佇列資料結構採用先進先出(FIFO)原則。它用於按照到達順序保存要處理的物件;這與排隊的人非常相似。由於Java以Collection介面的形式提供了對資料結構的大量支持,因此佇列是Collection介面中可用的介面。它擴充了 Collection 介面。它在 Java.util 套件中提供,並支援 Collection 介面中可用的所有操作,以及一些額外的提取、插入和檢查操作。
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文法:
Interface Queue<E>
佇列是一個接口,而不是一個類,因此不能直接實例化。該聲明表明隊列接受類似於集合的通用值,並且我們可以將任何物件傳遞給它。 Java有多種Queue介面的實現,我們在使用Queue時可以使用它們。它們是 LinkedList 和 PriorityQueue。
隊列可以聲明如下:
Queue< Object > q = new LinkedList<>();
Queue< Object > q = new PriorityQueue<>();
Java 中的佇列成員類型
以下是所有在佇列中可用的方法:
Returns special value | Throws exception | |
Insert | offer(e) | add(e) |
Remove | poll() | remove() |
Examine | peek() | element() |
So as explained, two types of methods throw an exception and return a special value. There are three types of operation in this kind of operation: insertion, the second is removal, and the third is retrieval or examination. In the case of the remove operation, an object will be removed from the queue. Still, in the case of examination, the object will be returned without actually removing from the queue.
Given below are the different examples of Queue in Java:
Code:
import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; public class QueueOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<Integer> (); q.add(5); q.add(2); q.add(1); q.add(4); q.add(3); System.out.println(q); } }
Output:
Note here that the order of insertion is the same with output from left to write.
Code:
import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; public class QueueOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<Integer> (); q.add(5); q.add(2); q.add(1); q.add(4); q.add(3); System.out.println(q); while (!q.isEmpty()) { System.out.print(q.remove() + " "); } System.out.println(""); System.out.println(q); } }
Output:
Here, we have used the function isEmpty() to check when the queue becomes empty after removing elements. The removal order is the same as per the insertion. After removing all the elements, we printed the queue and obtained an empty bracket at the end.
Code:
import java.util.PriorityQueue; import java.util.Queue; public class QueueOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { Queue<Integer> q = new PriorityQueue<Integer> (); q.add(5); q.add(2); q.add(1); q.add(4); q.add(3); System.out.println(q); while (!q.isEmpty()) { System.out.print(q.remove() + " "); } System.out.println(""); System.out.println(q); } }
Output:
Here, we have used PriorityQueue, which will hold and return the elements depending upon the elements’ natural ordering or upon the comparator, if any passed. Note the insertion order and removal orders are not the same. The removal is based totally on the value of elements.
Code:
import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; public class QueueOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<Integer> (); q.add(5); q.add(2); q.add(1); q.add(4); q.add(3); System.out.println(q); System.out.println( q.peek() ); System.out.println(q); } }
Output:
Note here that we have used the peek() function, which will return the head of the queue without actually removing it. We printed the queue after performing the peek operation, and you can observe that the head element, which is 5, remains unchanged in the queue.
Code:
import java.util.PriorityQueue; import java.util.Queue; public class QueueOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { Queue<Integer> q = new PriorityQueue<Integer> (); q.add(5); q.add(2); q.add(1); q.add(4); q.add(3); System.out.println(q); System.out.println( q.peek() ); System.out.println(q); } }
Output:
This is similar to the previous example’s LinkedList operation, but note the head element is 1 because it’s a PriorityQueue.
Java utilizes the Queue interface as a means to maintain elements in insertion order. It supports operations like insertion, retrieval, and removal. There are alternative methods available for all the methods. We have seen examples of the most commonly used methods in queue operation.
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