创建了窗口之后,如果要想运行时能够看见窗口,我们还需要显式的设置显示窗口:
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW); UpdateWindow(hWnd);
ShowWindow和UpdateWindow都是系统的API,前者是设置窗口的显示属性。后者重新更新窗口属性,只有更新之后,属性才会生效。经过了上述步骤,我们的WinMain函数已经变成了如下:
int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance, _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, _In_ LPWSTR lpCmdLine, _In_ int nCmdShow) { //注册窗口类 WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof(wce); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = hInstance; wce.lpfnWndProc = wndProc; wce.lpszClassName = “Main”; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx(&wce); if (!nAtom ) { MessageBox(NULL, "注册失败", "Infor", MB_OK); return 0; } //创建窗口 HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0, “Main”, “Window”, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInstance, NULL); //显示窗口 ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW); UpdateWindow(hWnd); }
所谓的消息循环,其实就是一个死循环,不断的通过GetMessage捕捉着窗口的消息,再通过TranslateMessage将虚拟键消息转换为字符消息,然后通过DispatchMessage将消息分派给我们的窗口程序进行处理(所谓处理就是调用我们定义的窗口处理函数WinProc):
void Message() { MSG nMsg = { 0 }; while (GetMessage(&nMsg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&nMsg); DispatchMessage(&nMsg); } }
完成了消息循环之后,我们最终的代码如下(这里面对窗口注册的程序进行了封装,但是过程是一致的):
#include<windows.h> HINSTANCE g_hInstance = 0; //窗口处理函数 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (uMsg) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage返回0 break; default: break; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam); } //注册窗口类 BOOL Register(LPSTR lpClassName, WNDPROC wndProc) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof(wce); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInstance; wce.lpfnWndProc = wndProc; wce.lpszClassName = lpClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx(&wce); if (nAtom == 0) return FALSE; return true; } //创建主窗口 HWND CreateMain(LPSTR lpClassName, LPSTR lpWndName) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0, lpClassName, lpWndName, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInstance, NULL); return hWnd; } //显示窗口 void Display(HWND hWnd) { ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW); UpdateWindow(hWnd); } //消息循环 void Message() { MSG nMsg = { 0 }; while (GetMessage(&nMsg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&nMsg); DispatchMessage(&nMsg); } } int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance, _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, _In_ LPWSTR lpCmdLine, _In_ int nCmdShow) { // TODO: Place code here. g_hInstance = hInstance; BOOL nRet = Register("Main", WndProc); if (!nRet) { MessageBox(NULL, "注册失败", "Infor", MB_OK); return 0; } HWND hWnd = CreateMain("Main", "window"); Display(hWnd); Message(); return 0; }
就此我们完成了窗口处理的整个过程,运行程序,成功创建并显示的一个Windows窗口:
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