Calculators are an essential tool used in various fields, from simple arithmetic calculations to complex scientific computations. Building a calculator from scratch using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript not only enhances your coding skills but also deepens your understanding of how these technologies work together. This guide will walk you through creating a basic calculator that can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
HTML Structure:
The HTML includes a div with the class calculator containing the calculator’s display and buttons.
Each button has data attributes (data-num for numbers and data-op for operations) for easy JavaScript selection.
CSS Styling:
The CSS styles center the calculator on the screen, style the display and buttons, and provide hover effects.
Specific styles are added for the equals button to differentiate it from the others.
JavaScript Functionality:
JavaScript handles the button clicks, updates the display, and performs calculations.
The handleNumber function processes number inputs and decimal points.
The handleOperator function processes operations, including clear, equals, and arithmetic operations.
The calculate function performs the arithmetic based on the selected operator.
The updateDisplay function updates the display with the current input.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>iPhone Style Calculator with History and Root Button</title>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjs/10.6.4/math.js"
integrity="sha512-BbVEDjbqdN3Eow8+empLMrJlxXRj5nEitiCAK5A1pUr66+jLVejo3PmjIaucRnjlB0P9R3rBUs3g5jXc8ti+fQ=="
crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjs/10.6.4/math.min.js"
integrity="sha512-iphNRh6dPbeuPGIrQbCdbBF/qcqadKWLa35YPVfMZMHBSI6PLJh1om2xCTWhpVpmUyb4IvVS9iYnnYMkleVXLA=="
crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
<style>
body {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100vh;
background-color: #fff;
margin: 0;
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
}
.calculator {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
gap: 10px;
padding: 20px;
border-radius: 20px;
background-color: #333;
box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
width: 320px;
}
.calculator input[type="text"] {
grid-column: span 4;
padding: 20px;
font-size: 32px;
border: none;
border-radius: 10px;
text-align: right;
background-color: #000;
color: #fff;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.calculator input[type="button"] {
padding: 20px;
font-size: 24px;
border: none;
border-radius: 10px;
cursor: pointer;
color: white;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.calculator input[type="button"].operator {
background-color: #ff9500;
}
.calculator input[type="button"].operator:hover {
background-color: #cc7a00;
}
.calculator input[type="button"].number {
background-color: #505050;
}
.calculator input[type="button"].number:hover {
background-color: #6b6b6b;
}
.calculator input[type="button"].zero {
grid-column: span 2;
}
.calculator input[type="button"].clear {
background-color: #d4d4d2;
color: black;
}
.calculator input[type="button"].clear:hover {
background-color: #bbb; transition: 0.5s;
}
.calculator input[type="button"].root {
background-color: #f7c600;
}
.calculator input[type="button"].root:hover {
background-color: #e6b800; transition: 0.5s;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="calculator">
<input type="text" id="display" readonly>
<input type="button" value="A/C" class="clear" onclick="clr()" />
<input type="button" value="%" class="operator" onclick="dis('%')" />
<input type="button" value="/" class="operator" onclick="dis('/')" />
<input type="button" value="*" class="operator" onclick="dis('*')" />
<input type="button" value="7" class="number" onclick="dis('7')" />
<input type="button" value="8" class="number" onclick="dis('8')" />
<input type="button" value="9" class="number" onclick="dis('9')" />
<input type="button" value="-" class="operator" onclick="dis('-')" />
<input type="button" value="4" class="number" onclick="dis('4')" />
<input type="button" value="5" class="number" onclick="dis('5')" />
<input type="button" value="6" class="number" onclick="dis('6')" />
<input type="button" value="+" class="operator" onclick="dis('+')" />
<input type="button" value="1" class="number" onclick="dis('1')" />
<input type="button" value="2" class="number" onclick="dis('2')" />
<input type="button" value="3" class="number" onclick="dis('3')" />
<input type="button" value="=" class="operator" onclick="solve()
" />
<input type="button" value="0" class="number zero" onclick="dis('0')" />
<input type="button" value="." class="number" onclick="dis('.')" />
<input type="button" value="√" class="root" onclick="dis('sqrt(')" />
</div>
<script>
function dis(val) {
document.getElementById("display").value += val;
}
document.addEventListener('keydown', function (event) {
const key = event.key;
if ((key >= '0' && key <= '9') || ['+', '-', '*', '/', '%'].includes(key)) {
dis(key);
} else if (key === 'Enter') {
solve();
} else if (key === 'Escape') {
clr();
}
});
function solve() {
try {
let expression = document.getElementById("display").value;
// Handle square root calculation
expression = expression.replace(/sqrt\(([^)]+)\)/g, 'sqrt($1)');
// Evaluate the expression
let result = math.evaluate(expression);
document.getElementById("display").value = result;
} catch (err) {
document.getElementById("display").value = "Error";
}
}
function clr() {
document.getElementById("display").value = "";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
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