php中运算符基本介绍
在php中我们常用的运算符包括有算数运算符、赋值运算符、比较运算符、逻辑运算符 等等下面我来给各位朋友介绍用法。
算数运算符
除法运算符总是返回浮点数。只有在下列情况例外:两个操作数都是整数(或字符串转换成的整数)并且正好能整除,这时它返回一个整数。
取模运算符的操作数在运算之前都会转换成整数(除去小数部分)。
Note: 取模 $a % $b 在 $a 为负值时的结果也是负值。
例:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
/* tested under PHP 5.2.6-1 with Suhosin-Patch 0.9.6.2 (cli) on both i386 and amd64, Debian lenny/sid */ |
运算符 | 说明 | 例子 | 结果 |
---|---|---|---|
+ | Addition | x=2 x+2 |
4 |
- | Subtraction | x=2 5-x |
3 |
* | Multiplication | x=4 x*5 |
20 |
/ | Division | 15/5 5/2 |
3 2.5 |
% | Modulus (division remainder) | 5%2 10%8 10%2 |
1 2 0 |
++ | Increment | x=5 x++ |
x=6 |
-- | Decrement | x=5 x-- |
x=4 |
赋值运算符
基本的赋值运算符是“=”。一开始可能会以为它是“等于”,其实不是的。它实际上意味着把右边表达式的值赋给左边的运算数。
赋值运算表达式的值也就是所赋的值。也就是说,“$a = 3”的值是 3。这样就可以做一些小技巧:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
$a = ($b = 4) + 5; // $a 现在成了 9,而 $b 成了 4。 ?> |
在基本赋值运算符之外,还有适合于所有二元算术,数组集合和字符串运算符的“组合运算符”,这样可以在一个表达式中使用它的值并把表达式的结果赋给它,例如:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
$a = 3; ?> |
注意赋值运算将原变量的值拷贝到新变量中(传值赋值),所以改变其中一个并不影响另一个。这也适合于在很密集的循环中拷贝一些值例如大数组。也可以使用引用赋值,用 $var = &$othervar; 语法。引用赋值意味着两个变量都指向同一个数据,没有任何数据的拷贝。有关引用的更多信息见引用的说明。在 PHP 5中,对象总是通过引用赋值的,除非明确使用新的 clone关键字
运算符 | 说明 | 例子 |
---|---|---|
= | x=y | x=y |
+= | x+=y | x=x+y |
-= | x-=y | x=x-y |
*= | x*=y | x=x*y |
/= | x/=y | x=x/y |
.= | x.=y | x=x.y |
%= | x%=y | x=x%y |
比较运算符
比较运算符,如同它们名称所暗示的,允许对两个值进行比较。如果比较一个整数和字符串,则字符串会被转换为整数。如果比较两个数字字符串,则作为整数比较。此规则也适用于 switch 语句。
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
var_dump(0 == "a"); // 0 == 0 -> true |
运算符 | 说明 | 例子 |
---|---|---|
== | is equal to | 5==8 returns false |
!= | is not equal | 5!=8 returns true |
> | is greater than | 5>8 returns false |
is less than | 5 | |
>= | is greater than or equal to | 5>=8 returns false |
is less than or equal to | 5 |
逻辑运算符
“与”和“或”有两种不同形式运算符的原因是它们运算的优先级不同(见运算符优先级)。
Example #1 逻辑运算符示例
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
// 下面的 foo() 不会被调用,因为它们被运算符“短路”了。 // "||" 的优先级比 "or" 高 // "&&" 的优先级比 "and" 高 bool(true) |
运算符 | 说明 | 例子 |
---|---|---|
&& | and | x=6 y=3 (x 1) returns true |
|| | or | x=6 y=3 (x==5 || y==5) returns false |
! | not | x=6 y=3 !(x==y) returns true |

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