The use keyword in PHP and file loading
最近有个朋友问我，php中的use关键字是不是会进行文件的自动引入？其实use关键字与文件加载没有一点关系，use关键字的作用就是声明要使用的类所处那个命名空间之下。
前言
可能在大家经常使用框架，写一个Controller或者Model的时候，写了好多use，但是并没有写文件加载的代码，就以为use可以进行文件的自动加载了。
详细介绍
其实，现在流行的php框架，都是基于MVC模式的，大量的使用了命名空间，以提高程序的灵活性。那么框架是怎么实现将use关键字所声明的类库对应的脚本文件进行加载的那？
(1):在通过use关键字进行声明类库的声明的时候，并不会进行脚本的加载，而是在脚本文件真正使用到所对应的类库的时候才会进行加载(这就是所谓延迟加载)。
(2):框架一般在初始化阶段，就声明了__autoload()函数或者是spl_autoload_register()函数(一般会在入口文件中进行声明)。在调用通过use声明的类库的时候，会自动的调用上述的函数，将调用的类库名称传递到函数中(这里的类库名称是包括命名空间的全名称)
<?php
namespace Home\Controller;
function __autoload($class_name) {
//echo $class_name."<br/>";
require_once ("./".$class_name . ".php");
}
use Admin\Controller\Index;
new Index; //new Index会触发__autoload()函数，返回Admin\Controller\Index到函数中
?>(3):框架中定义的__autoload()函数或者是spl_autoload_register()函数在接收到传递过来的类库名称以后，框架会对名称进行处理，分析出类库名称所对应的文件路径，然后进行文件的加载。这里需要注意的是，不同的框架在解析类库名称，分析文件路径的方式是各不一致的，毕竟各自的目录结构是不一样的。
比如说，thinkphp:
/**
* 类库自动加载
* @param string $class 对象类名
* @return void
*/
public static function autoload($class) {
// 检查是否存在映射
if(isset(self::$_map[$class])) {
include self::$_map[$class];
}elseif(false !== strpos($class,'\\')){
$name = strstr($class, '\\', true);
if(in_array($name,array('Think','Org','Behavior','Com','Vendor')) || is_dir(LIB_PATH.$name)){
// Library目录下面的命名空间自动定位
$path = LIB_PATH;
}else{
// 检测自定义命名空间 否则就以模块为命名空间
$namespace = C('AUTOLOAD_NAMESPACE');
$path = isset($namespace[$name])? dirname($namespace[$name]).'/' : APP_PATH;
}
$filename = $path . str_replace('\\', '/', $class) . EXT;
if(is_file($filename)) {
// Win环境下面严格区分大小写
if (IS_WIN && false === strpos(str_replace('/', '\\', realpath($filename)), $class . EXT)){
return ;
}
include $filename;
}
}elseif (!C('APP_USE_NAMESPACE')) {
// 自动加载的类库层
foreach(explode(',',C('APP_AUTOLOAD_LAYER')) as $layer){
if(substr($class,-strlen($layer))==$layer){
if(require_cache(MODULE_PATH.$layer.'/'.$class.EXT)) {
return ;
}
}
}
// 根据自动加载路径设置进行尝试搜索
foreach (explode(',',C('APP_AUTOLOAD_PATH')) as $path){
if(import($path.'.'.$class))
// 如果加载类成功则返回
return ;
}
}
}这里只是举例说明use与文件的自动加载没有关系，不强调各个框架是具体怎么完成自动加载，具体的可以自己看框架代码进行研究。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
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