利用Html 5的canvas标签绘制水流和水池动画
在利用HTML 5的canvas进行动画绘制之前，首先先介绍一下基本知识，包括canvas（如果对canvas比较熟悉的可以直接跳过该节）、oCanvas框架、精灵动画。在了解了以上的基本知识后，就可以开始利用canvas做动画了。
在这部分，东西比较多，比较杂，各个网站上都可以找到相关的简介，在此我就不造轮子了，菜鸟上的教程就挺不错的，另外推荐一个相当好的博文玩转html 5 canvas画图,这篇文章介绍的非常详细，推荐好好看看。
canvas标签功能非常强大，既可以处理图片，又可以进行像素级的处理，完全可以取代浏览器端的flash，但是由于canvas发展还未完善，API还不是太全，元素的事件处理功能等还没有提供接口，在实现一些复杂功能时，尚需耗费许多精力，于是出现了许多第三方的基于canvas 的框架，这些框架相比于原生的canvas标签，有了更多简单易用的API，大大提高了我们编码的效率，在这里我选用的是oCanvas框架，相关的使用文档和demo都可以去上面的链接中查看。
精灵动画一般由一组自定义的属性值和3个子函数组成（init、advance、draw）。
三个函数的作用分别如下：
init：初始化精灵动画的属性值
advance：再画下一帧之前首先更新下一帧的状态值
draw：将advance函数中更新的状态值绘制到画布中
以上三个函数的执行顺序是：init->advance->draw->advance->draw->…..一直循环下去。下面我以一个随机产生上升气泡的例子说明一下上面的执行过程。
var constructor_bubble = function (settings, core) {
return oCanvas.extend({
core: core,
shapeType: "rectangular",//下面定义了上面我们提到的三个函数：init(),advance(),draw()//在init中，我们map对象组、一个空的数组和一个代表高度的属性值
init: function () {
this.map=[
{r:2,speed:3},
{r:3,speed:3},
{r:4,speed:3},
{r:5,speed:3},
{r:6,speed:3},
{r:7,speed:3},
{r:8,speed:3},
{r:9,speed:3},
{r:10,speed:3}
]; this.points=[]; this.height=this.container.height_now;
},//下面是advance函数，在函数中我们利用if逻辑判断是否添加新的气泡以及进行气泡的位置更新，points数组利用队列的先进先出来存储气泡的
advance: function () {
this.height=this.container.height_now; if(Math.random()>0.95){ var new_point={
x:this.start.x+this.offset*2*(Math.random()-0.5),
y:this.start.y-this.map[0].r,
r:this.map[0].r
}; this.points.push(new_point);
} if(this.points.length>0){ for(var i=0;i<this.points.length;i++){ this.points[i].x+=this.offset*2*(Math.random()-0.5); this.points[i].y-=3; if(this.start.y-this.points[i].y>this.height-this.points[i].r-33){ this.points.shift();
}
}
}
},//draw函数中，利用canvas的圆弧绘制指令，将points数组中存储的气泡依次画出
draw: function () {
var canvas = this.core.canvas;
canvas.lineJoin = 'round';
canvas.lineWidth = this.GDwidth;
canvas.strokeStyle = "#fff"; if(this.points.length>0){ for(var i=0;i<this.points.length;i++){
canvas.beginPath();
canvas.arc(this.points[i].x,this.points[i].y,5,0,2*Math.PI);
canvas.stroke();
canvas.closePath();
}
}
}
}, settings);
};
oCanvas.registerDisplayObject("bubble", constructor_bubble, "init");//下面是在应用中定义和添加上面定义的精灵动画，其中：start数组代表了气泡的产生点，container代表了气泡的存在区域var pp1=canvas.display.bubble({
start:{x:425,y:566},
container:SC02,
width:50,
offset:1,
speed:5
}).add();下面详细介绍一下，项目中如何实现水流动画和水池动画的详细步骤：
var constructor_show = function (settings, core) {
return oCanvas.extend({
core: core,
shapeType: "rectangular",//上面四行都是oCanvas框架的结构语法/*下面init()、advance（）、draw()分别是上节中说的动画精灵三元素，第一个用来初始化，第二个用来
更新操作，第三个用来绘制图像/动画在管道对象中，定义了一些属性，包括：x、y、height、width、start、
height_now、full、speed、fill、trail_flag、[trail]。其中x、y分别代表水池参考点相对画布左
上角的位置，height、width是水池的宽高属性，start表征了动画是否开始，height_now代表了水池中水
位的高度，full表征了水池是否填满，speed水池上涨的速度，fill水的颜色，trail_flag表征了该水池
是否是一个标准的矩形，如果不是的话，配合trail属性，指定水池的轮廓*/
init: function () {
//默认动画关闭，水池full为0，当前高度为0
this.start=0; this.full=0; this.height_now=0;
},
advance: function () {
//如果水池未满并且是开启状态，水位未满就更新当前高度，否则将full置为1
if(this.start==1&&this.full!=1){ if (this.height_now < this.Height) { this.height_now += this.speed;
} else { this.full = 1;
}
}
},
draw: function () {
var canvas = this.core.canvas, //先获得水池的位置
origin = this.getOrigin(),
x = this.abs_x - origin.x,
y = this.abs_y - origin.y; //开始绘制
canvas.beginPath();
canvas.strokeStyle = "#000"; if (this.trail_flag == 1) { //如果是不规则图形，描出轮廓
canvas.moveTo(this.trail[0].x_t, this.trail[0].y_t); for (var i = 1; i < this.trail.length; i++) {
canvas.lineTo(this.trail[i].x_t, this.trail[i].y_t);
}
canvas.lineTo(this.trail[0].x_t, this.trail[0].y_t);
canvas.clip();
} if (this.fill !== "") { //设置颜色，绘制矩形水池
canvas.fillStyle = this.fill;
canvas.fillRect(x, y + this.Height - this.height_now, this.Width, this.height_now);
}
canvas.closePath();
}
}, settings);
};//将上面的动画精灵注册进oCanvas的display图形库中oCanvas.registerDisplayObject("SC_show", constructor_show, "init");在管道水流模型中，定义了以下的属性：
destination: 当前水流最前端的位置
cells: 管道路径数组
deta: 方向斜边长
deta_x: 方向x边长
deta_y: 方向y边长
flag_x: 余弦值
flag_y:正弦值
cellIndex: 当前绘制边的index
Speed: 水流速度
GDwidth:水流宽度
LineHeight:水流长度
x_now: 当前绘制点x坐标
y_now: 当前绘制点y坐标
firstX: 管道第一个点坐标x
firstY: 管道第一个点坐标y
beginHeight: 第一段水流的起点位置
endHeight: 上一段管道遗留未画完的水线
legacyHeight: 最前端点在上一个管道留下的长度
paused: 是否开始
fill:水流颜色
full:是否填满
//init函数主要完成初始化工作init: function () {
this.x_now = this.cells[0].x_cell;
this.y_now = this.cells[0].y_cell;
this.firstX = this.x_now;
this.firstY = this.y_now;
this.endHeight = 0;
this.beginHeight = 0;
this.paused=0;
this.full=0;
this.cellIndex = 0;
this.destination.x_d = this.cells[0].x_cell;
this.destination.y_d = this.cells[0].y_cell;
this.legacyHeight = -1;
this.LineHeight=10;
this.Speed=2*this.LineHeight/20;
}//advance函数主要实现每次动画的刷新步进操作
advance: function () {
if(this.paused==1){
if (this.cellIndex < this.cells.length - 1) {
this.deta_x = this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell - this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell;
this.deta_y = this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell - this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell;
this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y);
this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta;
this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta;
if (this.legacyHeight >= 0) {
this.cellIndex++;
if (this.cellIndex < this.cells.length - 1) {
this.deta_x = this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell - this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell;
this.deta_y = this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell - this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell;
this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y);
this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta;
this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta;
this.destination.x_d = this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell + this.flag_x * this.legacyHeight;
this.destination.y_d = this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell + this.flag_y * this.legacyHeight;
if (Math.abs(this.destination.x_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell) > this.Speed * Math.abs(this.flag_x) || Math.abs(this.destination.y_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell) > this.Speed * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {
this.legacyHeight = -1;
this.destination.x_d += this.flag_x * this.Speed;
this.destination.y_d += this.flag_y * this.Speed;
}
else {
if (this.flag_x == 0) {
this.legacyHeight = this.Speed - Math.abs(this.destination.y_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_y);
}
else {
this.legacyHeight = this.Speed - Math.abs(this.destination.x_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_x);
}
}
}
}
else {
this.destination.x_d += this.flag_x * this.Speed;
this.destination.y_d += this.flag_y * this.Speed;
if (Math.abs(this.destination.x_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell) >= this.Speed * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.destination.y_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell) >= this.Speed * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {
this.legacyHeight = -1;
}
else {
if (this.flag_x == 0) {
this.legacyHeight = this.Speed - Math.abs(this.destination.y_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_y);
}
else {
this.legacyHeight = this.Speed - Math.abs(this.destination.x_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_x);
}
}
}
}else{
this.full=1;
}
this.deta_x = this.cells[1].x_cell - this.cells[0].x_cell;
this.deta_y = this.cells[1].y_cell - this.cells[0].y_cell;
this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y);
this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta;
this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta;
if (this.paused == 1) {
if (Math.abs(this.firstX - this.cells[0].x_cell) >= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.firstY - this.cells[0].y_cell) >= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {
this.firstX = this.cells[0].x_cell;
this.firstY = this.cells[0].y_cell;
this.beginHeight = 0;
}
else {
if (this.beginHeight < this.LineHeight) {
if (this.beginHeight + this.Speed >= this.LineHeight) {
this.beginHeight = this.LineHeight;
}
else {
this.beginHeight += this.Speed;
}
this.firstX = this.cells[0].x_cell;
this.firstY = this.cells[0].y_cell;
}
else if (this.beginHeight == this.LineHeight) {
this.firstX += this.flag_x * this.Speed;
this.firstY += this.flag_y * this.Speed;
}
}
}
}
}//draw函数在每次advance之后执行，将每次的步进更新重新绘制到画布上
draw: function () {
var canvas = this.core.canvas; this.x_now = this.firstX; this.y_now = this.firstY; this.deta_x = this.cells[1].x_cell - this.cells[0].x_cell; this.deta_y = this.cells[1].y_cell - this.cells[0].y_cell; this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y); var myEnd = false; this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta; this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta;
canvas.beginPath();
canvas.lineJoin = 'round';
canvas.lineCap="round"; this.endHeight = 0;
canvas.lineWidth = this.GDwidth / 4;
canvas.strokeStyle = this.fill; if (this.beginHeight > 0) {
canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);
canvas.lineTo(this.x_now + this.flag_x * this.beginHeight, this.y_now + this.flag_y * this.beginHeight);
} this.x_now += this.flag_x * (this.beginHeight + this.LineHeight); this.y_now += this.flag_y * (this.beginHeight + this.LineHeight); for (var i = 1; i <= this.cellIndex; i++) {
myEnd = false; this.deta_x = this.cells[i].x_cell - this.cells[i - 1].x_cell; this.deta_y = this.cells[i].y_cell - this.cells[i - 1].y_cell; this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y); this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta; this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta; if (this.endHeight > 0) {
canvas.moveTo(this.cells[i - 1].x_cell, this.cells[i - 1].y_cell);
canvas.lineTo(this.cells[i - 1].x_cell + this.flag_x * (this.endHeight ), this.cells[i - 1].y_cell + this.flag_y * this.endHeight); this.x_now = this.cells[i - 1].x_cell + this.flag_x * (this.LineHeight + this.endHeight); this.y_now = this.cells[i - 1].y_cell + this.flag_y * (this.LineHeight + this.endHeight);
} if (this.endHeight < 0) { this.endHeight = Math.abs(this.endHeight); this.x_now = this.cells[i - 1].x_cell + this.flag_x * (this.endHeight); this.y_now = this.cells[i - 1].y_cell + this.flag_y * (this.endHeight);
} if (this.endHeight == 0 && i != 1) { this.x_now = this.cells[i - 1].x_cell; this.y_now = this.cells[i - 1].y_cell;
} while (Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) >= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) >= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {
canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);
canvas.lineTo(this.x_now + this.flag_x * this.LineHeight, this.y_now + this.flag_y * this.LineHeight); this.x_now += this.flag_x * this.LineHeight; this.y_now += this.flag_y * this.LineHeight; if (Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) <= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) <= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) { if (this.flag_x == 0) { this.endHeight = Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_y) - this.LineHeight;
} else { this.endHeight = Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_x) - this.LineHeight;
} //this.endHeight = (Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) + Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) - this.LineHeight * (Math.abs(this.flag_y) + Math.abs(this.flag_x)))/2;
myEnd = true; break;
} else { this.x_now += this.flag_x * this.LineHeight; this.y_now += this.flag_y * this.LineHeight;
}
} if (myEnd == false && Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) <= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) <= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {
canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);
canvas.lineTo(this.cells[i].x_cell, this.cells[i].y_cell); //this.endHeight = this.LineHeight - Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell)*flag.x_flag - Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell)*flag.y_flag;
if (this.flag_x == 0) { this.endHeight = this.LineHeight - Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_y);
} else { this.endHeight = this.LineHeight - Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_x);
} //this.endHeight = ( this.LineHeight * (Math.abs(this.flag_y) + Math.abs(this.flag_x)) - Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) + Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell)) / 2;
}
} if (this.cellIndex < this.cells.length - 1) {
myEnd = false; this.deta_x = this.cells[this.cellIndex+1].x_cell-this.destination.x_d; this.deta_y = this.cells[this.cellIndex+1].y_cell-this.destination.y_d; this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y); if (this.deta > 0) { this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta; this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta; if (this.endHeight > 0) {
canvas.moveTo(this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell, this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell);
canvas.lineTo(this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell + this.flag_x * (this.endHeight ), this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell + this.flag_y * this.endHeight); this.x_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell + this.flag_x * ( this.endHeight); this.y_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell + this.flag_y * ( this.endHeight); if(Math.abs(this.destination.x_d-this.x_now)>this.LineHeight*Math.abs(this.flag_x)||Math.abs(this.destination.y_d-this.y_now)>this.LineHeight*Math.abs(this.flag_y)){ this.x_now+=this.LineHeight*this.flag_x; this.y_now+=this.LineHeight*this.flag_y;
} else{ this.x_now=this.destination.x_d; this.y_now=this.destination.y_d;
} if (this.endHeight < 0) { this.endHeight = Math.abs(this.endHeight); this.x_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell + this.flag_x * (this.endHeight); this.y_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell + this.flag_y * (this.endHeight);
} if (this.endHeight == 0 && this.cellIndex > 0) { this.x_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell; this.y_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell;
} if (this.cellIndex == 0) { this.x_now = this.firstX; this.y_now = this.firstY; if (this.beginHeight > 0) {
canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);
canvas.lineTo(this.x_now + this.flag_x * this.beginHeight, this.y_now + this.flag_y * this.beginHeight);
} this.x_now += this.flag_x * (this.beginHeight + this.LineHeight); this.y_now += this.flag_y * (this.beginHeight + this.LineHeight);
} while ((Math.abs(this.x_now - this.destination.x_d) >= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.y_now - this.destination.y_d) >this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y))||(Math.abs(this.x_now - this.destination.x_d) > this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.y_now - this.destination.y_d) >=this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y))) {
canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);
canvas.lineTo(this.x_now + this.flag_x * this.LineHeight, this.y_now + this.flag_y * this.LineHeight); this.x_now += this.flag_x * this.LineHeight; this.y_now += this.flag_y * this.LineHeight; if (Math.abs(this.x_now - this.destination.x_d)<= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x)&&Math.abs(this.y_now - this.destination.y_d) <= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {
myEnd = true; break;
} else { this.x_now += this.flag_x * this.LineHeight; this.y_now += this.flag_y * this.LineHeight;
}
} if (myEnd == false && Math.abs(this.x_now - this.destination.x_d) < this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) || Math.abs(this.y_now - this.destination.y_d) < this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {
canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);
canvas.lineTo(this.destination.x_d, this.destination.y_d);
}
}
}
canvas.stroke();
canvas.closePath();
}下面代码在定义了一个水池对象，并赋予了相应的属性值，最后将定义的对象添加到ｃａｎｖａｓ画布中。
var SC01 = canvas.display.SC_show({ x: 326, y: 200,
Width: 181,
Height: 438,
height_now: 0,
trail_flag: 0,
t: 0,
fill: color_SC,
speed:speed_SC,
full:0,
start:0
});canvas.addChild(SC01);下面的代码定义了一个管道对象，并且给管道对象赋予了一些初始值，最后添加到ｃａｎｖａｓ画布中。
var GD01 = canvas.display.GD({ x: 0, y: 0,
destination: {
x_d: 0, y_d: 0
},
cells: [
{x_cell: 195, y_cell: 587},
{x_cell: 335, y_cell: 587}
],
deta: 1,
deta_x: 1,
deta_y: 0,
flag_x: 1,
flag_y: 0,
cellIndex: 0,
Speed: speed_all,
GDwidth: width_all,
LineHeight: 10,
x_now: 0,
y_now: 0,
firstX: 0,
firstY: 0,
beginHeight: 0,
endHeight: 0,
legacyHeight: 0,
paused: 1,
fill:color_GD,
full:0
});
canvas.addChild(GD01);具体动画的流程控制如下：
canvas.setLoop(function () {
／／下面６个ａｄｖａｎｃｅ函数实现每一帧中的动画对象的更新操作
GD01.advance();
SC01.advance();
SC02.advance();
GD02.advance();
SC03.advance();
GD03.advance();
／／下面几个ｉｆ语句实现动画的流程控制
if(GD01.full==1){
SC01.start = 1;
SC02.start = 1;
}
if(SC02.full==1){
GD02.paused = 1;
}
if(GD02.full==1) {
SC03.start = 1;
arrow_1.start();
arrow_2.start();
}
if(SC03.full==1) {
GD03.paused = 1;
}
canvas.redraw(); ／／重绘画布
}).start(); ／／循环开始【相关推荐】
1. 特别推荐：“php程序员工具箱”V0.1版本下载
3. h5 Canvas中Fill 与Stroke文字效果实现实例
Atas ialah kandungan terperinci 分享用canvas实现水流和水池动画的代码. Untuk maklumat lanjut, sila ikut artikel berkaitan lain di laman web China PHP!
Apakah kaedah penghasilan penghasilan animasi html5?
Pengenalan kepada penggunaan kod keseluruhan vbs
Bagaimana untuk membuka fail format csv
Pengenalan kepada protokol xmpp
konsol.readline
penukaran pengekodan unicode
Disyorkan apl perisian spekulasi mata wang yang mudah digunakan dan formal pada tahun 2024
Bagaimana untuk menangani aksara Cina yang kacau dalam Linux
![[Web front-end] Permulaan pantas Node.js](https://img.php.cn/upload/course/000/000/067/662b5d34ba7c0227.png)
