mysql千万级数据查询
1. mysql 的数据查询 , 大小字段要分开 , 这个还是有必要的 , 除非一点就是你查询的都是索引内容而不是表内容 , 比如只查询 id 等等 2. 查询速度和索引有很大关系也就是索引的大小直接影响你的查询效果 , 但是查询条件一定要建立索引 , 这点上注意的是索引字
1.mysql的数据查询,大小字段要分开,这个还是有必要的,除非一点就是你查询的都是索引内容而不是表内容,比如只查询id等等
2.查询速度和索引有很大关系也就是索引的大小直接影响你的查询效果,但是查询条件一定要建立索引,这点上注意的是索引字段不能太多,太多索引文件就会很大那样搜索只能变慢,
3.查询指定的记录最好通过Id进行in查询来获得真实的数据.其实不是最好而是必须,也就是你应该先查询出复合的ID列表,通过in查询来获得数据
我们做个测试
Sql代码
- CREATE TABLE `ipdatas` (
- `id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- `uid` INT(8) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
- `ipaddress` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
- `source` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
- `track` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
- `entrance` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
- `createdtime` DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
- `createddate` DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00',
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
- KEY `uid` (`uid`)
- ) ENGINE=MYISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=67086110 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
里面有七百万数据。
1.全表搜索
返回结构是67015297条数据
SELECT COUNT(id) FROM ipdatas;
SELECT COUNT(uid) FROM ipdatas;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ipdatas;
首先这两个全表数据查询速度很快,mysql中包含数据字典应该保留了数据库中的最大条数 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ipdatas WHERE uid=1;
返回结果时间:2分31秒594
SELECT COUNT(id) FROM ipdatas WHERE uid=1; 返回结果时间:1分29秒609
SELECT COUNT(uid) FROM ipdatas WHERE uid=1; 返回结果时间:2分41秒813
第二次查询都比较快因为mysql中是有缓存区的所以增大缓存区的大小可以解决很多查询的优化,真可谓缓存无处不在啊在程序开发中也是层层都是缓存
第一条开始查询
SELECT * FROM ipdatas ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1,10 ; 31毫秒
SELECT * FROM ipdatas LIMIT 1,10 ; 15ms 第10000条开始查询
SELECT * FROM ipdatas ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 10000,10 ; 266毫秒
SELECT * FROM ipdatas LIMIT 10000,10 ; 16毫秒
第500万条开始查询
SELECT * FROM ipdatas LIMIT 5000000,10 ;11.312秒
SELECT * FROM ipdatas ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 5000000,10 ; 221.985秒
这两条返回结果完全一样,也就是mysql默认机制就是id正序然而时间却大相径庭
第5000万条开始查询
SELECT * FROM ipdatas LIMIT 60000000,10 ;66.563秒 (对比下面的测试)
SELECT * FROM ipdatas ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 50000000,10; 1060.000秒
SELECT * FROM ipdatas ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 17015307,10; 434.937秒
第三条和第二条结果一样只是排序的方式不同但是用时却相差不少,看来这点还是不如很多的商业数据库,像oracle和sqlserver等都是中间不成两边还是没问题,看来mysql是开始行越向后越慢,这里看来可以不排序的就不要排序了性能差距巨大,相差了20多倍
查询数据返回ID列表 select id from ipdatas order by id asc limit 1,10; 31ms
SELECT id FROM ipdatas LIMIT 1,10 ; 0ms 第10000条开始
SELECT id FROM ipdatas ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 10000,10; 68ms
select id from ipdatas limit 10000,10;0ms
第500万条开始查询
SELECT id FROM ipdatas LIMIT 5000000,10; 1.750s
SELECT id FROM ipdatas ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 5000000,10;14.328s
第6000万条记录开始查询
SELECT id FROM ipdatas LIMIT 60000000,10; 116.406s
SELECT id FROM ipdatas ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 60000000,10; 136.391s
select id from ipdatas limit 10000002,10; 29.032s
select id from ipdatas limit 20000002,10; 24.594s
select id from ipdatas limit 30000002,10; 24.812s
select id from ipdatas limit 40000002,10; 28.750s 84.719s
select id from ipdatas limit 50000002,10; 30.797s 108.042s
select id from ipdatas limit 60000002,10; 133.012s 122.328s
select * from ipdatas limit 10000002,10; 27.328s
select * from ipdatas limit 20000002,10; 15.188s
select * from ipdatas limit 30000002,10; 45.218s
select * from ipdatas limit 40000002,10; 49.250s 50.531s
select * from ipdatas limit 50000002,10; 73.297s 56.781s
select * from ipdatas limit 60000002,10; 67.891s 75.141s
select id from ipdatas order by id asc limit 10000002,10; 29.438s
select id from ipdatas order by id asc limit 20000002,10; 24.719s
select id from ipdatas order by id asc limit 30000002,10; 25.969s
select id from ipdatas order by id asc limit 40000002,10; 29.860d
select id from ipdatas order by id asc limit 50000002,10; 32.844s
select id from ipdatas order by id asc limit 60000002,10; 34.047s
至于SELECT * ipdatas order by id asc
就不测试了大概都在十几分钟左右
可见通过SELECT id
不带排序的情况下差距不太大,加了排序差距巨大 SELECT * FROM ipdatas WHERE id IN (10000,100000,500000,1000000,5000000,10000000,2000000,30000000,40000000,50000000,60000000,67015297);
耗时0.094ms
可见in在id上面的查询可以忽略不计毕竟是6000多万条记录,所以为什么很多lucene或solr搜索都返回id进行数据库重新获得数据就是因为这个,当然lucene/solr+mysql是一个不错的解决办法这个非常适合前端搜索技术,比如前端的分页搜索通过这个可以得到非常好的性能.还可以支持很好的分组搜索结果集,然后通过id获得数据记录的真实数据来显示效果真的不错

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