hibernate 映射继承关系
实现方式一般有三种: 1. 继承关系树每个具体类对应一张表(不介绍) 2. 继承关系树的根类对应一张表 3. 继承关系树的每个类对应一张表 先介绍关系: DayEmployee和MonthEmploy是Employee的子类,并且Company和Employee是一对多关系: 具体代码如下: Compan
实现方式一般有三种:
1. 继承关系树每个具体类对应一张表(不介绍)
2. 继承关系树的根类对应一张表
3. 继承关系树的每个类对应一张表
先介绍关系:
DayEmployee和MonthEmploy是Employee的子类,并且Company和Employee是一对多关系:
具体代码如下:
Company.java
<code class=" hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.HashSet; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.Set; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Company</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Integer id; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String name; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Set<Employee> employees = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HashSet<Employee>(); <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">Company</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(); } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">Company</span>(String name) { <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(); <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.name = name; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Integer <span class="hljs-title">getId</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> id; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setId</span>(Integer id) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.id = id; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">getName</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> name; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setName</span>(String name) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.name = name; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Set<Employee> <span class="hljs-title">getEmployees</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> employees; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setEmployees</span>(Set<Employee> employees) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.employees = employees; } }</code>
Employee.java
<code class=" hljs cs"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> Employee { <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Integer id; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String name; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Integer age; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Company company; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Company <span class="hljs-title">getCompany</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> company; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setCompany</span>(Company company) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.company = company; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Integer <span class="hljs-title">getId</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> id; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setId</span>(Integer id) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.id = id; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">getName</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> name; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setName</span>(String name) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.name = name; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Integer <span class="hljs-title">getAge</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> age; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setAge</span>(Integer age) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.age = age; } } </code>
DayEmployee.java
<code class=" hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">DayEmployee</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">Employee</span>{</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Double dayMoney; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Double <span class="hljs-title">getDayMoney</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dayMoney; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setDayMoney</span>(Double dayMoney) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.dayMoney = dayMoney; } } </code>
MonthEmploy.java
<code class=" hljs java"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MonthEmploy</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">Employee</span>{</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Double monthMoney; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Double <span class="hljs-title">getMonthMoney</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> monthMoney; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setMonthMoney</span>(Double monthMoney) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.monthMoney = monthMoney; } } </code>
Company.hbm.xml
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="hljs-pi"><?xml version="1.0"?></span> <span class="hljs-doctype"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">package</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"com.dongecs.test1.pojo"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">class</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"Company"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">table</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"COMPANY"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">id</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"id"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.Integer"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">column</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"ID"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">generator</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"native"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">id</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"name"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.String"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">column</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"NAME"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">set</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"employees"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">table</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"EMPLOYEE"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">inverse</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"true"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">lazy</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"true"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">key</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">column</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"COMPANY"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">key</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">one-to-many</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"Employee"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">set</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">class</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span>></span></code>
继承关系树的根类对应一张表对应的Employee.hbm.xml的写法
Employee.hbm.xml
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="hljs-pi"><?xml version="1.0"?></span> <span class="hljs-doctype"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">package</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"com.dongecs.test1.pojo"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 利用discriminator-value默认 empType 的值为emp --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">class</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"Employee"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">table</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"EMPLOYEE"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">discriminator-value</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"emp"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">id</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"id"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.Integer"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">column</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"ID"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">generator</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"native"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">id</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!--用于识别此类的类别 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">discriminator</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empType"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"string"</span>/></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"name"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.String"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">column</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"NAME"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"age"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.Integer"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">column</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"AGE"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">many-to-one</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"company"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"Company"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">fetch</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"join"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">column</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"COMPANY"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">many-to-one</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 若为DayEmployee,那么将empType的值设为DE --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">subclass</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"DayEmployee"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">discriminator-value</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"DE"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"dayMoney"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"double"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">subclass</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 若为MonthEmploy,那么将empType的值设为ME --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">subclass</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"MonthEmploy"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">discriminator-value</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"ME"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"monthMoney"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"double"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">subclass</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">class</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span>></span> </code>
利用上述代码作如下测试:
<code class=" hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">EmployeeTest</span> {</span> SessionFactory sessionFactory = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; Transaction transaction = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-annotation">@Before</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">init</span>() { Configuration configuration = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Configuration().configure(); ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()) .buildServiceRegistry(); sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry); session = sessionFactory.openSession(); transaction = session.beginTransaction(); } <span class="hljs-annotation">@After</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">after</span>() { transaction.commit(); session.close(); sessionFactory.close(); } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Test</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">testEmployee</span>() { Company company = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Company(<span class="hljs-string">"com1"</span>); DayEmployee d1 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> DayEmployee(); d1.setAge(<span class="hljs-number">22</span>); d1.setDayMoney(<span class="hljs-number">50.0</span>); d1.setName(<span class="hljs-string">"d1"</span>); MonthEmploy d2 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> MonthEmploy(); d2.setAge(<span class="hljs-number">30</span>); d2.setMonthMoney(<span class="hljs-number">79.0</span>); d2.setName(<span class="hljs-string">"d2"</span>); Employee employee = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Employee(); employee.setAge(<span class="hljs-number">90</span>); employee.setName(<span class="hljs-string">"employee"</span>); d1.setCompany(company); d2.setCompany(company); employee.setCompany(company); <span class="hljs-comment">//inverse = true 时可以关联, 当相对多出3条update,因此建议使用多的一端关联</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// company.getEmployees().add(employee);</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// company.getEmployees().add(d1);</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// company.getEmployees().add(d2);</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//把一的一段放到最前保存,可以减小3条更新操作</span> session.save(company); session.save(employee); session.save(d2); session.save(d1); } }</code>
会得出如下结果:
继承关系树的每个类对应一张表Employee.hbm.xml的写法
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="hljs-pi"><?xml version="1.0"?></span> <span class="hljs-doctype"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">package</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"com.dongecs.test1.pojo"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">class</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"Employee"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">table</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"EMPLOYEE"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">id</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"id"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.Integer"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">column</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"ID"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">generator</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"native"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">id</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"name"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.String"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">column</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"NAME"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"age"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.Integer"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">column</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"AGE"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">many-to-one</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"company"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"Company"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">fetch</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"join"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">column</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"COMPANY"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">many-to-one</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 利用joined-subclass表签外键关联MonthEmploy --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">joined-subclass</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"MonthEmploy"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">table</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"MONEMPLOY"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">key</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"EMPLOYEE_ID"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">key</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"monthMoney"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"double"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">joined-subclass</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">joined-subclass</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"DayEmployee"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">table</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"DAYEMPLOY"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">key</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"EMPLOYEE_ID"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">key</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"dayMoney"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"double"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">joined-subclass</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">class</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span>></span></code>
测试代码:
<code class=" hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">EmployeeTest</span> {</span> SessionFactory sessionFactory = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; Transaction transaction = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-annotation">@Before</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">init</span>() { Configuration configuration = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Configuration().configure(); ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()) .buildServiceRegistry(); sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry); session = sessionFactory.openSession(); transaction = session.beginTransaction(); } <span class="hljs-annotation">@After</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">after</span>() { transaction.commit(); session.close(); sessionFactory.close(); } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Test</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">testEmployee</span>() { Company company = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Company(<span class="hljs-string">"com1"</span>); DayEmployee d1 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> DayEmployee(); d1.setAge(<span class="hljs-number">22</span>); d1.setDayMoney(<span class="hljs-number">50.0</span>); d1.setName(<span class="hljs-string">"d1"</span>); MonthEmploy d2 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> MonthEmploy(); d2.setAge(<span class="hljs-number">30</span>); d2.setMonthMoney(<span class="hljs-number">79.0</span>); d2.setName(<span class="hljs-string">"d2"</span>); Employee employee = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Employee(); employee.setAge(<span class="hljs-number">90</span>); employee.setName(<span class="hljs-string">"employee"</span>); d1.setCompany(company); d2.setCompany(company); employee.setCompany(company); <span class="hljs-comment">//inverse = true 时可以关联, 当相对多出3条update,因此建议使用多的一端关联</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// company.getEmployees().add(employee);</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// company.getEmployees().add(d1);</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// company.getEmployees().add(d2);</span> <span class="hljs-comment">//把一的一段放到最前保存,可以减小3条更新操作</span> session.save(company); session.save(employee); session.save(d2); session.save(d1); } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Test</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">findFromEmployeeTable</span>(){ String hql = <span class="hljs-string">"from Employee"</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">//通过左外链接找</span> List<Employee> list = session.createQuery(hql).list(); <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (Employee emp : list){ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (emp <span class="hljs-keyword">instanceof</span> DayEmployee){ System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"day"</span>); } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (emp <span class="hljs-keyword">instanceof</span> MonthEmploy){ System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"mon"</span>); } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> { System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"emp"</span>); } } } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Test</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">findFromDayEmployeeTable</span>(){ String hql = <span class="hljs-string">"from DayEmployee"</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">//通过内连接找</span> List<Employee> list = session.createQuery(hql).list(); System.out.println(list.size()); } } </code>
得出如下结果:
结论:
1.使用根类对应一张表
好处:只需创建一张表,不用外键关联
缺点:如果子类属性多,会导致另一子类有过多的空值,而且不能设置一些字段的not null约束,因此不能保证数据库的完整性
2.每个类对应一张表(外键关联)
好处:如果某个类的属性发生变化,只需修改和这个类对应的表
缺点:利用外键关联查询
ref:
孙卫琴.精通Hibernate:Java对象持久化技术详解

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華為手機如何實現雙微信登入?隨著社群媒體的興起,微信已成為人們日常生活中不可或缺的溝通工具之一。然而,許多人可能會遇到一個問題:在同一部手機上同時登入多個微信帳號。對於華為手機用戶來說,實現雙微信登入並不困難,本文將介紹華為手機如何實現雙微信登入的方法。首先,華為手機自帶的EMUI系統提供了一個很方便的功能-應用程式雙開。透過應用程式雙開功能,用戶可以在手機上同

在函數繼承中,使用「基底類別指標」和「衍生類別指標」來理解繼承機制:基底類別指標指向派生類別物件時,執行向上轉型,只存取基底類別成員。派生類別指標指向基底類別物件時,執行向下轉型(不安全),必須謹慎使用。

程式語言PHP是一種用於Web開發的強大工具,能夠支援多種不同的程式設計邏輯和演算法。其中,實作斐波那契數列是一個常見且經典的程式設計問題。在這篇文章中,將介紹如何使用PHP程式語言來實作斐波那契數列的方法,並附上具體的程式碼範例。斐波那契數列是一個數學上的序列,其定義如下:數列的第一個和第二個元素為1,從第三個元素開始,每個元素的值等於前兩個元素的和。數列的前幾元

如何在華為手機上實現微信分身功能隨著社群軟體的普及和人們對隱私安全的日益重視,微信分身功能逐漸成為人們關注的焦點。微信分身功能可以幫助使用者在同一台手機上同時登入多個微信帳號,方便管理和使用。在華為手機上實現微信分身功能並不困難,只需要按照以下步驟操作即可。第一步:確保手機系統版本和微信版本符合要求首先,確保你的華為手機系統版本已更新至最新版本,以及微信App

在現今的軟體開發領域中,Golang(Go語言)作為一種高效、簡潔、並發性強的程式語言,越來越受到開發者的青睞。其豐富的標準庫和高效的並發特性使它成為遊戲開發領域的一個備受關注的選擇。本文將探討如何利用Golang來實現遊戲開發,並透過具體的程式碼範例來展示其強大的可能性。 1.Golang在遊戲開發中的優勢作為靜態類型語言,Golang正在建構大型遊戲系統

PHP遊戲需求實現指南隨著網路的普及和發展,網頁遊戲的市場也越來越火爆。許多開發者希望利用PHP語言來開發自己的網頁遊戲,而實現遊戲需求是其中一個關鍵步驟。本文將介紹如何利用PHP語言來實現常見的遊戲需求,並提供具體的程式碼範例。 1.創造遊戲角色在網頁遊戲中,遊戲角色是非常重要的元素。我們需要定義遊戲角色的屬性,例如姓名、等級、經驗值等,並提供方法來操作這些

繼承和多態性會影響類別的耦合度:繼承會增加耦合度,因為衍生類別依賴基底類別。多態性可以降低耦合度,因為物件可以透過虛擬函數和基底類別指標以一致的方式回應訊息。最佳實踐包括謹慎使用繼承、定義公共介面、避免在基底類別中新增資料成員,以及透過依賴注入解耦類別。實戰案例顯示如何使用多態性和依賴注入來降低銀行帳戶應用程式中的耦合度。

繼承錯誤調試技巧:確保正確的繼承關係。使用偵錯器逐步執行程式碼,檢查變數值。確保正確使用virtual修飾符。檢查隱藏的繼承帶來的菱形繼承問題。檢查抽象類別中未實現的純虛函數。
