如何从MySQL数据库表中检索数据_MySQL
1、从数据库表中检索信息
实际上，前面我们已经用到了SELECT语句，它用来从数据库表中检索信息。
select语句格式一般为：
SELECT 检索关键词 FROM 被检索的表 WHERE 检索条件(可选)
以前所使用的“ * ”表示选择所有的列。
下面继续使用我们在上篇文章中创建的表mytable。
2、查询所有数据：
mysql> select * from mytable;
+----------+------+------------+----------+
| name | sex | birth | birthaddr |
+----------+------+------------+--------+
| abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china |
| mary |f | 1978-12-12 | usa |
| tom |m | 1970-09-02 | usa |
+----------+------+------------+----------+
3 row in set (0.00 sec)
3、修正错误记录：
假如tom的出生日期有错误，应该是1973－09－02，则可以用update语句来修正： mysql> update mytable set birth = "1973-09-02" where name = "tom";
再用2中的语句看看是否已更正过来。
4、选择特定行
上面修改了tom的出生日期，我们可以选择tom这一行来看看是否已经有了变化：
mysql> select * from mytable where name = "tom";
+--------+------+------------+------------+
| name |sex | birth | birthaddr |
+--------+------+------------+------------+
| tom |m | 1973-09-02 | usa |
+--------+------+------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)
上面WHERE的参数指定了检索条件。我们还可以用组合条件来进行查询：
mysql> SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE sex = "f" AND birthaddr = "china";
+--------+------+------------+------------+
| name |sex | birth | birthaddr |
+--------+------+------------+------------+
| abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china |
+--------+------+------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)
5、 选择特定列
假如你想查看表中的所有人的姓名，则可以这样操作：
mysql> SELECT name FROM mytable;
+----------+
| name |
+----------+
| abccs |
| mary |
| tom |
+----------+
3 row in set (0.00 sec)
如果想列出姓名和性别两列，则可以用逗号将关键词name和birth分开： myaql> select name,birth from mytable;
6、对行进行排序
我们可以对表中的记录按生日大小进行排序：
mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM mytable ORDER BY birth;
+----------+------------+
| name | birth |
+----------+------------+
| tom | 1973-09-02 |
| abccs | 1977-07-07 |
| mary | 1978-12-12 |
+----------+------------+
3 row in set (0.00 sec)
我们可以用DESC来进行逆序排序：
mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM mytable ORDER BY birth DESC;
+----------+------------+
| name | birth |
+----------+------------+
| mary | 1978-12-12 |
| abccs | 1977-07-07 |
| tom | 1973-09-02 |
+----------+------------+
3 row in set (0.00 sec)
7、 行计数
数据库经常要统计一些数据，如表中员工的数目，我们就要用到行计数函数COUNT()。COUNT()函数用于对非NULL结果的记录进行计数：
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable;
+----------+
| COUNT(*) |
+----------+
| 3 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)
员工中男女数量：
mysql> SELECT sex, COUNT(*) FROM mytable GROUP BY sex;
+------+----------+
| sex | COUNT(*) |
+------+----------+
| f | 2 |
| m | 1 |
+------+----------+
2 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意我们使用了GROUP BY对SEX进行了分组。
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