MySQL主从复制环境可以说是一切高可用的基础。它的原理也比较简单,下面我们先来了解下主从复制的原理:
虽然图上一共有7步,可以简化一下帮助记忆和理解:
Master上进行改、写操作;
MySQL把修改数据写进binlog;
Slave发起IO thread,把master上新的binlog拉取到本地中继日志中;
重放中继日志,让在master上面的修改、新增操作在Slave本机上重新运行一遍;
Slave按照正常的操作也会把操作写进本地的binlog。
本人有阿里云、腾讯云各一台屌丝机,因此用来试验,为保护隐私,把ip已经替换了,但不影响操作。
主机 | ip | 端口 | 版本 | 主从 |
---|---|---|---|---|
阿里云 | 192.168.1.100 | 3306 | MySQL5.7.14 | Master |
腾讯云 | 192.168.1.200 | 3306 | MySQL5.7.18 | Slave |
在/etc/my.cnf中的mysqld选项下编辑,然后重启
[mysqld] log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=1003306
/etc/init.d/mysql restart
mysql> CREATE USER 'repl'@'%.mydomain.com' IDENTIFIED BY 'slave; mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.1.200';
使用mysqldump导出所有数据库数据,另外备份文件中会记录当前的binlog文件和position。
#防止DDL、写操作 mysql>FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; shell>mysqldump -uroot -p --single-transaction --master-data=2 -A>back.sql
也通过以下方式可以查看:
root@localhost [mysql]>show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000045 | 939 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
解锁表
mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
如果数据文件偏大或者数据多,可以使用percona的xtrabackup进行备份压缩,再传过去。
rsync back.sql root@192.168.1.200:/root
在/etc/my.cnf中的mysqld选项下编辑
[mysqld] log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=2003306
重启MySQL服务
shell>mysqldump -uroot -p --databases t1 <back.sql
这里的MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS是刚才show master status的值,当然也可以使用more查看应该指定的位置。
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.200',MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='slave',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000045',MASTER_LOG_POS=939;
这里的MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS是刚才show master status的值,当然也可以使用more查看应该指定的位置。
shell>more back.sql -- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.7.14, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.7.14-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from -- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000045', MASTER_LOG_POS=939;
mysql>start slave; mysql>show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.200 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000045 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 939 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000045 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 939 Relay_Log_Space: 154 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 23306 Master_UUID: 9a13d860-b55b-11e6-bf33-00163e054164 Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: 3feb36dc-ef7e-11e6-a535-52540043f116:1-337886 Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
这里看到Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running双YES一般就没有问题了。
现在可以在主上面进行一些新建数据库、新建数据表、插入输出等方式来验证是否主从生效。此步骤就大家自己随意发挥吧!
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