簡介
在本教程中，我們將逐步介紹如何使用測試來確保 Go 應用程式中以太坊資料提取的完整性。我們將使用 Go-Ethereum 用戶端檢索區塊和交易數據，並使用 testify 套件進行測試。
先決條件
- 對 Go 程式語言有基本了解。
- 安裝到您的系統上。
- geth (Go-Ethereum) 用戶端已安裝。
- 已安裝 testify 軟體包（前往 github.com/stretchr/testify）。
項目設定
- 建立一個 Go 專案：
mkdir ethereum-data-extraction
cd ethereum-data-extraction
go mod init ethereum-data-extraction
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- 安裝依賴項：
go get github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
go get github.com/stretchr/testify
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資料擷取代碼
區塊資料擷取
我們先從提取區塊資料的函數開始。
package blockchain
import (
"context"
"log"
"math/big"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
)
type BlockData struct {
Number *big.Int
Hash string
ParentHash string
Nonce uint64
Sha3Uncles string
Miner string
Difficulty *big.Int
ExtraData string
Size uint64
GasLimit uint64
GasUsed uint64
Timestamp uint64
Transactions []string
}
func getClient() (*ethclient.Client, error) {
client, err := ethclient.Dial("https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/YOUR_INFURA_PROJECT_ID")
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return client, nil
}
func GetBlockData(blockNumber *big.Int) (*BlockData, error) {
client, err := getClient()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Failed to get client:", err)
}
block, err := client.BlockByNumber(context.Background(), blockNumber)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to retrieve the block: %v", err)
return nil, err
}
transactionHashes := make([]string, len(block.Body().Transactions))
for i, tx := range block.Body().Transactions {
transactionHashes[i] = tx.Hash().Hex()
}
blockData := &BlockData{
Number: block.Number(),
Hash: block.Hash().Hex(),
ParentHash: block.ParentHash().Hex(),
Nonce: block.Nonce(),
Sha3Uncles: block.UncleHash().Hex(),
Miner: block.Coinbase().Hex(),
Difficulty: block.Difficulty(),
ExtraData: string(block.Extra()),
Size: block.Size(),
GasLimit: block.GasLimit(),
GasUsed: block.GasUsed(),
Timestamp: block.Time(),
Transactions: transactionHashes,
}
return blockData, nil
}
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交易資料擷取
接下來，我們定義提取交易資料的函數。
package blockchain
import (
"context"
"log"
"math/big"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"
)
type TransactionData struct {
Hash string
Nonce uint64
From string
To string
Value *big.Int
Gas uint64
GasPrice *big.Int
Data string
}
func GetTxData(txHash string) (*TransactionData, error) {
client, err := getClient()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Failed to get client:", err)
return nil, err
}
tx, _, err := client.TransactionByHash(context.Background(), common.HexToHash(txHash))
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Failed to retrieve transaction:", err)
return nil, err
}
sender, err := getTxSender(tx)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to get sender: %v", err)
return nil, err
}
decodedData := decodeTxData(tx.Data())
return &TransactionData{
Hash: tx.Hash().Hex(),
Nonce: tx.Nonce(),
From: sender,
To: tx.To().Hex(),
Value: tx.Value(),
Gas: tx.Gas(),
GasPrice: tx.GasPrice(),
Data: decodedData,
}, nil
}
func getChainId() (*big.Int, error) {
client, err := getClient()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Failed to get client:", err)
return big.NewInt(0), err
}
chainId, err := client.NetworkID(context.Background())
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Failed to get chainId:", err)
return big.NewInt(0), err
}
return chainId, nil
}
func getTxSender(tx *types.Transaction) (string, error) {
chainId, err := getChainId()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Failed to get chainId:", err)
return "", err
}
sender, err := types.Sender(types.NewLondonSigner(chainId), tx)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Not able to retrieve sender:", err)
return "", err
}
return sender.Hex(), nil
}
func decodeTxData(data []byte) string {
dataHex := common.Bytes2Hex(data)
return dataHex
}
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寫測驗
現在，讓我們寫測試來斷言資料提取函數的完整性。
package blockchain
import (
"fmt"
"math/big"
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)
func TestGetBlockData(t *testing.T) {
blockNumber := big.NewInt(20076728)
blockData, err := GetBlockData(blockNumber)
// Use fmt.Sprintf to format the log message
t.Log(fmt.Sprintf("Block Data: \n%+v\nError: \n%v", blockData, err))
assert.Nil(t, err)
assert.NotNil(t, blockData)
}
func TestGetTransactionData(t *testing.T) {
blockNumber := big.NewInt(20076728)
blockData, err := GetBlockData(blockNumber)
assert.Nil(t, err)
assert.NotNil(t, blockData)
if len(blockData.Transactions) > 0 {
tx := blockData.Transactions[0]
txData, err := GetTxData(tx)
// Use fmt.Sprintf to format the log message
t.Log(fmt.Sprintf("Transaction Data: \n%+v\nError: \n%v", txData, err))
assert.Nil(t, err)
assert.NotNil(t, txData)
} else {
t.Skip("No transactions found in the block")
}
}
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使用以下命令執行測試：
輸出：
--- PASS: TestGetBlockData (0.95s)
=== RUN TestGetTransactionData
Current working directory: /mnt/c/github/dfbeat-v2/pkg/blockchain
Current working directory: /mnt/c/github/dfbeat-v2/pkg/blockchain
Current working directory: /mnt/c/github/dfbeat-v2/pkg/blockchain
blockchain_test.go:33: Transaction Data:
&{Hash:0x47e80ad8fa5f3bc94160f7eb1a3357f87b2756190007ab815b1a1890ddb65949 Nonce:249 BlockHash: BlockNumber:0 TransactionIndex:0 From:0x71B8CF59230bb295ade15506efd258eb458056A1 To:0x80a64c6D7f12C47B7c66c5B4E20E72bc1FCd5d9e Value:+50000000000000000 Gas:297438 GasPrice:+81175867687 Data: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}
Error:
<nil>
--- PASS: TestGetTransactionData (0.56s)
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結論
在本教程中，我們示範如何使用 Go 和 Go-Ethereum 用戶端從以太坊區塊鏈中提取區塊和交易資料。我們也介紹如何編寫和執行測試以確保資料提取過程的完整性。透過執行以下步驟，您可以在 Go 應用程式中可靠地檢索和驗證區塊鏈資料。
以上是透過測試來確保以太坊資料提取的完整性的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
