Detailed introduction to Python's built-in format function
英文文档：
format(value[, format_spec])
Convert a value to a “formatted” representation, as controlled by format_spec. The interpretation of format_spec will depend on the type of the value argument, however there is a standard formatting syntax that is used by most built-in types: Format Specification Mini-Language.
The default format_spec is an empty string which usually gives the same effect as calling str(value).
A call to <span class="pre">format(value, <span class="pre">format_spec)</span></span> is translated to <span class="pre">type(value).__format__(value, <span class="pre">format_spec)</span></span> which bypasses the instance dictionary when searching for the value’s __format__() method. A TypeError exception is raised if the method search reaches object and the format_spec is non-empty, or if either the format_spec or the return value are not strings.
说明：
1. 函数功能将一个数值进行格式化显示。
2. 如果参数format_spec未提供，则和调用str(value)效果相同，转换成字符串格式化。
>>> format(3.1415936) '3.1415936' >>> str(3.1415926) '3.1415926'
3. 对于不同的类型，参数format_spec可提供的值都不一样
#字符串可以提供的参数 's' None >>> format('some string','s') 'some string' >>> format('some string') 'some string' #整形数值可以提供的参数有 'b' 'c' 'd' 'o' 'x' 'X' 'n' None >>> format(3,'b') #转换成二进制 '11' >>> format(97,'c') #转换unicode成字符 'a' >>> format(11,'d') #转换成10进制 '11' >>> format(11,'o') #转换成8进制 '13' >>> format(11,'x') #转换成16进制 小写字母表示 'b' >>> format(11,'X') #转换成16进制 大写字母表示 'B' >>> format(11,'n') #和d一样 '11' >>> format(11) #默认和d一样 '11' #浮点数可以提供的参数有 'e' 'E' 'f' 'F' 'g' 'G' 'n' '%' None >>> format(314159267,'e') #科学计数法，默认保留6位小数 '3.141593e+08' >>> format(314159267,'0.2e') #科学计数法，指定保留2位小数 '3.14e+08' >>> format(314159267,'0.2E') #科学计数法，指定保留2位小数，采用大写E表示 '3.14E+08' >>> format(314159267,'f') #小数点计数法，默认保留6位小数 '314159267.000000' >>> format(3.14159267000,'f') #小数点计数法，默认保留6位小数 '3.141593' >>> format(3.14159267000,'0.8f') #小数点计数法，指定保留8位小数 '3.14159267' >>> format(3.14159267000,'0.10f') #小数点计数法，指定保留10位小数 '3.1415926700' >>> format(3.14e+1000000,'F') #小数点计数法，无穷大转换成大小字母 'INF' #g的格式化比较特殊，假设p为格式中指定的保留小数位数，先尝试采用科学计数法格式化，得到幂指数exp，如果-4<=exp<p，则采用小数计数法，并保留p-1-exp位小数，否则按小数计数法计数，并按p-1保留小数位数 >>> format(0.00003141566,'.1g') #p=1,exp=-5 ==》 -4<=exp<p不成立，按科学计数法计数，保留0位小数点 '3e-05' >>> format(0.00003141566,'.2g') #p=1,exp=-5 ==》 -4<=exp<p不成立，按科学计数法计数，保留1位小数点 '3.1e-05' >>> format(0.00003141566,'.3g') #p=1,exp=-5 ==》 -4<=exp<p不成立，按科学计数法计数，保留2位小数点 '3.14e-05' >>> format(0.00003141566,'.3G') #p=1,exp=-5 ==》 -4<=exp<p不成立，按科学计数法计数，保留0位小数点，E使用大写 '3.14E-05' >>> format(3.1415926777,'.1g') #p=1,exp=0 ==》 -4<=exp<p成立，按小数计数法计数，保留0位小数点 '3' >>> format(3.1415926777,'.2g') #p=1,exp=0 ==》 -4<=exp<p成立，按小数计数法计数，保留1位小数点 '3.1' >>> format(3.1415926777,'.3g') #p=1,exp=0 ==》 -4<=exp<p成立，按小数计数法计数，保留2位小数点 '3.14' >>> format(0.00003141566,'.1n') #和g相同 '3e-05' >>> format(0.00003141566,'.3n') #和g相同 '3.14e-05' >>> format(0.00003141566) #和g相同 '3.141566e-05'
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