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MySQL AB复制

关于MySQL AB复制

本文讲解如何快速打包和安装MySQL， MySQL AB复制，MySQL AB双向复制，MySQL多级主从复制，解决AB双向复制主键冲突。

首先我们先介绍什么是MySQL AB复制。

AB复制又称主从复制，实现的是数据同步。如果要做MySQL AB复制，数据库版本尽量保持一致。如果版本不一致，从服务器版本高于主服务器，但是版本不一致不能做双向复制。MySQL AB复制有什么好处呢？有两点，第一是解决宕机带来的数据不一致，因为MySQL AB复制可以实时备份数据；第二点是减轻数据库服务器压力，这点很容易想到，多台服务器的性能一般比单台要好。但是MySQL AB复制不适用于大数据量，如果是大数据环境，推荐使用集群。

然后我们来看看MySQL复制的 3 个主要步骤：

1)主服务器把数据更改记录到二进制日志中，这个操作叫做二进制日志事件；

2)从服务器把主服务器的二进制日志事件拷贝到自己的中继日志（relay log）中；

3)从服务器执行中继日志中的事件，把更改应用到自己的数据上。

快速打包和安装MySQL

在正式介绍MySQL AB复制之前，介绍怎样打包MySQL和快速安装MySQL。

第一步，制作文件

[root@serv08 ~]# find /usr/local/mysql/ /etc/my.cnf /etc/init.d/mysqld > mysql

第二步，打包

[root@serv08 ~]# tar -cPvzf mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -T mysql
[root@serv08 ~]# ll -h
total 202M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 411K Oct 5 19:19 mysql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 202M Oct 5 19:21 mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

第三步，拷贝文件到实体机

[root@serv08 mysql]# scp mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 192.168.1.1:/home/Wentasy/software/

第四步，拷贝文件到serv01

[root@serv01 ~]# yum install /usr/bin/scp -y[root@larrywen 1005]# scp /home/Wentasy/software/mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 192.168.1.11:/opt
root@192.168.1.11's password:
mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 100% 201MB 33.5MB/s 00:06

第五步，解压

[root@serv01 opt]# tar -xPvf mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

第六步，创建组和用户，注意编号和安装好数据库的机器上的用户一致

[root@serv01 opt]# groupadd -g 500 mysql
[root@serv01 opt]# useradd -u 500 -g 500 -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@serv01 opt]# id mysql
uid=500(mysql) gid=500(mysql) groups=500(mysql)

第七步，改变MySQL安装目录的拥有者和所属组

[root@serv01 opt]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ -R

第八步，启动MySQL，做测试

[root@serv01 opt]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@serv01 opt]# mysql
-bash: mysql: command not found
[root@serv01 opt]# vim ~/.bash_profile
[root@serv01 opt]# . !$
. ~/.bash_profile
[root@serv01 opt]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>

MySQL AB单向复制

好了，相信读者已经学会怎样打包MySQL和快速安装MySQL，接下来正式进入主题，我们先来看看一主多从架构的拓扑图：

MySQL AB复制_MySQL

图一一主多从架构

该图展示了一个 master 复制多个 slave 的架构，多个 slave 和单个 slave 的实施并没有实质性的区别，在 master 端并不在乎有多少个 slave 连接自己，只要有 slave 的 IO 线程通过了连接认证，向他请求指定位置之后的 binary log 信息，他就会按照该 IO 线程的要球，读取自己的binary log 信息，返回给 slave的 IO 线程。

既然对拓扑图和原理有所了解，我们做一个实验，介绍如何使用MySQL AB复制：

实验环境介绍

主机 IP地址主机名备注

serv01： 192.168.1.11 serv01.host.com master

serv08： 192.168.1.18 serv08.host.com slave01

操作系统版本：rhel server 6.1

所需要的软件包：mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

第一步，主服务器创建用户并清空日志

第二步，修改从服务器的server-id

[root@serv08 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id
server-id = 1
#server-id = 2
[root@serv08 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@serv08 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id
server-id = 2
#server-id = 2
[root@serv08 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! #可以查看从服务器中的数据文件
[root@serv08 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@serv08 data]# ll
total 29752
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Oct 5 19:45 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 19:45 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 18:16 ib_logfile1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 27320 Oct 5 18:15 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1035309 Oct 5 18:15 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 126 Oct 5 18:16 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 126 Oct 5 19:45 mysql-bin.000004
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 107 Oct 5 19:45 mysql-bin.000005
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 95 Oct 5 19:45 mysql-bin.index
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 performance_schema
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 4775 Oct 5 19:45 serv08.host.com.err
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Oct 5 19:45 serv08.host.com.pid
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:12 test

第三步，从服务器清空日志

第四步，从服务器通过change master to命令修改设置

mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.11',
-> master_user='larry',
-> master_password='larry',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=107;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

第五步，开启slave。

mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: serv08-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 107
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specifiedmysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

第六步，从服务器查看是否和主服务器通信成功。如果出现 Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running都是yes，则证明配置成功

mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: serv08-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 410
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specified

第七步，从服务器查看数据文件的更改

[root@serv08 data]# ll
total 28724
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Oct 5 19:45 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 19:45 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 18:16 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 78 Oct 5 19:49 master.info
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 107 Oct 5 19:45 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 19 Oct 5 19:45 mysql-bin.index
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 performance_schema
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 51 Oct 5 19:49 relay-log.info
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 5589 Oct 5 19:49 serv08.host.com.err
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Oct 5 19:45 serv08.host.com.pid
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 157 Oct 5 19:49 serv08-relay-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 253 Oct 5 19:49 serv08-relay-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 52 Oct 5 19:49 serv08-relay-bin.index
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:12 test
[root@serv08 data]# cat relay-log.info
./serv08-relay-bin.000002
253
mysql-bin.000001
107
[root@serv08 data]# cat master.info
18
mysql-bin.000001
107
192.168.1.11
larry
larry
3306

第八步，测试

第九步，查看进程状态

MySQLAB双向复制

好了，MySQL AB单向复制介绍完毕。接下来想想，会有这样的应用场景。比如Master和Slave之间都要进行数据同步，那么单向复制是无法完成的，因为一个是Master，一个是Slave，只能单向操作，这就像网络里的半双工一样。既然一方可以向另一方同步数据，那么两方都做成Master 不就可以实现互相同步数据了。这就是接下来要介绍的MySQL AB双向复制。同样我们来看看MySQL AB双向复制的拓扑图。

MySQL AB复制_MySQL

图二 MySQL AB双向复制

既然对拓扑图和原理有所了解，我们做一个实验，介绍如何使用MySQL AB双向复制，注意该实验是在MySQL单级复制的基础上做的。

实验环境介绍

主机 IP地址主机名备注

serv01： 192.168.1.11 serv01.host.com master

serv08： 192.168.1.18 serv08.host.com slave01

操作系统版本：rhel server 6.1

所需要的软件包：mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

第一步，serv08创建授权用户

mysql> grant replication client, replication slave on *.* to 'larry'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'larry';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

第二步，serv08清空日志

第三步，serv01使用change master to命令修改从服务器设置

mysql> show slave status;
Empty set (0.00 sec)mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.18',
-> master_user='larry',
-> master_password='larry',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=107;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

第四步，serv01开启slave

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: serv01-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 410
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specified

第五步，测试

--serv01查看数据
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)--serv08插入数据
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into test values(2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)--serv01查看数据，数据更新
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv01插入数据
mysql> insert into test values(3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)--serv01查询数据
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv08查询数据，数据已更新
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL多级主从复制

好了，MySQL AB双向复制介绍完毕，我们又想了，不管是MySQL AB单向复制，还是MySQL 双向复制，都是双方的关系。MySQL AB单向复制可以是一对一，也就是一个Master对应一个Slave，或者一对多，也就是一个Master对应多个Slave；MySQL双向复制是一对一的关系。我们可不可以这样，实现多级关系，一个Master，接下来Slave，Slave下面还有Slave。这样做有什么好处呢？这样可以缓解数据库压力。这就是接下来要介绍的MySQL多级主从复制。多级也就是A---->B---->C，A作为主服务器，B是从服务器，B跟A建立主从关系；而且B是主服务器，C作为从服务器，B跟C建立主从关系。这样：A是主服务器，B既是主服务器，又是从服务器，C是从服务器。同样，我们来看看MySQL 多级主从复制的拓扑图：

MySQL AB复制_MySQL

图三 MySQL 多级主从复制

该拓扑图实现 mysql 的 A 到B 的复制，再从 B 到 C 的复制。

既然对拓扑图和原理有所了解，我们做一个实验，介绍如何使用MySQL AB双向复制：

实验环境介绍

主机 IP地址主机名备注

serv01： 192.168.1.11 serv01.host.com master

serv08： 192.168.1.18 serv08.host.com slave01

serv09： 192.168.1.19 serv09.host.com slave02

操作系统版本：rhel server 6.1

所需要的软件包：mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

第一步，断开双向关系。A只作为主服务器。

--停止slave
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
--查看slave状态发现仍然有相关信息，我们要彻底删除，只需要把数据文件中相关文件删除即可。
mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 587
Relay_Log_File: serv01-relay-bin.000006
Relay_Log_Pos: 733
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 587
Relay_Log_Space: 1036
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specified--进入data目录，删除以下文件：master.info relay-log.info serv01-relay-bin.*
[root@serv01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@serv01 data]# ll
total 28736
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Oct 5 22:38 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 22:38 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 18:16 ib_logfile1
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 22:36 larrydb
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 79 Oct 5 23:24 master.info
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 690 Oct 5 22:34 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 970 Oct 5 22:38 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Oct 5 22:34 mysql-bin.index
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 performance_schema
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 53 Oct 5 23:24 relay-log.info
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 5309 Oct 5 23:24 serv01.host.com.err
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Oct 5 22:34 serv01.host.com.pid
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 303 Oct 5 22:35 serv01-relay-bin.000005
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 733 Oct 5 22:37 serv01-relay-bin.000006
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 52 Oct 5 22:35 serv01-relay-bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 2209 Oct 5 18:16 serv08.host.com.err
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:12 test
[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf master.info relay-log.info serv01-relay-bin.*

第二步，serv01重启服务，再次查看slave信息，发现已经不存在

[root@serv01 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS![root@serv01 opt]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution
mysql> show slave status /G;
Empty set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specified

第三步，serv08查看slave状态

mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: serv08-relay-bin.000007
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 556
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specified
--如果查看slave状态出错，我们重启服务
[root@serv08 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

第四步，serv09搭建相同版本的MySQL，修改server-id，启动服务

[root@serv09 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@serv09 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id
server-id = 3
[root@serv09 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

第五步，serv01插入数据

mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
+----+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry07');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

第六步，serv08查看serv01插入的数据是否记录到日志文件。可以发现，和serv01建立关系的延时日志文件中有相关记录，而主日志文件mysql-bin.000003中没有相关记录

[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog serv08-relay-bin.000009 | grep insert -i --color
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
SET INSERT_ID=9/*!*/;
insert into t2(name) values('larry07')
[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000003 | grep larry07

第七步，我们要把serv08的数据同步到serv09，因为serv08中的mysql-bin.000003文件没有相关记录，所以不能通过日志文件同步，我们只有先serv08导出数据，然后serv09导入数据，再把log_slave_updates打开

--导出数据
[root@serv08 data]# mysqldump --help --verbose | grep database[root@serv08 data]# mysqldump --databases larrydb > larrydb.sql
--拷贝数据文件
[root@serv08 data]# scp larrydb.sql 192.168.1.19:/opt
root@192.168.1.19's password:
larrydb.sql 100% 2612 2.6KB/s 00:00 --serv09导入数据
mysql> source /opt/larrydb.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 6 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_larrydb |
+-------------------+
| t2 |
| test |
+-------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
| 9 | larry07 |
+----+---------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)--serv08修改配置文件，打开log_slave_updates，重启MySQL服务
mysql> show variables like '%update%';
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
| binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF |
| log_slave_updates | OFF |
| low_priority_updates | OFF |
| sql_low_priority_updates | OFF |
| sql_safe_updates | OFF |
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)[root@serv08 data]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@serv08 data]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep log_slave_updates
log_slave_updates=1
[root@serv08 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! --serv08
mysql> show variables like "%update%";
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
| binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF |
| log_slave_updates | ON |
| low_priority_updates | OFF |
| sql_low_priority_updates | OFF |
| sql_safe_updates | OFF |
+-----------------------------------------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第八步，serv01插入测试数据，我们看到打开这个参数后mysql-bin.000004和serv08-relay-bin.000011都有相关的插入数据的记录

mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry08');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
| 9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
+----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000004 | grep larry
use `larrydb`/*!*/;
insert into t2(name) values('larry08')
[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog serv08-relay-bin.000011 | grep larry
use `larrydb`/*!*/;
insert into t2(name) values('larry08')

第九步，serv08创建授权用户

第十步，serv09通过change master to修改slave配置，然后启动slave，查看slave状态，查看数据，发现已经从serv08更新过来

mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.18',
-> master_user='larry',
-> master_password='larry',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
-> master_log_pos=126;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 126
Relay_Log_File: serv09-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 126
Relay_Log_Space: 107
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specifiedmysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show slave status /G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 335
Relay_Log_File: serv09-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 481
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 335
Relay_Log_Space: 784
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specifiedmysql> select * from larrydb.t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
| 9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
+----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第十一步，serv01插入数据，可以看到serv08 serv09都已经同步过去了

--serv01
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry09');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
| 9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
| 13 | larry09 |
+----+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv08
mysql> select * from larrydb.t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
| 9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
| 13 | larry09 |
+----+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv09
mysql> select * from larrydb.t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
| 9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
| 13 | larry09 |
+----+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

解决AB双向复制主键冲突

在进行MySQLAB双向复制时，如果一张表的主键是自增的，会出现问题。主服务器和从服务器在插入数据时会发生主键冲突，比如A服务器插入一条数据，id为5，B服务器同步过去，但是B服务器插入数据ID也可能是5，就这会引起主键冲突，导致数据不能插入。因此，我们需要解决这个问题。解决办法是主键间隔设置，通过设置主键步长，比如A（13 5 7），B（2 4 6 8），有几台机器步长就为几。接下来的实验是在MySQLAB双向复制的基础上做的。

第一步，serv08创建测试表，插入数据，查看数据

mysql> create table t2(id int auto_increment primary key,name varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> desc t2;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry01');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry02');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第二步，serv01查看数据

mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> drop table t2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

第二步，serv01和serv08修改配置文件，并重启服务

[root@serv01 opt]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@serv01 opt]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep auto_incre
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=1
[root@serv01 opt]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@serv08 data]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@serv08 data]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep auto_incre
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=2[root@serv08 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

第三步，serv01再次模拟数据

mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_larrydb |
+-------------------+
| test |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table t2(id int(11) primary key auto_increment, name varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry01');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry02');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv08
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry03');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry04');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
+----+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv01
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry05');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
+----+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)--serv08
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
+----+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec) bitsCN.com