java：http请求（代码详解）

java原生API

public class HttpRequest {

      /**
     * 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求
     * 
     * @param url
     *            发送请求的URL
     * @param param
     *            请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return URL 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {
        String result = "";
        BufferedReader in = null;        try {
            String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
            URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();            // 设置通用的请求属性
            connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent",                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");            // 建立实际的连接
            connection.connect();            // 获取所有响应头字段
            Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();            // 遍历所有的响应头字段
            for (String key : map.keySet()) {
                System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));
            }            // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    connection.getInputStream()));
            String line;            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送GET请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }        // 使用finally块来关闭输入流
        finally {            try {                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
        }        return result;
    }    /**
     * 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求
     * 
     * @param url
     *            发送请求的 URL
     * @param param
     *            请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        String result = "";        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();            // 设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");            // 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);            // 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
            out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());            // 发送请求参数
            out.print(param);            // flush输出流的缓冲
            out.flush();            // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(                    new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常！"+e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }        //使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
        finally{            try{                if(out!=null){
                    out.close();
                }                if(in!=null){
                    in.close();
                }
            }            catch(IOException ex){
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }        return result;
    }    
    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
          //发送 GET 请求//        String s=HttpRequest.sendGet("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo", "mobileCode=13069208531&userID=");//        System.out.println(s);

        //发送 POST 请求
        String sr=HttpRequest.sendPost("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo", "mobileCode=13069208531&userID=");
        System.out.println(sr);
    }

}

httpclient 需要jar包：

public class HTTPUtils {
     private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HTTPUtils.class);     private final static String OPERATER_NAME = "【HTTP操作】";     private final static int SUCCESS = 200;     private final static String UTF8 = "UTF-8";     private HttpClient client;     private final String respondTypeXML = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";     private final String respondTypeJSON = "application/json;charse=UTF-8";     private static HTTPUtils instance = new HTTPUtils();     private HTTPUtils() {
         HttpConnectionManager httpConnectionManager = new MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager();
         HttpConnectionManagerParams params = httpConnectionManager.getParams();
         params.setConnectionTimeout(5000);
         params.setSoTimeout(20000);
         params.setDefaultMaxConnectionsPerHost(1000);
         params.setMaxTotalConnections(1000);
         client = new HttpClient(httpConnectionManager);
         client.getParams().setContentCharset(UTF8);
         client.getParams().setHttpElementCharset(UTF8);
         }     public static String get(URL url) {         return instance.doGet(url);
         }    private String doGet(URL url) {        long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String respStr = "";
        HttpMethod method = null;        try {
            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "开始get通信，目标host:" + url);
            method = new GetMethod(url.toString());            // 中文转码
            method.getParams().setContentCharset(UTF8);            try {
                client.executeMethod(method);
            } catch (HttpException e) {

                logger.error(new StringBuffer("发送HTTP GET给\r\n").append(url)
                        .append("\r\nHTTP异常\r\n"), e);
            } catch (IOException e) {

                logger.error(new StringBuffer("发送HTTP GET给\r\n").append(url)
                        .append("\r\nIO异常\r\n"), e);
            }            if (method.getStatusCode() == SUCCESS) {
                respStr = method.getResponseBodyAsString();
            }
            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "通讯完成，返回码：" + method.getStatusCode());
            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "返回内容："
                    + method.getResponseBodyAsString());
            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "结束..返回结果:" + respStr);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME, e);
        }finally{            if(method != null){
                method.releaseConnection();
            }
        }        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "共计耗时:" + (endTime - beginTime) + "ms");        return respStr;
    }    /**
     * POST请求
     */
    public static String post(URL url, String content) {        return instance.doPost(url, content);
    }    private String doPost(URL url, String content) {        long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String respStr = "";
        PostMethod post = null;        try {
            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "开始post通信，目标host:" + url.toString());
            logger.info("通信内容:" + content);
            post = new PostMethod(url.toString());
            RequestEntity requestEntity = new StringRequestEntity(content,
                    respondTypeXML, UTF8);
            post.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);            // 设置格式
            post.getParams().setContentCharset(UTF8);

            client.executeMethod(post);            if (post.getStatusCode() == SUCCESS) {
                respStr = post.getResponseBodyAsString();
            }

            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "通讯完成，返回码：" + post.getStatusCode());
            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "返回内容："
                    + post.getResponseBodyAsString());
            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "结束..返回结果:" + respStr);
            post.releaseConnection();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error(OPERATER_NAME, e);
        }finally{            if(post != null){
                post.releaseConnection();
            }
        }        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "共计耗时:" + (endTime - beginTime) + "ms");        return respStr;
    }    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws MalformedURLException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
        json.put("mobileCode", "13069208531");
        json.put("userID", "");
        URL url = new URL("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo");//      URL url = new URL("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx"//              + "/getMobileCodeInfo?mobileCode=13069208531&userID=");
            String resp = post(url, json.toString());        //String resp = get(url);
        System.out.println("resp:"+resp);
    }
}

httpclient:

public class HttpClientUtil {


    public static void get(String number) throws Exception{
        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
        GetMethod get = new GetMethod("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx"
                + "/getMobileCodeInfo?mobileCode=" + number + "&userID=");        // 指定传输的格式为get请求格式
        get.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset=utf-8");        // 发送请求
        int code = client.executeMethod(get);
        System.out.println("Http:状态码为：" + code);

        String result = get.getResponseBodyAsString();
        System.out.println("返回的结果为：" + result);
    }    public static void post(String number) throws Exception {        //HttpClient：在java代码中模拟Http请求
        // 创建浏览器对象
        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();        // 填写数据，发送get或者post请求
        PostMethod post = new PostMethod("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo");        // 指定传输的格式为默认post格式
        post.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");     
        // 传输参数
        post.setParameter("mobileCode", number);
        post.setParameter("userID", "");        // 发送请求
        int code = client.executeMethod(post);
        System.out.println("Http:状态码为：" + code);

        String result = post.getResponseBodyAsString();
        System.out.println("返回的结果为：" + result);
    }    /**
     * @Description soap post方式请求，但是传输的数据为xml格式，有利于数据的维护
     * @param number
     * @throws Exception
     */
    //它有两个版本soap1.1和soap1.2，jdk1.7及以上才可以使用soap1.2。
    public void soap(String number) throws Exception {        //HttpClient：在java代码中模拟Http请求
        // 创建浏览器对象
        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();        // 填写数据，发送get或者post请求
        PostMethod post = new PostMethod("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx");        // 指定传输的格式为xml格式
        post.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/soap+xml;charset=utf-8");        // 传输xml，加载soap.txt
       InputStream in = HttpClientUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("/soap.txt");//返回值是一个InputStream
        post.setRequestBody(in);        // 发送请求
        int code = client.executeMethod(post);
        System.out.println("Http:状态码为：" + code);

        String result = post.getResponseBodyAsString();        // 如果采用的是soap，则返回的数据也是基于xml的soap格式
        System.out.println("返回的结果为：" + result);
    }    //wsimport -s . -p com.hexy.ws http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx?WSDL 
    public static void wsdl(){        // 获取一个ws服务
        MobileCodeWS ws = new MobileCodeWS();        // 获取具体的服务类型：get post soap1.1 soap1.2
        MobileCodeWSSoap wsSoap = ws.getMobileCodeWSSoap();
        String address = wsSoap.getMobileCodeInfo("18312345678", null);
        System.out.println("手机归属地信息为：" + address);
    }    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws Exception 
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        post("18312345678");        //wsdl();
        //soap("18312345678");
    }

}

soap.txt

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
  <soap12:Body>
    <getMobileCodeInfo xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
      <mobileCode>13069208531</mobileCode>
      <userID></userID>
    </getMobileCodeInfo>
  </soap12:Body></soap12:Envelope>

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