How to configure php-fpm file

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Release: 2023-03-22 14:26:01
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This article mainly shares with you how to configure the php-fpm file. I hope it can help you.

Part 1: FPM configuration

Parameters| Description

-p      | Dynamically modify --prefix in the command line   

;include=etc/fpm. d/*.conf | Used to include one or more files, if glob(3) exists (glob() function returns the file name or directory matching the specified pattern)

Part 2: Global Configuration

Start with the flag [global]:

;pid = run/php-fpm.pid      设置pid文件的位置,默认目录路径 /usr/local/php/var;error_log = log/php-fpm.log  记录错误日志的文件,默认目录路径 /usr/local/php/var;syslog.facility = daemon    用于指定什么类型的程序日志消息。;syslog.ident = php-fpm      用于FPM多实例甄别;log_level = notice        记录日志的等级,默认notice,可取值alert, error, warning, notice, debug;emergency_restart_threshold = 0 如果子进程在这个时间段内带有IGSEGV或SIGBUS退出,则重启fpm,默认0表示关闭这个功能;emergency_restart_interval = 0 设置时间间隔来决定服务的初始化时间(默认单位:s秒),可选s秒,m分,h时,d天;process_control_timeout = 0    子进程等待master进程对信号的回应(默认单位:s秒),可选s秒,m分,h时,d天; process.max = 128         控制最大进程数,使用时需谨慎; process.priority = -19      处理nice(2)的进程优先级别-19(最高)到20(最低);rlimit_files = 1024        设置主进程文件描述符rlimit的数量;rlimit_core = 0           设置主进程rlimit最大核数;events.mechanism = epoll     使用处理event事件的机制  ; - select     (any POSIX os)  ; - poll       (any POSIX os)  ; - epoll      (linux >= 2.5.44)  ; - kqueue     (FreeBSD >= 4.1, OpenBSD >= 2.9, NetBSD >= 2.0)  ; - /dev/poll  (Solaris >= 7)  ; - port       (Solaris >= 10);daemonize = yes           将fpm转至后台运行,如果设置为“no”,那么fpm会运行在前台;systemd_interval = 10
第三部分:进程池的定义
通过监听不同的端口和不用管理选择可以定义多个不同的子进程池,进程池被用与记录和统计,对于fpm能够处理进程池数目的多少并没有限制
其中$pool变量可以在任何指令中使用,他将会替代相应的进程池名字。例如:这里的[www]
[root@test ~]# ps -ef | grep php-fpmroot      3028     1  0 20:33 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)nobody    3029  3028  0 20:33 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www          nobody    3030  3028  0 20:33 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
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[www]
; It only applies on the following directives:; - 'access.log'; - 'slowlog'; - 'listen' (unixsocket)
; - 'chroot'; - 'chdir'; - 'php_values'; - 'php_admin_values';prefix = /path/to/pools/$pool   如果没有制定,将使用全局prefix替代
user = nobody             进程的发起用户和用户组,用户user是必须设置,group不是
group = nobody
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000       监听ip和端口
;listen.backlog = 65535       设置listen(2)函数backlog
;listen.owner = nobody
;listen.group = nobody
;listen.mode = 0660
;listen.acl_users =
;listen.acl_groups =
;listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1 允许FastCGI客户端连接的IPv4地址,多个地址用','分隔,为空则允许任何地址发来链接请求
; process.priority = -19
pm = dynamic              选择进程池管理器如何控制子进程的数量
  static:  对于子进程的开启数路给定一个锁定的值(pm.max_children)
  dynamic:  子进程的数目为动态的,它的数目基于下面的指令的值(以下为dynamic适用参数)
    pm.max_children:  同一时刻能够存货的最大子进程的数量
    pm.start_servers: 在启动时启动的子进程数量
    pm.min_spare_servers: 处于空闲"idle"状态的最小子进程,如果空闲进程数量小于这个值,那么相应的子进程会被创建
    pm.max_spare_servers: 最大空闲子进程数量,空闲子进程数量超过这个值,那么相应的子进程会被杀掉。
  ondemand: 在启动时不会创建,只有当发起请求链接时才会创建(pm.max_children, pm.process_idle_timeout)
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
;pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s;  空闲进程超时时间
;pm.max_requests = 500        在派生新的子进程前,每一个子进程应该处理的请求数目,在第三方库中解决内存溢出很有用,设置为0则不会限制
;pm.status_path = /status        配置一个URI,以便查看fpm状态页
状态页描述:
  accepted conn: 该进程池接受的请求数量
  pool: 进程池的名字
  process manager: 进程管理,就是配置中pm指令,可以选择值static,dynamic,ondemand
  idle processes: 空闲进程数量
  active processes: 当前活跃的进程数量
  total processes: 总的进程数量=idle+active
  max children reached: 达到最大子进程的次数,达到进程的限制,当pm试图开启更多的子进程的时候(仅当pm工作在dynamic时)
;ping.path = /ping    该ping URI将会去调用fpm监控页面,如果这个没有设置,那么不会有URI被做为ping页
;ping.response = pong  用于定制平请求的响应,响应的格式text/plain(对200响应代码)
;access.log = log/$pool.access.log
;access.format = "%R - %u %t \"%m %r%Q%q\" %s %f %{mili}d %{kilo}M %C%%"
  ; The following syntax is allowed
  ;  %%: the '%' character
  ;  %C: %CPU used by the request
  ;      it can accept the following format:
  ;      - %{user}C for user CPU only
  ;      - %{system}C for system CPU only
  ;      - %{total}C  for user + system CPU (default)
  ;  %d: time taken to serve the request
  ;      it can accept the following format:
  ;      - %{seconds}d (default)
  ;      - %{miliseconds}d
  ;      - %{mili}d
  ;      - %{microseconds}d
  ;      - %{micro}d
  ;  %e: an environment variable (same as $_ENV or $_SERVER)
  ;      it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the env
  ;      variable. Some exemples:
  ;      - server specifics like: %{REQUEST_METHOD}e or %{SERVER_PROTOCOL}e
  ;      - HTTP headers like: %{HTTP_HOST}e or %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}e
  ;  %f: script filename
  ;  %l: content-length of the request (for POST request only)
  ;  %m: request method
  ;  %M: peak of memory allocated by PHP
  ;      it can accept the following format:
  ;      - %{bytes}M (default)
  ;      - %{kilobytes}M
  ;      - %{kilo}M
  ;      - %{megabytes}M
  ;      - %{mega}M
  ;  %n: pool name
  ;  %o: output header
  ;      it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the header:
  ;      - %{Content-Type}o
  ;      - %{X-Powered-By}o
  ;      - %{Transfert-Encoding}o
  ;      - ....
  ;  %p: PID of the child that serviced the request
  ;  %P: PID of the parent of the child that serviced the request
  ;  %q: the query string
  ;  %Q: the '?' character if query string exists
  ;  %r: the request URI (without the query string, see %q and %Q)
  ;  %R: remote IP address
  ;  %s: status (response code)
  ;  %t: server time the request was received
  ;      it can accept a strftime(3) format:
  ;      %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default)
  ;  %T: time the log has been written (the request has finished)
  ;      it can accept a strftime(3) format:
  ;      %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default)
  ;  %u: remote user
;slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow   用于记录慢请求
;request_slowlog_timeout = 0    慢日志请求超时时间,对一个php程序进行跟踪。
;request_terminate_timeout = 0  终止请求超时时间,在worker进程被杀掉之后,提供单个请求的超时间隔。由于某种原因不停止脚本执行时,应该使用该选项,0表示关闭不启用
  (在php.ini中,max_execution_time 一般设置为30,表示每一个脚本的最大执行时间)
;rlimit_files = 1024        设置打开文件描述符的限制
;rlimit_core = 0           设置内核对资源的使用限制,用于内核转储
;chroot =               设置chroot路径,程序一启动就将其chroot放置到指定的目录下,该指令值必须是一个绝对路径
;chdir = /var/www          在程序启动时将会改变到指定的位置(这个是相对路径,相对当前路径或chroot后的“/”目录)    
;catch_workers_output = yes    将worker的标准输出和错误输出重定向到主要的错误日志记录中,如果没有设置,根据FastCGI的指定,将会被重定向到/dev/null上
;clear_env = no            清理环境
;security.limit_extensions = .php .php3 .php4 .php5  限制FPM执行解析的扩展名
;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
;env[TMP] = /tmp
;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
;env[TEMP] = /tmp
; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings
; overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the
; same as the PHP SAPI:
;   php_value/php_flag             - you can set classic ini defines which can
;                                    be overwritten from PHP call 'ini_set'.
;   php_admin_value/php_admin_flag - these directives won't be overwritten by
;                                     PHP call 'ini_set'
; For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no.
; Defining 'extension' will load the corresponding shared extension from
; extension_dir. Defining 'disable_functions' or 'disable_classes' will not
; overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value
; instead.
;php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f www@my.domain.com
;php_flag[display_errors] = off
;php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/fpm-php.www.log
;php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
;php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 32M
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Summary

1) In the configuration file of php-fpm, there are two very important instructions, namely "pm.max_children" and "request_terminate_timeout"

The first instruction "pm.max_children" determines the processing capacity of php-fpm. In principle, the more the better, but this is based on the premise that the memory is sufficient. Every time a php is opened -The fpm process takes up nearly 30M of memory

If there are many requests for access, 502 and 504 errors may occur. For 502 errors, it is caused by a busy process. For 504, it means that the request sent by the customer did not get a response within the limited time. Too many requests lead to "504 Gateway Time-out". There may also be a server bandwidth issue here.

Another instruction that needs attention is "request_terminate_timeout", which determines the connection/sending and reading time of the php-fpm process. If the setting is too small, it is easy to appear "502 Bad Gateway" and "504 Gateway Time- out", the default is 0, which means it is not enabled and there is no restriction. However, the premise of this setting is that your php-fpm is healthy enough. This needs to be limited according to the actual situation.

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