php中的sprintf是一個函數，用於將格式化字串寫入變數並傳回格式化字串。在PHP中，版本4以上版本支援這個sprintf函數。 sprintf() 函數與 printf() 函數類似，但它們之間的主要且唯一的差異是 sprintf() 將輸出儲存到字串中，而不是像 printf() 函數那樣在瀏覽器上顯示格式化輸出。 sprintf() 函數可以與 echo 一起使用，即 sprintf() 傳回的格式化字串使用 echo 列印在瀏覽器上。讓我們更深入地研究這個主題，看看它的語法、可訪問的格式，並解決一些程式。
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這是 PHP 中 sprintf() 函數的語法。
sprintf(format, arg1, arg2, arg3, …….)
這裡的arg1、arg2、arg3等是sprintf()的參數。 arg1 是必須插入到第一個參數的參數。 arg2, arg3, ……… 是要插入的選用參數。
Format：必填參數，指定如何格式化其中變數的字串。
以下是可能的格式：
參數
|
Parameter |
Description |
| %b | Argument present as a binary number |
| %% | Returns % sign |
| %d | Parameter treated as a positive integer, represented as a decimal number |
| %c | Parameter treated as an integer, represented as a character with ASCII |
| %e | Precision specifier that specifies the number of digits after the decimal point. Scientific notation with lowercase |
| %u | Parameter treated as an integer, represented as unsigned integer |
| %f | Floating-point number(locale) |
| %g | General format |
| %o | Represented as Octal number |
| %x | Represented as Hexadecimal number with lowercase letters |
| %s | Argument presented and treated as a string |
| %E | Similar to %e specifier but with Uppercase. |
| %F | Floating-point number(Non-locale) |
| %G | Similar to %g specifier but uses %E and %F |
| %X | Represented with Hexadecimal number but with uppercase |
說明
There are some additional format values, which are placed between % and letter.
Let us see How sprintf() function in PHP works with few examples,
Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$num1 = 321234;
$num2 = 860;
$text = sprintf("%f,%f",$num1, $num2);
echo $text;
?>
</body>
</html>Output:
Here, we have taken two float values and using sprintf() function, scanned the variables, and using echo, have printed the floating values on the console.
Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$num1 = 4563;
$text = sprintf("With 3 decimals: %1\$.3f
<br>With no decimals: %1\$u <br>With single decimal: %1\$.1f",$num1);
echo $text;
?>
</body>
</html>Output:
So here for floating values, we have specified as to no decimals, or single decimal, or 3 decimal values.
Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$string1 = 'PHPv4';
echo sprintf("[%s]",$string1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("[%08s]",$string1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("[%-8s]",$string1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("[%8s]",$string1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("[%8.8s]",$string1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("[%'*8s]",$string1)."<br>";
?>
</body>
</html>Output:
So based on the output, [%s] will return the string as it is
[%08s] will return string with zero padding [%-8s] will return string with left justification [%8s] will return string with the right justification [%8.8s] will return string with left justification, cuts of characters after a specific value [%’*8s] will return string with additional *Code:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <?php $num = 7; $fruits = 'Mangoes'; $arg1 = 'The %2$s are %1$d in number'; echo sprintf($arg1, $num, $fruits); ?> </body> </html>
Output:
So here, format string supports argument swapping/ numbering.
Imagine if the placeholders in format string do not match the order of the arguments as shown above. And hence, we have indicated the arg1 which arguments refer to which placeholders.
Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$arg1 = 456;
$arg2 = -456;
$str = 57;
echo sprintf("%%b = %b",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%d = %d",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%d = %d",$arg2)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%c = %c",$str)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%e = %e",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%u = %u",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%u = %u",$arg2)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%f = %f",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%f = %f",$arg2)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%g = %g",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%g = %g",$arg2)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%o = %o",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%o = %o",$arg2)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%x = %x",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%x = %x",$arg2)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%s = %s",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%s = %s",$arg2)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%E = %E",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%F = %F",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%G = %G",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%X = %X",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%+d = %+d",$arg1)."<br>";
echo sprintf("%%+d = %+d",$arg2)."<br>";
?>
</body>
</html>Output:
So here we have shown all the format specifiers.
With this, we shall conclude the topic ‘sprintf in php’. We have seen the syntax of sprintf() function in PHP. We have seen what each format specifier means and have Illustrated few examples on how to use sprintf in PHP. The above examples will give a clear understanding of all the format specifiers.
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