The elements I defined (which don't require content) seem to work just fine without the closing tag. I'm wondering if this is just a quirk of the browser.
What is the verdict? Is it theoretically possible? What if the parser sees the element before it is defined?
Yes. Custom elements require closing tags. Due to parser reasons, only certain tags in HTML are allowed to self-close.
and:
http://www.w3.org/TR/ html-markup/syntax.html#syntax-elements