在实际项目或者自己编写小工具(比如新闻聚合,商品价格监控,比价)的过程中, 通常需要从第3方网站或者API接口获取数据, 在需要处理1个URL队列时, 为了提高性能, 可以采用cURL提供的curl_multi_*族函数实现简单的并发。
本文将探讨两种具体的实现方法, 并对不同的方法做简单的性能对比.
1. 经典cURL并发机制及其存在的问题
经典的cURL实现机制在网上很容易找到, 比如参考PHP在线手册的如下实现方式:
复制代码 代码如下:
function
classic_curl($urls,
$delay)
{
$queue
= curl_multi_init();
$map
= array();
foreach
($urls
as
$url)
{
//
create cURL resources
$ch
= curl_init();
//
set URL and other appropriate options
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 1);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, true);
//
add handle
curl_multi_add_handle($queue,
$ch);
$map[$url]
= $ch;
}
$active
= null;
//
execute the handles
do
{
$mrc
= curl_multi_exec($queue,
$active);
}
while
($mrc
== CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
while
($active
> 0 && $mrc
== CURLM_OK) {
if
(curl_multi_select($queue,
0.5) != -1) {
do
{
$mrc
= curl_multi_exec($queue,
$active);
}
while
($mrc
== CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
}
}
$responses
= array();
foreach
($map
as
$url=>$ch)
{
$responses[$url]
= callback(curl_multi_getcontent($ch),
$delay);
curl_multi_remove_handle($queue,
$ch);
curl_close($ch);
}
curl_multi_close($queue);
return
$responses;
}
复制代码 代码如下:
function
rolling_curl($urls,
$delay)
{
$queue
= curl_multi_init();
$map
= array();
foreach
($urls
as
$url)
{
$ch
= curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 1);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, true);
curl_multi_add_handle($queue,
$ch);
$map[(string)
$ch]
= $url;
}
$responses
= array();
do
{
while
(($code
= curl_multi_exec($queue,
$active))
== CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM) ;
if
($code
!= CURLM_OK) { break;
}
//
a request was just completed -- find out which one
while
($done
= curl_multi_info_read($queue))
{
//
get the info and content returned on the request
$info
= curl_getinfo($done['handle']);
$error
= curl_error($done['handle']);
$results
= callback(curl_multi_getcontent($done['handle']),
$delay);
$responses[$map[(string)
$done['handle']]]
= compact('info',
'error',
'results');
//
remove the curl handle that just completed
curl_multi_remove_handle($queue,
$done['handle']);
curl_close($done['handle']);
}
//
Block for data in / output; error handling is done by curl_multi_exec
if
($active
> 0) {
curl_multi_select($queue,
0.5);
}
}
while
($active);
curl_multi_close($queue);
return
$responses;
}
http://a.com/item.htm?id=14392877692
http:/a.com/item.htm?id=16231676302
http://a.com/item.htm?id=5522416710
http://a.com/item.htm?id=16551116403
简要说明下实验设计的原则和性能测试结果的格式: 为保证结果的可靠, 每组实验重复20次, 在单次实验中, 给定相同的接口URL集合, 分别测量Classic(指经典的并发机制)和Rolling(指改进后的并发机制)两种并发机制的耗时(秒为单位), 耗时短者胜出(Winner), 并计算节省的时间(Excellence, 秒为单位)以及性能提升比例(Excel. %). 为了尽量贴近真实的请求而又保持实验的简单, 在对返回结果的处理上只是做了简单的正则表达式匹配, 而没有进行其他复杂的操作. 另外, 为了确定结果处理回调对性能对比测试结果的影响, 可以使用usleep模拟现实中比较负责的数据处理逻辑(如提取, 分词, 写入文件或数据库等).
性能测试中用到的回调函数为:
复制代码 代码如下:
function
callback($data,
$delay)
{
preg_match_all('/
usleep($delay);
return
compact('data',
'matches');
}