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消息队列MSMQ的使用实例

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Release: 2016-05-26 08:19:32
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消息队列:是在消息传输过程中保存消息的容器。MSMQ是Microsoft的消息处理技术,运行平台为Microsoft Windows操作系统。它分为用户队列和系统队列。在用户队列中又分为专用队列:不在整个网络中发布,仅在所驻留的本地计算机上可用。专用队列只能由知道队列的完整路径名或标签的用户程序访问。
  关于消息队列的安装,可以通过控制面板->添加/删除程序->添加/删除 Windows 组件。

  选择“消息队列”并单击“详细信息”。

  如果运行的是 Windows Server 2003,请选择“应用程序服务器”来访问消息队列。

  确保包括“MSMQ HTTP 支持”在内的所有选项在详细信息页上均处于选定状态。

  单击“确定”退出详细信息页,然后单击“下一步”。完成安装。

  

  这里我们通过实例来说明如何创建队列、发送消息、接收消息。

创建队列:
创建本机队列:@".\private$\队列名称"
创建远程队列:@"FormatName:DIRECT=TCP:远程机器IP\private$\队列名称"

实例化消息队列

        /// <summary>
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="isLocalComputer">是否为本机</param>
        public MSMQManager(bool isLocalComputer)
        {
            if (isLocalComputer)
            {
                _path = @".\private$\" + (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MSMQName"] ?? "CSMSMQ");
            }
            else
            {
                _path = @"FormatName:DIRECT=TCP:192.168.1.125\private$\" + (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MSMQName"] ?? "CSMSMQ");
            }
            _msmq = new MessageQueue(_path);
        }
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创建队列

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建队列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="transactional">是否启用事务</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Create(bool transactional)
        {
            if (MessageQueue.Exists(@".\private$\" + (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MSMQName"] ?? "CSMSMQ")))
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                if (MessageQueue.Create(@".\private$\" + (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MSMQName"] ?? "CSMSMQ"), transactional) != null)
                {
                    return true;
                }
                else
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
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发送消息队列

        /// <summary>
        /// 发送消息队列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="msmqIndex">消息队列实体</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public void Send(MSMQIndex msmqIndex)
        {
            _msmq.Send(new Message(msmqIndex, new BinaryMessageFormatter()));
        }
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接收消息队列,删除队列

        /// <summary>
        /// 接收消息队列,删除队列
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public MSMQIndex ReceiveAndRemove()
        {
            MSMQIndex msmqIndex = null;
            _msmq.Formatter = new BinaryMessageFormatter();
            Message msg = null;
            try
            {
                msg = _msmq.Receive(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 1));
            }
            catch(Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            if (msg != null)
            {
                msmqIndex = msg.Body as MSMQIndex;
            }
            return msmqIndex;
        }
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以上代码大致说明了消息队列的创建、发送与接收,下面给出消息队列管理器的全部代码。并在附件中给出DEMO,在您安装完成消息队列后,此DEMO可以正常运行,希望对有这方面需求的人有所帮助。

消息队列管理器

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Messaging;
using System.Configuration;
namespace MSMQTest.Model
{    
    /// 
    /// 消息队列管理器
    /// 作者:心海巨澜 xinhaijulan@gmail.com
    /// 
    public class MSMQManager : IDisposable
    {
        #region 字段与属性
        private MessageQueue _msmq = null;
        private string _path;
     
        private static MSMQManager _instanceLocalComputer = new MSMQManager(true);
        /// 
        /// 本机消息队列实例
        /// 
        public static MSMQManager InstanceLocalComputer
        {
            get { return MSMQManager._instanceLocalComputer; }
        }
        private static MSMQManager _instance = new MSMQManager(false);
        /// 
        /// 远程消息队列实例
        /// 
        public static MSMQManager Instance
        {
            get { return MSMQManager._instance; }
        }
        #endregion
        /// <summary>
        /// 创建队列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="transactional">是否启用事务</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Create(bool transactional)
        {
            if (MessageQueue.Exists(@".\private$\" + (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MSMQName"] ?? "CSMSMQ")))
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                if (MessageQueue.Create(@".\private$\" + (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MSMQName"] ?? "CSMSMQ"), transactional) != null)
                {
                    return true;
                }
                else
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        /// 
        /// 实例化消息队列
        /// 
        /// 是否为本机
        public MSMQManager(bool isLocalComputer)
        {
            if (isLocalComputer)
            {
                _path = @".\private$\" + (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MSMQName"] ?? "CSMSMQ");
            }
            else
            {
                _path = @"FormatName:DIRECT=TCP:192.168.1.125\private$\" + (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MSMQName"] ?? "CSMSMQ");
            }
            _msmq = new MessageQueue(_path);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 发送消息队列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="msmqIndex">消息队列实体</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public void Send(MSMQIndex msmqIndex)
        {
            _msmq.Send(new Message(msmqIndex, new BinaryMessageFormatter()));
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 接收消息队列,删除队列
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public MSMQIndex ReceiveAndRemove()
        {
            MSMQIndex msmqIndex = null;
            _msmq.Formatter = new BinaryMessageFormatter();
            Message msg = null;
            try
            {
                msg = _msmq.Receive(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 1));
            }
            catch(Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            if (msg != null)
            {
                msmqIndex = msg.Body as MSMQIndex;
            }
            return msmqIndex;
        }
        #region IDisposable Members
        public void Dispose()
        {
            if (_msmq != null)
            {
                _msmq.Close();
                _msmq.Dispose();
                _msmq = null;
            }
        }
        #endregion
    }
}
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此DEMO只是消息队列的介绍与使用,还有一些消息队列概念未加说明,比如:

  消息队列的创建方式:通过路径、通过格式名、通过标签;

  消息队列接收方式:同步与异步;

  消息队列序列化:字符、XML、二进制;

  以及是否使用事务等。


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