = function (e) {
            draggedID = e.target.id;
            e.target.classList.add("dragged");
        }
        src.ondragend = function (e) {            
        var elems = document.querySelectorAll(".dragged");            
        for (var i = 0; i < elems.length; i++) {
                elems[i].classList.remove("dragged");
            }
        }    </script></body></html>
Salin selepas log masuk

运行结果:

  4.使用DataTransfer

  我们使用DataTransfer从拖拽对象向投放区传递数据。DataTransfer有下面的属性和方法:types:返回数据的格式;getData():返回指定格式数据;setData(, ):设置指定格式数据;clearData():移除指定格式数据;files:返回已经投放的文件数组。

  我们来看下面的例子,他实现的效果和例3一样:

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>
    <title>Example</title>
    <style>
        #src > *        {
            float: left;
        }
        #src > img        {
            border: thin solid black;
            padding: 2px;
            margin: 4px;
        }
        #target        {
            border: thin solid black;
            margin: 4px;
        }
        #target        {
            height: 123px;
            width: 220px;
            text-align: center;
            display: table;
        }
        #target > p        {
            display: table-cell;
            vertical-align: middle;
        }
        img.dragged        {
            background-color: Orange;
        }
    </style></head><body>
    <p id="src">
        <img draggable="true" id="car1" src="img/1.jpg" alt="car1" />
        <img draggable="true" id="car2" src="img/2.jpg" alt="car2" />
        <img draggable="true" id="car3" src="img/3.jpg" alt="car3" />
        <p id="target">
            <p id="msg">
                drop here</p>
        </p>
    </p>
    <script>
        var src = document.getElementById("src");        
        var target = document.getElementById("target");
        target.ondragenter = handleDrag;
        target.ondragover = handleDrag;        
        function handleDrag(e) {
            e.preventDefault();
        }
        target.ondrop = function (e) {            
        var droppedID = e.dataTransfer.getData("Text");            
        var newElem = document.getElementById(droppedID).cloneNode(false);
            target.innerHTML = "";
            target.appendChild(newElem);
            e.preventDefault();
        }
        src.ondragstart = function (e) {
            e.dataTransfer.setData("Text", e.target.id);
            e.target.classList.add("dragged");
        }
        src.ondragend = function (e) {            
        var elems = document.querySelectorAll(".dragged");            
        for (var i = 0; i < elems.length; i++) {
                elems[i].classList.remove("dragged");
            }
        }    </script></body></html>
Salin selepas log masuk

  5.拖拽文件

  html5支持file api,可以让我们操作本地文件。一般我们不直接使用file api,我们可以结合其他特性一起使用,比如结合拖拽特效,如下例:

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>
    <title>Example</title>
    <style>
        body > *        {
            float: left;
        }
        #target        {
            border: medium double black;
            margin: 4px;
            height: 75px;
            width: 200px;
            text-align: center;
            display: table;
        }
        #target > p        {
            display: table-cell;
            vertical-align: middle;
        }
        table        {
            margin: 4px;
            border-collapse: collapse;
        }
        th, td        {
            padding: 4px;
        }
    </style></head><body>
    <p id="target">
        <p id="msg">
            Drop Files Here</p>
    </p>
    <table id="data" border="1">
    </table>
    <script>
        var target = document.getElementById("target");
        target.ondragenter = handleDrag;
        target.ondragover = handleDrag;        
        function handleDrag(e) {
            e.preventDefault();
        }

        target.ondrop = function (e) {            
        var files = e.dataTransfer.files;            
        var tableElem = document.getElementById("data");
            tableElem.innerHTML = "<tr><th>Name</th><th>Type</th><th>Size</th></tr>";            
            for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {                
            var row = "<tr><td>" + files[i].name + "</td>
            <td>" + files[i].type + "</td>
            <td>" + files[i].size + "</td></tr>";
                tableElem.innerHTML += row;
            }
            e.preventDefault();
        }    </script></body></html>
Salin selepas log masuk

  DataTransfer返回FileList对象,我们可以把他当做file数组对象,file包含下面属性:name:文件名字;type:文件类型(MIME类型);size:文件大小。

运行效果:

  6.上传文件

  下面介绍一个通过拖拽ajax上传文件的实例。

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>
    <title>Example</title>
    <style>
        .table        {
            display: table;
        }
        .row        {
            display: table-row;
        }
        .cell        {
            display: table-cell;
            padding: 5px;
        }
        .label        {
            text-align: right;
        }
        #target        {
            border: medium double black;
            margin: 4px;
            height: 50px;
            width: 200px;
            text-align: center;
            display: table;
        }
        #target > p        {
            display: table-cell;
            vertical-align: middle;
        }
    </style></head><body>
    <form id="fruitform" method="post" action="/UploadHandler.ashx">
    <p class="table">
        <p class="row">
            <p class="cell label">
                Bananas:</p>
            <p class="cell">
                <input name="bananas" value="2" /></p>
        </p>
        <p class="row">
            <p class="cell label">
                Apples:</p>
            <p class="cell">
                <input name="apples" value="5" /></p>
        </p>
        <p class="row">
            <p class="cell label">
                Cherries:</p>
            <p class="cell">
                <input name="cherries" value="20" /></p>
        </p>
        <p class="row">
            <p class="cell label">
                File:</p>
            <p class="cell">
                <input type="file" name="file" /></p>
        </p>
        <p class="row">
            <p class="cell label">
                Total:</p>
            <p id="results" class="cell">
                0 items</p>
        </p>
    </p>
    <p id="target">
        <p id="msg">
            Drop Files Here</p>
    </p>
    <button id="submit" type="submit">
        Submit Form</button>
    </form>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var target = document.getElementById("target");        
        var httpRequest;        
        var fileList;

        target.ondragenter = handleDrag;
        target.ondragover = handleDrag;        
        function handleDrag(e) {
            e.preventDefault();
        }
        target.ondrop = function (e) {
            fileList = e.dataTransfer.files;
            e.preventDefault();
        }

        document.getElementById("submit").onclick = function handleButtonPress(e) {
            e.preventDefault();            
            var form = document.getElementById("fruitform");            
            var formData = new FormData(form);            
            if (fileList) {                
            for (var i = 0; i < fileList.length; i++) {
                    formData.append("file" + i, fileList[i]);
                }
            }

            httpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest();
            httpRequest.onreadystatechange = handleResponse;
            httpRequest.open("POST", form.action);
            httpRequest.send(formData);
        }        function handleResponse() {            
        if (httpRequest.readyState == 4 && httpRequest.status == 200) {                
        var data = JSON.parse(httpRequest.responseText);
                document.getElementById("results").innerHTML = "You ordered " + data.total + " items";
            }
        }    
        </script>
        </body>
        </html>
Salin selepas log masuk

效果:

  上面的一些例子不同浏览器运行效果可能不同,我用的是chrome浏览器,除了例5和6不支持多文件外,其他例子运行正常。大家可以下载demo。

Atas ialah kandungan terperinci html5指南(3)-实现拖拽功能. Untuk maklumat lanjut, sila ikut artikel berkaitan lain di laman web China PHP!

Label berkaitan:
sumber:php.cn
Kenyataan Laman Web ini
Kandungan artikel ini disumbangkan secara sukarela oleh netizen, dan hak cipta adalah milik pengarang asal. Laman web ini tidak memikul tanggungjawab undang-undang yang sepadan. Jika anda menemui sebarang kandungan yang disyaki plagiarisme atau pelanggaran, sila hubungi admin@php.cn
Tutorial Popular
Lagi>
Muat turun terkini
Lagi>
kesan web
Kod sumber laman web
Bahan laman web
Templat hujung hadapan