作者：Builders
編譯：深潮TechFlow
編譯：深潮TechFlow
代幣上是一個項目歷史上的關鍵項目。
如果搞砸了代幣發行，專案可能就此終結。
沒有什麼比女巫攻擊更能迅速摧毀代幣發行的信譽了。在這種攻擊中，惡意行為者創建多個虛假身份，試圖在網路中獲得不成比例的影響力和代幣分配。
沒有人希望看到一個虛假的社區。
接下來，我們將透過兩個最近的空投案例：zkSync 和 LayerZero，來探討女巫攻擊如何影響代幣發行。
zkSync
zkSync 是一個使用零知識證明的以太坊 Layer 2 擴展解決方案，曾是 2024 年最受期待的空投之一。然而，由於缺乏女巫防範措施，它受到了不少批評。例如，Polygon Labs 的首席資訊安全長 Mudit Gupta 在 X 上評論道：
zkSync 的空投已經發布。
這可能是有史以來最容易被「農場」的空投。
據我所知，幾乎沒有進行 Sybil 過濾。
任何了解標準的人都可以輕鬆大量取得。
這讓人更加理解 LayerZero 在 Sybil 過濾方面所做的努力。
Cinneamhain Ventures 的合夥人 Adam Cochran 也表達了類似的擔憂：
我很喜歡 zkSync 的團隊，但從 Sybil 防範的角度來看，這次空投計劃確實太好。
這些標準對真實用戶來說很容易錯過，而對「農場」用戶來說卻很容易達成，而且沒有任何反 Sybil 措施。
在鏈上項目如此新且項目數量有限的情況下，真實用戶可能只會使用 1-2 個 dapp 或持有少量代幣。
如果項目不想要那些快速拋售的“投機者”，就需要在這方面多花些心思。 🎜🎜🎜🎜🎜
zkSync’s Network Activity
In the month after zkSync was airdropped to users on June 17, 2024 (as of July 17, 2024), the number of active addresses on the network decreased by approximately 78.7%. This suggests that most users were just there to get the airdrop and then abandoned the project.
Source: Dune
The daily depositor count also shows a similar trend - on July 17, 2024, there were only 32 depositors, while in 2023 The peak on March 25 was 41,257.
Source: Nansen
After the airdrop, over 40% of zkSync primary recipients sold their entire allocated tokens and 41.4% sold part of their allocation. Currently, only 17.9% of these major recipients still hold their tokens. According to @CryptusChrist, 746 known Sybil attackers received approximately $6.9 million in ZK tokens in the airdrop.
Source: Nansen
ZK Price Action
Unfortunately, ZK’s sell-off – most likely orchestrated by Sybil attackers – added to the selling pressure in the market , causing the token price to drop approximately 39.29% between the user airdrop date (June 17, 2024) and July 23, 2024.
Source: CoinGecko
So, what’s wrong with zkSync? First, the team’s air-voting eligibility criteria are relatively easy to exploit by Sybil attackers, and there is a lack of effective Sybil prevention measures. Additionally, zkSync excludes certain legitimate users, such as projects that build on zkSync ERA and directly contribute to its ecosystem.
Now their team needs to redouble their efforts to re-engage the significant price speculation driven by the Sybil attackers’ fake activity.
LayerZero
LayerZero is an interoperability protocol designed to facilitate seamless communication and asset transfer between different blockchains. Unlike the above two examples, LayerZero implements strong witch prevention measures.
According to Bryan Pellegrino, CEO of LayerZero Labs, the team ultimately identified 1.1 million to 1.3 million unique witch wallets during the sybil self-reporting and analysis phase, and their team continues to engage and reward the community for reporting sybil attacks By.
LayerZero’s Network Activity
The number of messages on LayerZero dropped by 91.5% between April 30, 2024 (the day before the snapshot date) and July 7, 2024.
Source: LayerZero Scan
Similarly, the number of daily transactions also dropped by more than 92% between the snapshot date and the airdrop date.
Source: Dune
Part of this decline is because users typically cease activity after the snapshot date as they no longer need to trade in order to gain access to short bets. However, the aforementioned team's approach to Sybil prevention may also have impacted this drop, allowing them to airdrop with fewer Sybil attackers.
ZRO Price Trend
From June 20, 2024 (airdrop date) to July 18, 2024, the price of LayerZero’s native token ZRO dropped from $4.79 to $4, a drop of approximately 16%. This drop is significantly lower than ZK's 39% decline over a similar time period. Notably, ZRO’s price eventually exceeded its initial listing price, despite a decline in LayerZero’s network activity.
Source: CoinGecko
While it’s difficult to pinpoint all the factors that contribute to LayerZero’s relative price stability, its witch-proof technology may have played a role.
Why should builders care about witch prevention?
In the short term, Sybil attacks may appear to be beneficial to projects, as they can artificially boost data and generate instant profits.
However, as the above example shows, the introduction of a Sybil attack can lead to token selling and a drop in network activity – both of which can erode the long-term sustainability of a project.
When Sybil attackers are removed, legitimate participants have more opportunities to participate and contribute, as the removal of fraudulent entities frees up valuable slots.
Most teams launching via airdrops will need to redouble their efforts to re-engage significant price speculation and network activity driven by fake activity. No one wants to see a fake community.
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