javascript - A JS written test question, I don't quite understand it, please explain

Question

function A(params) {
    params = params || {};
    for(var key in params){

        Object.defineProperty(this, key, {
            get : function() {
                return params[key]
            },
            enumerable : false
        });
    }
}


var a = new A({
    'x' : 'X',
    'y' : 'Y',
    'z' : 'Z'
})

console.log(a.x);

The result is Z, which is a bit hard to understand. The console output example is as follows:

Answer 1

The reason is actually very simple, the problem lies in the for loop

for(var key in params){
    Object.defineProperty(this, key, {
        get : function() {
            return params[key]
        },
        enumerable : false
    });
}

The final key here === 'z', and the results of other attributes return params[key], which is params['z']

Answer 2

This is an object copy function. The only difference from the original object is that the attributes of the copied object a cannot be traversed using a for loop. Because of the closure, the keys called by the get function are all z.
a= {

'x' : 'X',
'y' : 'Y',
'z' : 'Z'

}

Answer 3

Create a closure, or use let

function A(params) {
    params = params || {};
    for(var key in params){
    
        (function(key){
            Object.defineProperty(this, key, {
                get : function() {
                    return params[key]
                },
                enumerable : false
            });
        }).call(this,key);
    }
}


var a = new A({
    'x' : 'X',
    'y' : 'Y',
    'z' : 'Z'
})

console.log(a.x);

Or change var key to let key

Answer 4

Object.defineProperty(this, key, {
    get : function() {
        return params[key]
    },
    enumerable : false
});

here,Object.defineProperty(this, key, {}）这里的key是立即读取使用的，所以是预期行为x,y,z

    get : function() {
        return params[key]
    }

This function is executed at a point in time in the future, so it reads the last key值，即z when running. This is the same as the classic closure problem.

    for(var i=0; i<5; i++) {
        dom[i].onclick = function() { // dom为一个dom数组
            console.log(i)
        }
    }

Everything printed is 5.