定时器任务,在WEB应用比较常见,如何使用PHP实现定时器任务,大致有两种方案:1)使用Crontab命令,写一个shell脚本,在脚本中调用PHP文件,然后定期执行该脚本;2)配合使用ignore_user_abort()和set_time_limit(),使脚本脱离浏览器运行。前者是利用Linux的特性,和PHP本身没有多大关系,后者使用场景有限,且只能由一次HTTP请求触发该脚本,执行完后退出。那么我们如何使用纯PHP实现纯粹的定时器任务,且能适应认识任务业务需求?
基础知识
此程序在Linux下开发,以cli模式运行,一下是基本知识的简要介绍。
实现原理
用一个三维数组保存所有需要执行的任务,一级索引为时间戳,值为执行任务的方法、回调参数等,具体数组形式如下:
<span>array</span><span>( </span>'1438156396' => <span>array</span><span>( </span><span>array</span>(1,<span>array</span>('Class','Func'), <span>array</span>(), <span>true</span>),<span> ) ) 说明</span>: 1438156396<span> 时间戳 </span><span>array</span>(1,<span>array</span>('Class','Func'), <span>array</span>(), <span>true</span><span>) 参数依次表示</span>: 执行时间间隔,回调函数,传递给回调函数的参数,是否持久化(ture则一直保存在数据中,否则执行一次后删除)
这些任务可以是任意类的方法。既然是定时任务,我们需要一个类似计时的东东,此方案采用信号量去做,每一秒向当前进程发送SIGALRM信号,并捕获该信号,触发信号处理函数,循环遍历数据,判断是否有当前时间需要执行的任务。如果有则采用回调方式触发,并把参数传递给该方法。
<span> 1</span> <?<span>php </span><span> 2</span> <span>/*</span><span>* </span><span> 3</span> <span>*定时器 </span><span> 4</span> <span>*/</span> <span> 5</span> <span>class</span><span> Timer </span><span> 6</span> <span>{ </span><span> 7</span> <span>//</span><span>保存所有定时任务</span> <span> 8</span> <span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>$task</span> = <span>array</span><span>(); </span><span> 9</span> <span> 10</span> <span>//</span><span>定时间隔</span> <span> 11</span> <span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>$time</span> = 1<span>; </span><span> 12</span> <span> 13</span> <span>/*</span><span>* </span><span> 14</span> <span> *开启服务 </span><span> 15</span> <span> *@param $time int </span><span> 16</span> <span>*/</span> <span> 17</span> <span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>function</span> run(<span>$time</span> = <span>null</span><span>) </span><span> 18</span> <span> { </span><span> 19</span> <span>if</span>(<span>$time</span><span>) </span><span> 20</span> <span> { </span><span> 21</span> self::<span>$time</span> = <span>$time</span><span>; </span><span> 22</span> <span> } </span><span> 23</span> self::<span>installHandler(); </span><span> 24</span> pcntl_alarm(1<span>); </span><span> 25</span> <span> } </span><span> 26</span> <span>/*</span><span>* </span><span> 27</span> <span> *注册信号处理函数 </span><span> 28</span> <span>*/</span> <span> 29</span> <span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>function</span><span> installHandler() </span><span> 30</span> <span> { </span><span> 31</span> pcntl_signal(SIGALRM, <span>array</span>('Timer','signalHandler'<span>)); </span><span> 32</span> <span> } </span><span> 33</span> <span> 34</span> <span>/*</span><span>* </span><span> 35</span> <span> *信号处理函数 </span><span> 36</span> <span>*/</span> <span> 37</span> <span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>function</span><span> signalHandler() </span><span> 38</span> <span> { </span><span> 39</span> self::<span>task(); </span><span> 40</span> <span>//</span><span>一次信号事件执行完成后,再触发下一次</span> <span> 41</span> pcntl_alarm(self::<span>$time</span><span>); </span><span> 42</span> <span> } </span><span> 43</span> <span> 44</span> <span>/*</span><span>* </span><span> 45</span> <span> *执行回调 </span><span> 46</span> <span>*/</span> <span> 47</span> <span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>function</span><span> task() </span><span> 48</span> <span> { </span><span> 49</span> <span>if</span>(<span>empty</span>(self::<span>$task</span><span>)) </span><span> 50</span> {<span>//</span><span>没有任务,返回</span> <span> 51</span> <span>return</span><span> ; </span><span> 52</span> <span> } </span><span> 53</span> <span>foreach</span>(self::<span>$task</span> <span>as</span> <span>$time</span> => <span>$arr</span><span>) </span><span> 54</span> <span> { </span><span> 55</span> <span>$current</span> = <span>time</span><span>(); </span><span> 56</span> <span> 57</span> <span>foreach</span>(<span>$arr</span> <span>as</span> <span>$k</span> => <span>$job</span><span>) </span><span> 58</span> {<span>//</span><span>遍历每一个任务</span> <span> 59</span> <span>$func</span> = <span>$job</span>['func']; <span>/*</span><span>回调函数</span><span>*/</span> <span> 60</span> <span>$argv</span> = <span>$job</span>['argv']; <span>/*</span><span>回调函数参数</span><span>*/</span> <span> 61</span> <span>$interval</span> = <span>$job</span>['interval']; <span>/*</span><span>时间间隔</span><span>*/</span> <span> 62</span> <span>$persist</span> = <span>$job</span>['persist']; <span>/*</span><span>持久化</span><span>*/</span> <span> 63</span> <span> 64</span> <span>if</span>(<span>$current</span> == <span>$time</span><span>) </span><span> 65</span> {<span>//</span><span>当前时间有执行任务 </span><span> 66</span> <span> 67</span> <span> //调用回调函数,并传递参数</span> <span> 68</span> <span>call_user_func_array</span>(<span>$func</span>, <span>$argv</span><span>); </span><span> 69</span> <span> 70</span> <span>//</span><span>删除该任务</span> <span> 71</span> <span>unset</span>(self::<span>$task</span>[<span>$time</span>][<span>$k</span><span>]); </span><span> 72</span> <span> } </span><span> 73</span> <span>if</span>(<span>$persist</span><span>) </span><span> 74</span> {<span>//</span><span>如果做持久化,则写入数组,等待下次唤醒</span> <span> 75</span> self::<span>$task</span>[<span>$current</span>+<span>$interval</span>][] = <span>$job</span><span>; </span><span> 76</span> <span> } </span><span> 77</span> <span> } </span><span> 78</span> <span>if</span>(<span>empty</span>(self::<span>$task</span>[<span>$time</span><span>])) </span><span> 79</span> <span> { </span><span> 80</span> <span>unset</span>(self::<span>$task</span>[<span>$time</span><span>]); </span><span> 81</span> <span> } </span><span> 82</span> <span> } </span><span> 83</span> <span> } </span><span> 84</span> <span> 85</span> <span>/*</span><span>* </span><span> 86</span> <span> *添加任务 </span><span> 87</span> <span>*/</span> <span> 88</span> <span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>function</span> add(<span>$interval</span>, <span>$func</span>, <span>$argv</span> = <span>array</span>(), <span>$persist</span> = <span>false</span><span>) </span><span> 89</span> <span> { </span><span> 90</span> <span>if</span>(<span>is_null</span>(<span>$interval</span><span>)) </span><span> 91</span> <span> { </span><span> 92</span> <span>return</span><span>; </span><span> 93</span> <span> } </span><span> 94</span> <span>$time</span> = <span>time</span>()+<span>$interval</span><span>; </span><span> 95</span> <span>//</span><span>写入定时任务</span> <span> 96</span> self::<span>$task</span>[<span>$time</span>][] = <span>array</span>('func'=><span>$func</span>, 'argv'=><span>$argv</span>, 'interval'=><span>$interval</span>, 'persist'=><span>$persist</span><span>); </span><span> 97</span> <span> } </span><span> 98</span> <span> 99</span> <span>/*</span><span>* </span><span>100</span> <span> *删除所有定时器任务 </span><span>101</span> <span>*/</span> <span>102</span> <span>public</span> <span>function</span><span> dellAll() </span><span>103</span> <span> { </span><span>104</span> self::<span>$task</span> = <span>array</span><span>(); </span><span>105</span> <span> } </span><span>106</span> }
这是定时器类核心部分,有一个静态变量保存有所有需要执行的任务,这里为什么是静态的呢?大家自行思考.当进程接受到 SIGALRM 信号后,触发 signalHandler 函数,随后循序遍历数组查看是否有当前时间需要执行的任务,有则回调,并传递参数,删除当前job,随后检查是否要做持久化任务,是则继续将当前job写入事件数组等待下次触发,最后再为当前进程设置一个闹钟信号.可以看出这个定时器,只要触发一次就会从内部再次触发,得到自循环目的.
<span> 1</span> <?<span>php </span><span> 2</span> <span> 3</span> <span>class</span><span> DoJob </span><span> 4</span> <span>{ </span><span> 5</span> <span>public</span> <span>function</span> job( <span>$param</span> = <span>array</span><span>() ) </span><span> 6</span> <span> { </span><span> 7</span> <span>$time</span> = <span>time</span><span>(); </span><span> 8</span> <span>echo</span> "Time: {<span>$time</span>}, Func: ".<span>get_class</span>()."::".<span>__FUNCTION__</span>."(".json_encode(<span>$param</span>).")\n"<span>; </span><span> 9</span> <span> } </span><span>10</span> }
这是回调类及函数,为方便说明,加入不少调试信息.Timer类及回调都有了,我们看看使用场景是怎么样的.
<span> 1</span> <?<span>php </span><span> 2</span> <span> 3</span> <span>require_once</span>(__DIR__."/Timer.php"<span>); </span><span> 4</span> <span>require_once</span>(__DIR__."/DoJob.php"<span>); </span><span> 5</span> <span> 6</span> <span> 7</span> Timer::<span>dellAll(); </span><span> 8</span> <span> 9</span> Timer::add( 1, <span>array</span>('DoJob','job'), <span>array</span>(),<span>true</span><span>); </span><span>10</span> <span>11</span> Timer::add( 3, <span>array</span>('DoJob','job'),<span>array</span>('a'=>1), <span>false</span><span>); </span><span>12</span> <span>13</span> <span>echo</span> "Time start: ".<span>time</span>()."\n"<span>; </span><span>14</span> Timer::<span>run(); </span><span>15</span> <span>16</span> <span>while</span>(1<span>) </span><span>17</span> <span>{ </span><span>18</span> <span>sleep</span>(1<span>); </span><span>19</span> <span> pcntl_signal_dispatch(); </span><span>20</span> }
代码非常短,这里注册了两个job,随后运行定时器,在一个无限循环里捕捉信号触发动作,如果不捕获将无法触发事先注册的处理函数.这样一个自循环的定时器开发完成.运行结果如下:
如我们场景类添加的任务一样,在90的时候执行了两个任务,一个为持久化的不带参数的job,一个为非持久化带参数的job,随后非持久化job不再执行.
总结