. Artikel ini akan memperkenalkan cara menggunakan bahasa Java untuk melaksanakan algoritma ini dan memberikan contoh kod khusus.
Huraian MasalahMemandangkan graf bersambung G, di mana setiap tepi mempunyai pemberat, ia dikehendaki mencari pokok rentang minimum T supaya jumlah pemberat semua tepi dalam T adalah minimum.
Algoritma Prim
Algoritma Prim ialah algoritma tamak yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah pokok rentang minimum. Idea asasnya ialah bermula dari bucu dan kembangkan pokok rentang secara beransur-ansur, memilih bucu yang paling hampir dengan pokok rentang sedia ada setiap kali sehingga semua bucu ditambahkan pada pokok rentang.import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.PriorityQueue; import java.util.Queue; class Edge implements Comparable<Edge> { int from; int to; int weight; public Edge(int from, int to, int weight) { this.from = from; this.to = to; this.weight = weight; } @Override public int compareTo(Edge other) { return Integer.compare(this.weight, other.weight); } } public class Prim { public static List<Edge> calculateMST(List<List<Edge>> graph) { int n = graph.size(); boolean[] visited = new boolean[n]; Queue<Edge> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(); // Start from vertex 0 int start = 0; visited[start] = true; for (Edge e : graph.get(start)) { pq.offer(e); } List<Edge> mst = new ArrayList<>(); while (!pq.isEmpty()) { Edge e = pq.poll(); int from = e.from; int to = e.to; int weight = e.weight; if (visited[to]) { continue; } visited[to] = true; mst.add(e); for (Edge next : graph.get(to)) { if (!visited[next.to]) { pq.offer(next); } } } return mst; } }
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.List; class Edge implements Comparable<Edge> { int from; int to; int weight; public Edge(int from, int to, int weight) { this.from = from; this.to = to; this.weight = weight; } @Override public int compareTo(Edge other) { return Integer.compare(this.weight, other.weight); } } public class Kruskal { public static List<Edge> calculateMST(List<Edge> edges, int n) { List<Edge> mst = new ArrayList<>(); Collections.sort(edges); int[] parent = new int[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { parent[i] = i; } for (Edge e : edges) { int from = e.from; int to = e.to; int weight = e.weight; int parentFrom = findParent(from, parent); int parentTo = findParent(to, parent); if (parentFrom != parentTo) { mst.add(e); parent[parentFrom] = parentTo; } } return mst; } private static int findParent(int x, int[] parent) { if (x != parent[x]) { parent[x] = findParent(parent[x], parent); } return parent[x]; } }
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { List<List<Edge>> graph = new ArrayList<>(); graph.add(new ArrayList<>()); graph.add(new ArrayList<>()); graph.add(new ArrayList<>()); graph.add(new ArrayList<>()); graph.get(0).add(new Edge(0, 1, 2)); graph.get(0).add(new Edge(0, 2, 3)); graph.get(1).add(new Edge(1, 0, 2)); graph.get(1).add(new Edge(1, 2, 1)); graph.get(1).add(new Edge(1, 3, 5)); graph.get(2).add(new Edge(2, 0, 3)); graph.get(2).add(new Edge(2, 1, 1)); graph.get(2).add(new Edge(2, 3, 4)); graph.get(3).add(new Edge(3, 1, 5)); graph.get(3).add(new Edge(3, 2, 4)); List<Edge> mst = Prim.calculateMST(graph); System.out.println("Prim算法得到的最小生成树:"); for (Edge e : mst) { System.out.println(e.from + " -> " + e.to + ",权重:" + e.weight); } List<Edge> edges = new ArrayList<>(); edges.add(new Edge(0, 1, 2)); edges.add(new Edge(0, 2, 3)); edges.add(new Edge(1, 2, 1)); edges.add(new Edge(1, 3, 5)); edges.add(new Edge(2, 3, 4)); mst = Kruskal.calculateMST(edges, 4); System.out.println("Kruskal算法得到的最小生成树:"); for (Edge e : mst) { System.out.println(e.from + " -> " + e.to + ",权重:" + e.weight); } } }
Prim算法得到的最小生成树: 0 -> 1,权重:2 1 -> 2,权重:1 2 -> 3,权重:4 Kruskal算法得到的最小生成树: 1 -> 2,权重:1 0 -> 1,权重:2 2 -> 3,权重:4
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