第 2 週：建構互動遊戲
第三課：遊戲物理與運動
3.1 理解遊戲物理
遊戲物理涉及模擬現實世界的物理，使遊戲更加真實和引人入勝。速度、加速度和重力等基本物理原理可以使遊戲中的動作和互動感覺自然。
3.1.1 速度與加速度
範例：基本速度運動
import pygame
# Initialize Pygame
pygame.init()
# Screen setup
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption("Basic Movement with Velocity")
# Colors
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
# Player setup
player = pygame.Rect(375, 275, 50, 50)
velocity = pygame.Vector2(0, 0)
# Main game loop
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# Keyboard input for movement
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
velocity.x = -5
elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
velocity.x = 5
else:
velocity.x = 0
if keys[pygame.K_UP]:
velocity.y = -5
elif keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
velocity.y = 5
else:
velocity.y = 0
# Update player position
player.move_ip(velocity)
# Clear screen
screen.fill(white)
# Draw player
pygame.draw.rect(screen, black, player)
# Update display
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
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3.1.2 重力模擬
重力透過向下拉物體來模擬地球上的重力效果，從而為遊戲增添真實感。
例如：為下墜物體增加重力
import pygame
# Initialize Pygame
pygame.init()
# Screen setup
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption("Gravity Simulation")
# Colors
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
# Object setup
object = pygame.Rect(375, 50, 50, 50)
gravity = 0.5
velocity_y = 0
# Main game loop
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# Apply gravity
velocity_y += gravity
object.y += velocity_y
# Reset object position if it falls off-screen
if object.y > 600:
object.y = 50
velocity_y = 0
# Clear screen
screen.fill(white)
# Draw object
pygame.draw.rect(screen, black, object)
# Update display
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
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3.2 彈跳與反射物
要創建動態遊戲，通常需要模擬彈跳物體，例如從牆壁反彈的球。
範例：彈跳球模擬
import pygame
# Initialize Pygame
pygame.init()
# Screen setup
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption("Bouncing Ball")
# Colors
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
# Ball setup
ball = pygame.Rect(375, 275, 50, 50)
velocity = pygame.Vector2(4, 4)
# Main game loop
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# Move ball
ball.move_ip(velocity)
# Bounce off walls
if ball.left <= 0 or ball.right >= 800:
velocity.x = -velocity.x
if ball.top <= 0 or ball.bottom >= 600:
velocity.y = -velocity.y
# Clear screen
screen.fill(white)
# Draw ball
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, black, ball)
# Update display
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
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3.3 迷你項目：彈跳球遊戲
目標： 創造一個遊戲，讓球在螢幕上彈跳，撞到牆壁時改變方向。
3.3.1 程式碼範例
import pygame
# Initialize Pygame
pygame.init()
# Screen setup
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption("Bouncing Ball Game")
# Colors
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
# Ball setup
ball = pygame.Rect(375, 275, 50, 50)
velocity = pygame.Vector2(3, 3)
# Main game loop
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# Move ball
ball.move_ip(velocity)
# Bounce off walls
if ball.left <= 0 or ball.right >= 800:
velocity.x = -velocity.x
if ball.top <= 0 or ball.bottom >= 600:
velocity.y = -velocity.y
# Clear screen
screen.fill(white)
# Draw ball
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, black, ball)
# Update display
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
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3.4 練習
-
添加障礙：
-
更改球顏色：
第 4 課：使用聲音與音樂
4.1 加入音效和音樂
音效和音樂對於創造身臨其境的遊戲體驗至關重要。 Pygame 讓您輕鬆為遊戲添加聲音。
4.1.1 載入與播放聲音
- 要在 Pygame 中使用聲音，您必須先載入聲音文件，然後播放它。
範例：加入聲音效果
import pygame
# Initialize Pygame and Mixer
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
# Load sound effect
bounce_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("bounce.wav")
# Screen setup
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption("Sound Effects")
# Colors
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
# Ball setup
ball = pygame.Rect(375, 275, 50, 50)
velocity = pygame.Vector2(3, 3)
# Main game loop
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# Move ball
ball.move_ip(velocity)
# Bounce off walls and play sound
if ball.left <= 0 or ball.right >= 800:
velocity.x = -velocity.x
bounce_sound.play() # Play sound on bounce
if ball.top <= 0 or ball.bottom >= 600:
velocity.y = -velocity.y
bounce_sound.play()
# Clear screen
screen.fill(white)
# Draw ball
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, black, ball)
# Update display
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
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4.1.2 背景音樂
範例：新增背景音樂
import pygame
# Initialize Pygame and Mixer
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
# Load and play background music
pygame.mixer.music.load("background_music.mp3")
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1) # Loop indefinitely
# Screen setup
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption("Background Music")
# Colors
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
# Main game loop
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# Clear screen
screen.fill(white)
# Update display
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
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4.2 根據事件觸發聲音
音效可以根據特定的遊戲事件觸發，例如碰撞或玩家動作。
範例：聲音記憶遊戲
python
import pygame
import random
# Initialize Pygame and Mixer
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
# Load sounds
sounds = [pygame.mixer.Sound(f"sound{i}.wav") for i in range(4)]
# Screen setup
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption("Sound Memory Game")
# Colors
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
# Generate random sequence of sounds
sequence = [random.choice(sounds) for _ in range(5)]
current_step = 0
# Main game loop
running = True
while running:
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以上是週建構互動遊戲的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
