Introduction to the method of passing custom parameters to cli command in php-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

Introduction to the method of passing custom parameters to cli command in php

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Both the version compiled from source and the pre-created PHP version come with a PHP executable file by default. This executable can be used to run command line PHP programs.

To find this executable file on your system, follow the steps below: Windows: Place it in the main PHP installation directory. The file name is php.exe or (in older versions of PHP) php-cli.exe. Linux: Saved in the bin/ subdirectory of the PHP installation directory.

Note: The PHP.INI used when running in CLI mode and CGI mode are not the same set of configurations and need to be configured separately. No matter which system it is on, you need to test it to ensure that it works properly by calling it with the -v parameter:

shell> /path/php.exe -v
PHP 5.0.0 (cli) (built: Jun 1 2005 18:32:10)
Copyright (c) 1997-2004 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Zend Technologies

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It should return the PHP version number.

Use CLI commands A simple PHP CLI program named hello.php

<?php
echo "Hello from the CLI";
?>

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Now, try running this program from the command line prompt by calling the CLI executable and providing the file name of the script:

shell> /path/php.exe /example/hello.php
Hello from the CLI

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Use standard input and output The PHP CLI defines three constants to make it easier to interact with the interpreter at the command line prompt. These constants are shown in the table below

Constant	Instructions
STDIN	Standard input devices
STDOUT	Standard output devices
STDERR	Standard error facility

You can use these three constants in your own PHP scripts to accept user input or display the results of processing and calculations.

Usage example:

<?php
// ask for input
fwrite(STDOUT, "Enter your name: ");

// get input
$name = trim(fgets(STDIN));

// write input back
fwrite(STDOUT, "Hello, $name!");
?>

output:

D:\>\wamp\bin\php\php5.3.0\php.exe  \tools\index.php
Enter your name: kkk
Hello, kkk!

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In this script, the fwrite() function first writes a message to the standard output device asking for the user's name. It then reads the user input information obtained from the standard input device into a PHP variable and combines it into a string. Then use fwrite() to print the string to the standard output device. Command line custom variables1【$argv|$argc】 It is common to enter arguments to a program at the command line to change the way it runs. You can do this with CLI programs as well. The PHP CLI comes with two special variables specifically designed for this purpose: One is the $argv variable, which saves the parameters passed to the PHP script through the command line as separate array elements; The other is the $argc variable, which is used to save the number of elements in the $argv array. Usage example:

<?php
print_r($argv);
?>

output:

D:\>\wamp\bin\php\php5.3.0\php.exe  \tools\index.php bac ddd
Array
(
    [0] => \tools\index.php
    [1] => bac
    [2] => ddd
)

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As you can see from the output, the value passed to index.php automatically appears as an array element in $argv. Note that the first argument to $argv is always the name of the script itself.

Note: We can also use the Console_Getopt PEAR class to add more complex command line parameters to PHP.

Command line custom variables2 [Use Console_Getopt to receive parameters]

Note: This variable is only available when register_argc_argv is turned on

getopt($option, $longopts) // The first $option receives -h vb the second parameter receives --require sss

Usage examples

<?php
        $shortopts = "";
        $shortopts .= "f:";  // Required value
        $shortopts .= "v::"; // Optional value
        $shortopts .= "abc"; // These options do not accept values
        $longopts = array(
            "required:", // Required value
            "optional::", // Optional value
            "option", // No value
            "opt", // No value
        );
        $options = getopt($shortopts, $longopts);
        var_dump($options);
?> 

ouput:

D:\>\wamp\bin\php\php5.3.0\php.exe  \tools\index.php -f "value for f" -v -a --re
quired value --optional="optional value" --option will
array(6) {
  ["f"]=>
  string(11) "value for f"
  ["v"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["a"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["required"]=>
  string(5) "value"
  ["optional"]=>
  string(14) "optional value"
  ["option"]=>
  bool(false)
}

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Command line variables3 [Use CLI parameters]

In addition to passing PHP script parameters with the command line, you can also pass PHP CLI parameters to change the way it works.

Parameters	Instructions
-a	Run interactively
-c	path reads php’s .ini file from path
-n	Run it directly without reading php’s .ini file
-m	List compiled modules
-i	Display information about PHP build
-l	Check syntax of PHP script
-s	Display source code in color
-w	Show the source code without comments
-h	Show help

交互模式你还可以以交互方式使用PHP CLI，也就是输入命令，马上获得结果。要得到这种效果，只需要使用一个参数调用CLI可执行文件就行了，就像下面这样：

shell> /path/to/php -a
Interactive mode enabled
<?php
echo mktime();
1121187283
echo 2+2;
4
exit();
shell>

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或者，你可以不使用-a参数就调用CLI可执行文件，直接输入完整的脚本或者代码段。

用-D来结束代码段，并让CLI来执行它。见下面的例子：

shell> /path/to/php
<?php
echo date("d-M-Y h:i:s", time());
?>
<Ctrl-D>
12-Jul-2005 06:54:04

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