python处理一个文本文件

Question

这个文本文件核心有几种情况：1.序号 ID 操作者 操作行为 操作行为 操作对象6883 556773833 RemyMCMXI6880 556772838 Mindmatrix restored undeleted RemyMCMXI6882 556771715 RemyMCMXI6881 556770863 RemyMCMXI...

迷茫 · Answer

For the first situation, you can refer to the following methods:

If you are using Python3 or above:

with open('G:\reserve9.txt', 'r') as reader:
    flag = False
    flag_number = None

    for line in reader:
        number, ID, *items =  line.split()

        if not flag and 'restored' in items:
            flag = True
            flag_number = number
        elif flag and number==flag_number:
            flag = False
            flag_number = None
        
        if flag:
            print(ID)

Explain the code a little bit. The file object generated by using open can be directly used as an iterator. Using for line in reader: will be more concise than using readlines. open產生的 file object 可以直接當作一個 iterator, 利用 for line in reader: 比起 readlines 會更簡明。

另外 number, ID, *items = line.split() 是 unpacking 的用法, 他會將 line.split() 切割出來的字串分別配給 number(配到第一個切割字串) ID(配到第二個), 最後會把其他的切割字串集成一個 list 配給 items (打星號的那個變數)。

不過這個用法不一定適用所有的 Python 版本，所以如果你用的是 Python2.7，可以採行下列做法:

with open('reserve9.txt') as reader:
    flag = False
    flag_number = None

    for line in reader:
        items =  line.split()
        number = items[0]
        ID = items[1]

        if not flag and 'restored' in items:
            flag = True
            flag_number = number
        elif flag and number==flag_number:
            flag = False
            flag_number = None
        
        if flag:
            print ID

至於這種做法的思路很單純，設置一個 flag 標誌用來判斷該行的 ID 是否要被印出或收集。其次每一行都要用 number 和 flag_number 來判斷是否要開關 flag。

下面是Python3的代碼，如果有需要，可以自行將 print 改為 Python2 的用法，差別應該只有在這。(抱歉因為寫得很快，代碼可能不夠精緻)

考慮到所有情形，首先定義了兩個類: IdCollect 用來收集 ID 以及 Action 用來對象化一個操作:

*IdCollect 類

class IdCollect:

    def __init__(self):
        self.dic = {}
        self.outputs = []
        self.idx = 0
        self.newest_action = None

    def do_new_a_collect(self, action):
        if not self.dic.get(action.number, {}):
            if 'restored' in action.ops:
                return True
        return False

    def do_finish_a_collect(self, action):
        collect = self.dic.get(action.number, {})
        if collect:
            return True
        return False

    def handle(self, action):
        print('handle...', action)
        if self.do_new_a_collect(action):
            print('--- do collect new...')
            self.collect_new(action)
        elif self.do_finish_a_collect(action):
            print('--- do collect finish...')
            self.collect_finish(action)
        else:
            print('--- do collect...')
            self.collect(action)

    def collect(self, action):
        if self.newest_action:
            current_collect = self.dic[self.newest_action.number]
        else:
            print('do nothing')
            return

        # collect undeleted
        if not current_collect['undeleted_finish']:
            if action.user1==current_collect['undeleted_user']:
                print('------ collect undeleted')
                current_collect['undeleted_buffer'].append(action)
            else:
                print(action.user1, current_collect['undeleted_user'])
                print('------ finish undeleted')
                current_collect['undeleted_finish'] = True

        # collect restored
        print('------ collect restored')
        current_collect['restored_buffer'].append(action)

    def collect_new(self, action):
        undeleted_buffer = []
        undeleted_user = None
        restored_buffer = []

        if 'undeleted' in action.ops:
            undeleted_buffer.append(action)
            undeleted_user = action.user2
        restored_buffer.append(action)

        self.dic[action.number] = {
            'undeleted_buffer': undeleted_buffer,
            'undeleted_user': undeleted_user,
            'undeleted_finish': False,
            'restored_buffer': restored_buffer,
            'restored_finish': False,
            'idx': self.idx
        }
        self.idx += 1
        self.newest_action = action

    def collect_finish(self, action):
        collect = self.dic[action.number]
        collect['restored_finish'] = True
        self.outputs.append(collect)
        self.dic[action.number] = {}
        self.newest_action = None

    def output(self):
        for number, collect in self.dic.items():
            if collect:
                self.outputs.append(collect)

        self.outputs.sort(key=lambda collect: collect['idx'])

        for collect in self.outputs:
            if collect['restored_finish']:
                for action in collect['restored_buffer']:
                    print('r', action.ID)
            else:
                if collect['undeleted_buffer']:
                    for action in collect['undeleted_buffer']:
                        print('d', action.ID)

*Action

In addition, number, ID, *items = line.split() is the usage of unpacking. It will allocate the strings cut by line.split() to number( Allocated to the first cutting string) ID (allocated to the second), and finally the other cutting strings will be integrated into a list and allocated to items (the variable marked with an asterisk).

However, this usage may not be applicable to all Python versions, so if you are using Python2.7, you can adopt the following methods:

class Action:

    def __init__(self, action_str):
        action_str = action_str.strip()
        items = action_str.split()
        self.number = items[0]
        self.ID = items[1]
        self.user1 = items[2]
        self.ops = items[3:]

        if len(self.ops) > 1:
            self.ops = self.ops[:-1]
            self.user2 = items[-1]
        else:
            self.user2 = ''

    def __str__(self):
        return ' '.join([str(item) for item in [self.number, self.ID, self.user1, self.ops, self.user2]])

The idea of this approach is very simple. Set a flag flag to determine whether the ID of the row should be printed or collected. Secondly, each line must use number and flag_number to determine whether to switch flag on or off.

The following is the code for Python3. If necessary, you can change print to the usage of Python2. The difference should be only here. (Sorry because I wrote it quickly, the code may not be refined enough)🎜 🎜Considering all scenarios, two classes are first defined: IdCollect for collecting IDs and Action for objectifying an action: 🎜 🎜*IdCollect class🎜

with open('reserve9.txt') as reader:

    id_collect = IdCollect()

    for line in reader:
        action = Action(line)

        id_collect.handle(action)

    print('-- output --')
    id_collect.output()

🎜*Action Class:🎜

6883 556773833 RemyMCMX
6880 556772838 Mindmatrix restored undeleted RemyMCMXI
6882 556771715 RemyMCMXI
6881 556770863 RemyMCMXI
6880 556673938 Liua97
6879 554350969 Epicgenius
6880 554332653 Alex
13 82239 194.205.123.10 restored undeleted 62.30.0.4
14 64090 62.30.0.4
13 64041 Lee Daniel Crocker
12 61789 JeLuF
11 55828 Conversion script
10 294279 62.82.226.xxx
9 294278 Larry_Sanger
8 294277 Larry_Sanger
7 334555726 24.112.58.xxx
5 334555725 156.62.18.xxx restored undeleted 156.62.18.xxx
6 334555724 156.62.18.xxx
5 334555723 AxelBoldt
4 334555722 The Cunctator
3 334555721 The Cunctator
1 334555720 Alan D
2 334555718 64.38.175.xxx
1 334555717 The Cunctator
5 334555725 156.62.18.xxx restored undeleted 156.62.18.xxx
6 334555724 156.62.18.xxx
6 334555724 156.62.18.xxx
6 334555724 156.62.18.xxx
6 334555724 156.62.18.xxx
6 334555724 156.62.18.xxx
1 334555720 Alan D
1 334555720 Alan D
1 334555720 Alan D
1 334555720 Alan D
1 334555720 Alan D
1 334555720 Alan D
1 334555720 Alan D
13 82239 194.205.123.10 restored undeleted 62.30.0.4
13 64041 Lee Daniel Crocker

🎜The last is the method to use:🎜

...一些省略掉的收集過程...
-- output --
r 556772838
r 556771715
r 556770863
r 82239
r 64090
r 334555725
r 334555724
d 334555725
d 334555724
d 334555724
d 334555724
d 334555724
d 334555724
r 82239

🎜 🎜The following is a test file I scribbled:🎜 rrreee 🎜The output looks like this:🎜 rrreee