我们知道,线程池帮我们重复管理线程,避免创建大量的线程增加开销。
合理的使用线程池能够带来3个很明显的好处:
1.降低资源消耗:通过重用已经创建的线程来降低线程创建和销毁的消耗
2.提高响应速度:任务到达时不需要等待线程创建就可以立即执行。
3.提高线程的可管理性:线程池可以统一管理、分配、调优和监控。
java源生的线程池,实现于ThreadPoolExecutor类,这也是我们今天讨论的重点
Jdk使用ThreadPoolExecutor类来创建线程池,我们来看看它的构造方法。
/** * Creates a new {@code ThreadPoolExecutor} with the given initial * parameters. * * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even * if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set * @param maximumPoolSize the maximum number of threads to allow in the * pool * @param keepAliveTime when the number of threads is greater than * the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads * will wait for new tasks before terminating. * @param unit the time unit for the {@code keepAliveTime} argument * @param workQueue the queue to use for holding tasks before they are * executed. This queue will hold only the {@code Runnable} * tasks submitted by the {@code execute} method. * @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor * creates a new thread * @param handler the handler to use when execution is blocked * because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the following holds:<br> * {@code corePoolSize < 0}<br> * {@code keepAliveTime < 0}<br> * {@code maximumPoolSize <= 0}<br> * {@code maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize} * @throws NullPointerException if {@code workQueue} * or {@code threadFactory} or {@code handler} is null */ public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler handler) { if (corePoolSize < 0 || maximumPoolSize <= 0 || maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize || keepAliveTime < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null) throw new NullPointerException(); this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize; this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize; this.workQueue = workQueue; this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime); this.threadFactory = threadFactory; this.handler = handler; }
int corePoolSize, //核心线程的数量
int maximumPoolSize, //最大线程数量
long keepAliveTime, //超出核心线程数量以外的线程空闲时,线程存活的时间
TimeUnit unit, //存活时间的单位
BlockingQueue ThreadFactory threadFactory, //创建新线程使用的工厂 RejectedExecutionHandler handler // 当任务无法执行时的处理器(线程拒绝策略) ThreadPoolExecutor中有一个控制状态的属性叫ctl,它是一个AtomicInteger类型的变量,它一个int值可以储存两个概念的信息: workerCount:表明当前池中有效的线程数,通过workerCountOf方法获得,workerCount上限是(2^29)-1。(最后存放在ctl的低29bit) runState:表明当前线程池的状态,通过workerCountOf方法获得,最后存放在ctl的高3bit中,他们是整个线程池的运行生命周期,有如下取值,分别的含义是: RUNNING:可以新加线程,同时可以处理queue中的线程。 SHUTDOWN:不增加新线程,但是处理queue中的线程。 STOP 不增加新线程,同时不处理queue中的线程。 TIDYING 所有的线程都终止了(queue中),同时workerCount为0,那么此时进入TIDYING TERMINATED terminated()方法结束,变为TERMINATED COUNT_BITS=32(integer的size)-3=29,于是五种状态左移29位分别是: RUNNING: 11100000000000000000000000000000 SHUTDOWN: 00000000000000000000000000000000 STOP: 00100000000000000000000000000000 TIDYING: 01000000000000000000000000000000 TERMINATED:01100000000000000000000000000000 而ThreadPoolExecutor是通过runStateOf和workerCountOf获得者两个概念的值的。 runStateOf和workerCountOf方法是如何剥离出ctl变量的两个有效值呢?这其中我们可以看到CAPACITY是实现一个字段存两个值的最重要的字段。 CAPACITY=(1 << COUNT_BITS) – 1 转成二进制为:000 11111111111111111111111111111,他是线程池理论上可以允许的最大的线程数。 一个BlockingQueue 一个HashSet Worker类是线程池中具化一个线程的对象,是线程池的核心,我们来看看源码: 我们看worker类时,会发现最重要的几个部分在于它里面定义了一个Thread thread和Runnable firstTask。看到这里,我们可能会比较奇怪,我们只是要一个可以执行的线程,这里放一个Thread和一个Runnable的变量做什么呢? 好了,基本上我们将线程池的几个主角,ctl,workQueue,workers,Worker简单介绍了一遍,现在,我们来看看线程池是怎么玩的。 这是线程池实现类外露供给外部实现提交线程任务command的核心方法,对于无需了解线程池内部的使用者来说,这个方法就是把某个任务交给线程池,正常情况下,这个任务会在未来某个时刻被执行,实现和注释如下: 我们可以简单归纳如下(注:图来源见水印,谢谢大神的归纳): 在execute方法中,我们看到核心的逻辑是由addWorker方法来实现的,当我们将一个任务提交给线程池,线程池会如何处理,就是主要由这个方法加以规范:
该方法有两个参数: firstTask: worker线程的初始任务,可以为空 core: true:将corePoolSize作为上限,false:将maximumPoolSize作为上限 排列组合,addWorker方法有4种传参的方式: 在execute方法中就使用了前3种,结合这个核心方法进行以下分析 同样的,我们可以归纳一下: 在addWorker方法中,我们将一个新增进去的worker所组合的线程属性thread启动了,但我们知道,在worker的构造方法中,它将自己本身注入到了thread的target属性里,所以绕了一圈,线程启动后,调用的还是worker的run方法,而在这里面,runWorker定义了线程执行的逻辑: 我们归纳: runWorker方法中的getTask()方法是线程处理完一个任务后,从队列中获取新任务的实现,也是处理判断一个线程是否应该被销毁的逻辑所在: 归纳:
在runWorker方法中,我们看到当不满足while条件后,线程池会执行退出线程的操作,这个操作,就封装在processWorkerExit方法中。 总而言之:如果线程池还没有完全终止,就仍需要保持一定数量的线程。 线程池状态是running 或 shutdown的情况下: 前面我们讲过execute方法,其作用是将一个任务提交给线程池,以期在未来的某个时间点被执行。 源码很简单,submit方法,将任务task封装成FutureTask(newTaskFor方法中就是new了一个FutureTask),然后调用execute。所以submit方法和execute的所有区别,都在这FutureTask所带来的差异化实现上。 总而言之,submit方法将一个任务task用future模式封装成FutureTask对象,提交给线程执行,并将这个FutureTask对象返回,以供主线程在该任务被线程池执行之后得到执行结果。 注意,获得执行结果的方法FutureTask.get(),会阻塞执行该方法的线程。 Atas ialah kandungan terperinci java基础——线程池源码分析 . Untuk maklumat lanjut, sila ikut artikel berkaitan lain di laman web China PHP!核心类变量
ctl变量
private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
private static final int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;
// runState is stored in the high-order bits
private static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;
// Packing and unpacking ctl
private static int runStateOf(int c) { return c & ~CAPACITY; }
private static int workerCountOf(int c) { return c & CAPACITY; }
private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; }
CAPACITY变量
所以很明显,它的重点在于,其高3bit为0,低29bit为1;
这样,workderCountOf方法中,CAPACITY和ctl进行&运算时,它能获得高3位都是0,低29位和ctl低29位相同的值,这个值就是workerCount;
同理,runStateOf方法,CAPACITY的取反和ctl进行&操作,获得高3位和ctl高三位相等,低29位都为0的值,这个值就是runState;workQueue
/**
* The queue used for holding tasks and handing off to worker
* threads. We do not require that workQueue.poll() returning
* null necessarily means that workQueue.isEmpty(), so rely
* solely on isEmpty to see if the queue is empty (which we must
* do for example when deciding whether to transition from
* SHUTDOWN to TIDYING). This accommodates special-purpose
* queues such as DelayQueues for which poll() is allowed to
* return null even if it may later return non-null when delays
* expire.
*/
private final BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue;
workers
/**
* Set containing all worker threads in pool. Accessed only when
* holding mainLock.
*/
private final HashSet<Worker> workers = new HashSet<Worker>();
核心内部类
Worker
/**
* Class Worker mainly maintains interrupt control state for
* threads running tasks, along with other minor bookkeeping.
* This class opportunistically extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
* to simplify acquiring and releasing a lock surrounding each
* task execution. This protects against interrupts that are
* intended to wake up a worker thread waiting for a task from
* instead interrupting a task being run. We implement a simple
* non-reentrant mutual exclusion lock rather than use
* ReentrantLock because we do not want worker tasks to be able to
* reacquire the lock when they invoke pool control methods like
* setCorePoolSize. Additionally, to suppress interrupts until
* the thread actually starts running tasks, we initialize lock
* state to a negative value, and clear it upon start (in
* runWorker).
*/
private final class Worker
extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
implements Runnable
{
/**
* This class will never be serialized, but we provide a
* serialVersionUID to suppress a javac warning.
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6138294804551838833L;
/** Thread this worker is running in. Null if factory fails. */
final Thread thread;
/** Initial task to run. Possibly null. */
Runnable firstTask;
/** Per-thread task counter */
volatile long completedTasks;
/**
* Creates with given first task and thread from ThreadFactory.
* @param firstTask the first task (null if none)
*/
Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
//设置AQS的同步状态private volatile int state,是一个计数器,大于0代表锁已经被获取
// 在调用runWorker()前,禁止interrupt中断,在interruptIfStarted()方法中会判断 getState()>=0
setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
this.firstTask = firstTask;
this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);//根据当前worker创建一个线程对象
//当前worker本身就是一个runnable任务,也就是不会用参数的firstTask创建线程,而是调用当前worker.run()时调用firstTask.run()
//后面在addworker中,我们会启动worker对象中组合的Thread,而我们的执行逻辑runWorker方法是在worker的run方法中被调用。
//为什么执行thread的run方法会调用worker的run方法呢,原因就是在这里进行了注入,将worker本身this注入到了thread中
}
/** Delegates main run loop to outer runWorker */
public void run() {
runWorker(this);
}//runWorker()是ThreadPoolExecutor的方法
// Lock methods
//
// The value 0 represents the unlocked state. 0代表“没被锁定”状态
// The value 1 represents the locked state. 1代表“锁定”状态
protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
return getState() != 0;
}
/**
* 尝试获取锁
* 重写AQS的tryAcquire(),AQS本来就是让子类来实现的
*/
protected boolean tryAcquire(int unused) {
//尝试一次将state从0设置为1,即“锁定”状态,但由于每次都是state 0->1,而不是+1,那么说明不可重入
//且state==-1时也不会获取到锁
if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* 尝试释放锁
* 不是state-1,而是置为0
*/
protected boolean tryRelease(int unused) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
setState(0);
return true;
}
public void lock() { acquire(1); }
public boolean tryLock() { return tryAcquire(1); }
public void unlock() { release(1); }
public boolean isLocked() { return isHeldExclusively(); }
/**
* 中断(如果运行)
* shutdownNow时会循环对worker线程执行
* 且不需要获取worker锁,即使在worker运行时也可以中断
*/
void interruptIfStarted() {
Thread t;
//如果state>=0、t!=null、且t没有被中断
//new Worker()时state==-1,说明不能中断
if (getState() >= 0 && (t = thread) != null && !t.isInterrupted()) {
try {
t.interrupt();
} catch (SecurityException ignore) {
}
}
}
}
其实之所以Worker自己实现Runnable,并创建Thread,在firstTask外包一层,是因为要通过Worker负责控制中断,而firstTask这个工作任务只是负责执行业务,worker的run方法调用了runWorker方法,在这里面,worker里的firstTask的run方法被执行。稍后我们会聚焦这个执行任务的runWorker方法。核心方法
execute方法
/**
* Executes the given task sometime in the future. The task
* may execute in a new thread or in an existing pooled thread.
* * 在未来的某个时刻执行给定的任务。这个任务用一个新线程执行,或者用一个线程池中已经存在的线程执行
*
* If the task cannot be submitted for execution, either because this
* executor has been shutdown or because its capacity has been reached,
* the task is handled by the current {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}.
* 如果任务无法被提交执行,要么是因为这个Executor已经被shutdown关闭,要么是已经达到其容量上限,任务会被当前的RejectedExecutionHandler处理
*
* @param command the task to execute
* @throws RejectedExecutionException at discretion of
* {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}, if the task
* cannot be accepted for execution
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code command} is null
*/
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
/*
* Proceed in 3 steps:
*
* 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
* start a new thread with the given command as its first
* task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
* workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
* threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
* 如果运行的线程少于corePoolSize,尝试开启一个新线程去运行command,command作为这个线程的第一个任务
*
* 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
* to double-check whether we should have added a thread
* (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
* the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
* recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
* stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
* 如果任务成功放入队列,我们仍需要一个双重校验去确认是否应该新建一个线程(因为可能存在有些线程在我们上次检查后死了)
* 或者 从我们进入这个方法后,pool被关闭了
* 所以我们需要再次检查state,如果线程池停止了需要回滚入队列,如果池中没有线程了,新开启 一个线程
*
* 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
* thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
* and so reject the task.
* 如果无法将任务入队列(可能队列满了),需要新开区一个线程(自己:往maxPoolSize发展)
* 如果失败了,说明线程池shutdown 或者 饱和了,所以我们拒绝任务
*/
int c = ctl.get();
// 1、如果当前线程数少于corePoolSize(可能是由于addWorker()操作已经包含对线程池状态的判断,如此处没加,而入workQueue前加了)
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
/**
* 没有成功addWorker(),再次获取c(凡是需要再次用ctl做判断时,都会再次调用ctl.get())
* 失败的原因可能是:
* 1、线程池已经shutdown,shutdown的线程池不再接收新任务
* 2、workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize 判断后,由于并发,别的线程先创建了worker线程,导致workerCount>=corePoolSize
*/
c = ctl.get();
}
/**
* 2、如果线程池RUNNING状态,且入队列成功
*/
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
/**
* 再次校验放入workerQueue中的任务是否能被执行
* 1、如果线程池不是运行状态了,应该拒绝添加新任务,从workQueue中删除任务
* 2、如果线程池是运行状态,或者从workQueue中删除任务失败(刚好有一个线程执行完毕,并消耗了这个任务),
* 确保还有线程执行任务(只要有一个就够了)
*/
//如果再次校验过程中,线程池不是RUNNING状态,并且remove(command)--workQueue.remove()成功,拒绝当前command
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
//如果当前worker数量为0,通过addWorker(null, false)创建一个线程,其任务为null
//为什么只检查运行的worker数量是不是0呢?? 为什么不和corePoolSize比较呢??
//只保证有一个worker线程可以从queue中获取任务执行就行了??
//因为只要还有活动的worker线程,就可以消费workerQueue中的任务
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);//第一个参数为null,说明只为新建一个worker线程,没有指定firstTask
////第二个参数为true代表占用corePoolSize,false占用maxPoolSize
}
/**
* 3、如果线程池不是running状态 或者 无法入队列
* 尝试开启新线程,扩容至maxPoolSize,如果addWork(command, false)失败了,拒绝当前command
*/
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
reject(command);
}
addWorker
1、addWorker(command, true)
2、addWorker(command, false)
3、addWorker(null, false)
4、addWorker(null, true)
第一个:线程数小于corePoolSize时,放一个需要处理的task进Workers Set。如果Workers Set长度超过corePoolSize,就返回false
第二个:当队列被放满时,就尝试将这个新来的task直接放入Workers Set,而此时Workers Set的长度限制是maximumPoolSize。如果线程池也满了的话就返回false
第三个:放入一个空的task进workers Set,长度限制是maximumPoolSize。这样一个task为空的worker在线程执行的时候会去任务队列里拿任务,这样就相当于创建了一个新的线程,只是没有马上分配任务
第四个:这个方法就是放一个null的task进Workers Set,而且是在小于corePoolSize时,如果此时Set中的数量已经达到corePoolSize那就返回false,什么也不干。实际使用中是在prestartAllCoreThreads()方法,这个方法用来为线程池预先启动corePoolSize个worker等待从workQueue中获取任务执行
/**
* Checks if a new worker can be added with respect to current
* pool state and the given bound (either core or maximum). If so,
* the worker count is adjusted accordingly, and, if possible, a
* new worker is created and started, running firstTask as its
* first task. This method returns false if the pool is stopped or
* eligible to shut down. It also returns false if the thread
* factory fails to create a thread when asked. If the thread
* creation fails, either due to the thread factory returning
* null, or due to an exception (typically OutOfMemoryError in
* Thread.start()), we roll back cleanly.
* 检查根据当前线程池的状态和给定的边界(core or maximum)是否可以创建一个新的worker
* 如果是这样的话,worker的数量做相应的调整,如果可能的话,创建一个新的worker并启动,参数中的firstTask作为worker的第一个任务
* 如果方法返回false,可能因为pool已经关闭或者调用过了shutdown
* 如果线程工厂创建线程失败,也会失败,返回false
* 如果线程创建失败,要么是因为线程工厂返回null,要么是发生了OutOfMemoryError
*
* @param firstTask the task the new thread should run first (or
* null if none). Workers are created with an initial first task
* (in method execute()) to bypass queuing when there are fewer
* than corePoolSize threads (in which case we always start one),
* or when the queue is full (in which case we must bypass queue).
* Initially idle threads are usually created via
* prestartCoreThread or to replace other dying workers.
*
* @param core if true use corePoolSize as bound, else
* maximumPoolSize. (A boolean indicator is used here rather than a
* value to ensure reads of fresh values after checking other pool
* state).
* @return true if successful
*/
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
//外层循环,负责判断线程池状态
retry:
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
/**
* 线程池的state越小越是运行状态,runnbale=-1,shutdown=0,stop=1,tidying=2,terminated=3
* 1、如果线程池state已经至少是shutdown状态了
* 2、并且以下3个条件任意一个是false
* rs == SHUTDOWN (隐含:rs>=SHUTDOWN)false情况: 线程池状态已经超过shutdown,
* 可能是stop、tidying、terminated其中一个,即线程池已经终止
* firstTask == null (隐含:rs==SHUTDOWN)false情况: firstTask不为空,rs==SHUTDOWN 且 firstTask不为空,
* return false,场景是在线程池已经shutdown后,还要添加新的任务,拒绝
* ! workQueue.isEmpty() (隐含:rs==SHUTDOWN,firstTask==null)false情况: workQueue为空,
* 当firstTask为空时是为了创建一个没有任务的线程,再从workQueue中获取任务,
* 如果workQueue已经为空,那么就没有添加新worker线程的必要了
* return false,即无法addWorker()
*/
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
firstTask == null &&
! workQueue.isEmpty()))
return false;
//内层循环,负责worker数量+1
for (;;) {
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
//入参core在这里起作用,表示加入的worker是加入corePool还是非corepool,换句话说,受到哪个size的约束
//如果worker数量>线程池最大上限CAPACITY(即使用int低29位可以容纳的最大值)
//或者( worker数量>corePoolSize 或 worker数量>maximumPoolSize ),即已经超过了给定的边界,不添加worker
if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
return false;
//CAS尝试增加线程数,,如果成功加了wc,那么break跳出检查
//如果失败,证明有竞争,那么重新到retry。
if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
break retry;
//如果不成功,重新获取状态继续检查
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
//如果状态不等于之前获取的state,跳出内层循环,继续去外层循环判断
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
continue retry;
// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
// else CAS失败时因为workerCount改变了,继续内层循环尝试CAS对worker数量+1
}
}
//worker数量+1成功的后续操作
// 添加到workers Set集合,并启动worker线程
boolean workerStarted = false;
boolean workerAdded = false;
Worker w = null;
try {
//新建worker//构造方法做了三件事//1、设置worker这个AQS锁的同步状态state=-1
w = new Worker(firstTask); //2、将firstTask设置给worker的成员变量firstTask
//3、使用worker自身这个runnable,调用ThreadFactory创建一个线程,并设置给worker的成员变量thread
final Thread t = w.thread;
if (t != null) {
//获取重入锁,并且锁上
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try {
int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());
// rs!=SHUTDOWN ||firstTask!=null
// 如果线程池在运行running<shutdown 或者
// 线程池已经shutdown,且firstTask==null(可能是workQueue中仍有未执行完成的任务,创建没有初始任务的worker线程执行)
// worker数量-1的操作在addWorkerFailed()
if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
if (t.isAlive()) // // precheck that t is startable 线程已经启动,抛非法线程状态异常
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
workers.add(w);
//设置最大的池大小largestPoolSize,workerAdded设置为true
int s = workers.size();
if (s > largestPoolSize)
largestPoolSize = s;
workerAdded = true;
}
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
if (workerAdded) {//如果往HashSet中添加worker成功,启动线程
//通过t.start()方法正式执行线程。在这里一个线程才算是真正的执行起来了。
t.start();
workerStarted = true;
}
}
} finally {
//如果启动线程失败
if (! workerStarted)
addWorkerFailed(w);
}
return workerStarted;
}
runWorker方法
/**
* Main worker run loop. Repeatedly gets tasks from queue and
* executes them, while coping with a number of issues:
*
* 1. We may start out with an initial task, in which case we
* don't need to get the first one. Otherwise, as long as pool is
* running, we get tasks from getTask. If it returns null then the
* worker exits due to changed pool state or configuration
* parameters. Other exits result from exception throws in
* external code, in which case completedAbruptly holds, which
* usually leads processWorkerExit to replace this thread.
* 我们可能使用一个初始化任务开始,即firstTask为null
* 然后只要线程池在运行,我们就从getTask()获取任务
* 如果getTask()返回null,则worker由于改变了线程池状态或参数配置而退出
* 其它退出因为外部代码抛异常了,这会使得completedAbruptly为true,这会导致在processWorkerExit()方法中替换当前线程
*
* 2. Before running any task, the lock is acquired to prevent
* other pool interrupts while the task is executing, and then we
* ensure that unless pool is stopping, this thread does not have
* its interrupt set.
* 在任何任务执行之前,都需要对worker加锁去防止在任务运行时,其它的线程池中断操作
* clearInterruptsForTaskRun保证除非线程池正在stoping,线程不会被设置中断标示
*
* 3. Each task run is preceded by a call to beforeExecute, which
* might throw an exception, in which case we cause thread to die
* (breaking loop with completedAbruptly true) without processing
* the task.
* 每个任务执行前会调用beforeExecute(),其中可能抛出一个异常,这种情况下会导致线程die(跳出循环,且completedAbruptly==true),没有执行任务
* 因为beforeExecute()的异常没有cache住,会上抛,跳出循环
*
* 4. Assuming beforeExecute completes normally, we run the task,
* gathering any of its thrown exceptions to send to afterExecute.
* We separately handle RuntimeException, Error (both of which the
* specs guarantee that we trap) and arbitrary Throwables.
* Because we cannot rethrow Throwables within Runnable.run, we
* wrap them within Errors on the way out (to the thread's
* UncaughtExceptionHandler). Any thrown exception also
* conservatively causes thread to die.
*
* 5. After task.run completes, we call afterExecute, which may
* also throw an exception, which will also cause thread to
* die. According to JLS Sec 14.20, this exception is the one that
* will be in effect even if task.run throws.
*
* The net effect of the exception mechanics is that afterExecute
* and the thread's UncaughtExceptionHandler have as accurate
* information as we can provide about any problems encountered by
* user code.
*
* @param w the worker
*/
final void runWorker(Worker w) {
Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
Runnable task = w.firstTask;
w.firstTask = null;
w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
//标识线程是不是异常终止的
boolean completedAbruptly = true;
try {
//task不为null情况是初始化worker时,如果task为null,则去队列中取线程--->getTask()
//可以看到,只要getTask方法被调用且返回null,那么worker必定被销毁,而确定一个线程是否应该被销毁的逻辑,在getTask方法中
while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
w.lock();
if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
(Thread.interrupted() &&
runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
!wt.isInterrupted())
wt.interrupt();
try {
//线程开始执行之前执行此方法,可以实现Worker未执行退出,本类中未实现
beforeExecute(wt, task);
Throwable thrown = null;
try {
task.run();//runWorker方法最本质的存在意义,就是调用task的run方法
} catch (RuntimeException x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Error x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Throwable x) {
thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
} finally {
//线程执行后执行,可以实现标识Worker异常中断的功能,本类中未实现
afterExecute(task, thrown);
}
} finally {
task = null;//运行过的task标null
w.completedTasks++;
w.unlock();
}
}
//标识线程不是异常终止的,是因为不满足while条件,被迫销毁的
completedAbruptly = false;
} finally {
//处理worker退出的逻辑
processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
}
}
getTask方法
/**
* Performs blocking or timed wait for a task, depending on
* current configuration settings, or returns null if this worker
* must exit because of any of: 以下情况会返回null
* 1. There are more than maximumPoolSize workers (due to
* a call to setMaximumPoolSize).
* 超过了maximumPoolSize设置的线程数量(因为调用了setMaximumPoolSize())
* 2. The pool is stopped.
* 线程池被stop
* 3. The pool is shutdown and the queue is empty.
* 线程池被shutdown,并且workQueue空了
* 4. This worker timed out waiting for a task, and timed-out
* workers are subject to termination (that is,
* {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut || workerCount > corePoolSize})
* both before and after the timed wait.
* 线程等待任务超时
*
* @return task, or null if the worker must exit, in which case
* workerCount is decremented
* 返回null表示这个worker要结束了,这种情况下workerCount-1
*/
private Runnable getTask() {
// timedOut 主要是判断后面的poll是否要超时
boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
/**
* 用于判断线程池状态
*/
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
/**
* 对线程池状态的判断,两种情况会workerCount-1,并且返回null
* 线程池状态为shutdown,且workQueue为空(反映了shutdown状态的线程池还是要执行workQueue中剩余的任务的)
* 线程池状态为>=stop()(只有TIDYING和TERMINATED会大于stop)(shutdownNow()会导致变成STOP)(此时不用考虑workQueue的情况)
*/
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
decrementWorkerCount();//循环的CAS减少worker数量,直到成功
return null;
}
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
// Are workers subject to culling?
//allowCoreThreadTimeOut字段,表示是否允许核心线程超过闲置时间后被摧毁,默认为false
//我们前面说过,如果getTask方法返回null,那么这个worker只有被销毁一途
//于是这个timed有3种情况
//(1)当没有超过核心线程,且默认allowCoreThreadTimeOut为false时
// timed值为false,除非目前线程数大于最大值,否则下面的if始终进不去,该方法不可能返回null,worker也就不可能被销毁
//(2)当超过核心线程数,且默认allowCoreThreadTimeOut为false时//timed值为true,
//(3)如果allowCoreThreadTimeOut为true,则timed始终为true
boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
//wc > maximumPoolSize则必销毁,因为wc>1也肯定满足
//wc <= maximumPoolSize,如果(timed && timedOut) = true 一般情况下也意味着worker要被销毁,因为超时一般是由阻塞队列为空造成的
//一般情况是这样,那不一般的情况呢?阻塞队列没有为空,但是因为一些原因,还是超时了,这时候取决于wc > 1,它为真就销毁,为假就不销毁。
// 也就是说,如果阻塞队列还有任务,但是wc=1,线程池里只剩下自己这个线程了,那么就不能销毁,这个if不满足,我们的代码继续往下走
//当核心线程数<线程数<最大线程数,或者允许核心线程超时时,
if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
&& (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
return null;
continue;
}
try {
//如果timed为true那么使用poll取线程。否则使用take()
Runnable r = timed ?
workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
//workQueue.poll():如果在keepAliveTime时间内,阻塞队列还是没有任务,返回null
workQueue.take();
//workQueue.take():如果阻塞队列为空,当前线程会被挂起等待;当队列中有任务加入时,线程被唤醒,take方法返回任务
//如果正常返回,那么返回取到的task。
if (r != null)
return r;
//否则,设为超时,重新执行循环,
timedOut = true;
} catch (InterruptedException retry) {
//在阻塞从workQueue中获取任务时,可以被interrupt()中断,代码中捕获了InterruptedException,重置timedOut为初始值false,再次执行第1步中的判断,满足就继续获取任务,不满足return null,会进入worker退出的流程
timedOut = false;
}
}
processWorkerExit方法
/**
* Performs cleanup and bookkeeping for a dying worker. Called
* only from worker threads. Unless completedAbruptly is set,
* assumes that workerCount has already been adjusted to account
* for exit. This method removes thread from worker set, and
* possibly terminates the pool or replaces the worker if either
* it exited due to user task exception or if fewer than
* corePoolSize workers are running or queue is non-empty but
* there are no workers.
*
* @param w the worker
* @param completedAbruptly if the worker died due to user exception
*/
private void processWorkerExit(Worker w, boolean completedAbruptly) {
//参数:
//worker: 要结束的worker
//completedAbruptly: 是否突然完成(是否因为异常退出)
/**
* 1、worker数量-1
* 如果是突然终止,说明是task执行时异常情况导致,即run()方法执行时发生了异常,那么正在工作的worker线程数量需要-1
* 如果不是突然终止,说明是worker线程没有task可执行了,不用-1,因为已经在getTask()方法中-1了
*/
if (completedAbruptly) // If abrupt, then workerCount wasn't adjusted 代码和注释正好相反啊
decrementWorkerCount();
/**
* 2、从Workers Set中移除worker
*/
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try {
completedTaskCount += w.completedTasks; //把worker的完成任务数加到线程池的完成任务数
workers.remove(w); //从HashSet<Worker>中移除
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
/**
* 3、在对线程池有负效益的操作时,都需要“尝试终止”线程池
* 主要是判断线程池是否满足终止的状态
* 如果状态满足,但线程池还有线程,尝试对其发出中断响应,使其能进入退出流程
* 没有线程了,更新状态为tidying->terminated
*/
tryTerminate();
/**
* 4、是否需要增加worker线程
* 线程池状态是running 或 shutdown
* 如果当前线程是突然终止的,addWorker()
* 如果当前线程不是突然终止的,但当前线程数量 < 要维护的线程数量,addWorker()
* 故如果调用线程池shutdown(),直到workQueue为空前,线程池都会维持corePoolSize个线程,然后再逐渐销毁这corePoolSize个线程
*/
int c = ctl.get();
//如果状态是running、shutdown,即tryTerminate()没有成功终止线程池,尝试再添加一个worker
if (runStateLessThan(c, STOP)) {
//不是突然完成的,即没有task任务可以获取而完成的,计算min,并根据当前worker数量判断是否需要addWorker()
if (!completedAbruptly) {
int min = allowCoreThreadTimeOut ? 0 : corePoolSize; //allowCoreThreadTimeOut默认为false,即min默认为corePoolSize
//如果min为0,即不需要维持核心线程数量,且workQueue不为空,至少保持一个线程
if (min == 0 && ! workQueue.isEmpty())
min = 1;
//如果线程数量大于最少数量,直接返回,否则下面至少要addWorker一个
if (workerCountOf(c) >= min)
return; // replacement not needed
}
//添加一个没有firstTask的worker
//只要worker是completedAbruptly突然终止的,或者线程数量小于要维护的数量,就新添一个worker线程,即使是shutdown状态
addWorker(null, false);
}
}
A、如果当前线程是突然终止的,addWorker()
B、如果当前线程不是突然终止的,但当前线程数量 < 要维护的线程数量,addWorker()
故如果调用线程池shutdown(),直到workQueue为空前,线程池都会维持corePoolSize个线程,然后再逐渐销毁这corePoolSize个线程
submit方法
submit方法在作用上,和execute方法是一样的,将某个任务提交给线程池,让线程池调度线程去执行它。
那么它和execute方法有什么区别呢?我们来看看submit方法的源码:
submit方法的实现在ThreadPoolExecutor的父类AbstractExecutorService类中,有三种重载方法: /**
* 提交一个 Runnable 任务用于执行,并返回一个表示该任务的 Future。该Future的get方法在成功完成时将会返回null。
* submit 参数: task - 要提交的任务 返回:表示任务等待完成的 Future
* @throws RejectedExecutionException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
/**
* 提交一个Runnable 任务用于执行,并返回一个表示该任务的 Future。该 Future 的 get 方法在成功完成时将会返回给定的结果。
* submit 参数: task - 要提交的任务 result - 完成任务时要求返回的结果
* 返回: 表示任务等待完成的 Future
* @throws RejectedExecutionException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task, result);
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
/**
* 提交一个Callable的任务用于执行,返回一个表示任务的未决结果的 Future。该 Future 的 get
方法在成功完成时将会返回该任务的结果。
* 如果想立即阻塞任务的等待,则可以使用 result =
exec.submit(aCallable).get(); 形式的构造。
* 参数: task - 要提交的任务 返回: 表示任务等待完成的Future
* @throws RejectedExecutionException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
未完待续