HTML 事件屬性-html教學-PHP中文網

在本文中，我們將詳細討論 HTML 事件屬性。事件是由於使用者操作而執行的操作。例如，當使用者按下鍵盤讀取資料時，就稱為鍵盤事件。當使用者查看網站並點擊按鈕或按下刷新按鈕加載頁面（其中瀏覽器對頁面進行操作）時，就會完成這些活動；所有這些動作都稱為一個事件。在這裡，我們將基本了解事件以及它如何在瀏覽器中處理使用者操作。整個瀏覽器視窗中會發生不同類型的事件，以下部分將對此進行說明。

前 5 個 HTML 事件屬性

HTML 事件屬性

HTML 中提供了不同的事件變體。所有這些事件都有一個名為事件處理程序的小程式碼區塊，該程式碼區塊在執行事件操作時觸發。它們附加到 HTML 元素。事件處理程序或事件偵聽器在 HTML 事件屬性中扮演重要角色。讓我們看看全域聲明並應用於 HTML 元素的不同類型的事件屬性以及它們的詳細工作。主要使用四個主要事件屬性。他們是：

視窗事件
表單事件
老鼠事件
鍵盤事件
拖放事件

我們將透過範例一一描述所有這些屬性。首先，我們一起去。

1.視窗事件

onafterprintEvent: 所有 Html 標籤都支援此屬性，並且在頁面開始列印並且具有單值腳本時起作用。這是 HTML 程式碼的範例。此範例顯示了按下按鈕時的情況；它會列印一條在對話方塊訊息中列印的訊息。

代碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>
Windows onafterprint Event
</title>
</head>
<body onafterprint="myfun()">
<h1>Windows onafterprint Event </h1>
<p>This attribute works in IE and Mozilla</p>
<body style = "text-align:center">
<script>
function myfun() {
alert("Document is being printed");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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輸出：

HTML 事件屬性

onbeforeprint：它在列印之前起作用。該事件在列印過程後被觸發。以下是範例程式碼。

代碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
color: #9370DB;
background-color: #BC8F8F;
text-align: center;
padding: 20px;
}
p {
font-size: 2rem;
}
</style>
</head>
<body onbeforeprint="get()">
<h1> Attribute Demo</h1>
<p style="color:#0000FF;">trigger to print.</p>
<div class="show"></div>
<script>
function get() {
document.body.style.background = "#00BFFF";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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HTML 事件屬性

onerror: 當沒有元素存在時拋出錯誤時會觸發此函數。

代碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<img src="p.jpg" onerror="myFun()">
<p>hello world.</p>
<script>
function myFun() {
alert("problem with image loading.");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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HTML 事件屬性

onload：此函數有助於載入對象，並且可以很好地查看網頁是否正確載入。

代碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>onload event demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="pic.jpg" onload="ldImg()" width="50" height="92">
<script>
function ldImg() {
alert("image loaded without error");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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HTML 事件屬性

onresize：當瀏覽器視窗大小調整時觸發該事件，任何元素在resize屬性下都可以觸發。

代碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>onresize event</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
function cmg() {
alert('welcome to educba');
}
window.onresize = cmg;
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button"  value="Click the button"
onclick="alert(window.onresize);">
</body>
</html>

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HTML 事件屬性

onunload：當網頁視窗關閉或使用者離開網頁時觸發此事件。下面的程式碼會在用戶離開時卸載頁面並引發感謝搜尋的警報。此事件有時適用於所有瀏覽器。

代碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body onunload="onfunc()"><h1>Welcometo educba tutorial</h1>
<p>Leave the page .</p>
<script>
function onfunc() {
alert("Thank you for searching!");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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輸出：

HTML 事件屬性

2.表單事件

它與表單控制項一起使用。以下是使用者與瀏覽器互動時發生的屬性。

onblur：當使用者的注意力離開表單視窗時發生此事件。以下範例採用小寫形式輸入，按一下提交按鈕時，會將輸出轉換為大寫形式。

代碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> Form onblur </title>
<style>
body {
text-align:center;
}
h1 {
color:pink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>EDUCBA</h1>
<input type="text" name="fname" id="aaa"
onblur="myfunc()">
<button type="button">Submit</button>
<script>
function myfunc() {
var a = document.getElementById("aaa");
a.value = a.value.toUpperCase();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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HTML 事件屬性

onchange: 當使用者變更表單中的現有元素時，會發生此事件。當元素失去焦點時就會發生這種情況。

代碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>HTML onchange</title>
</head>
<body>
<form name="example" action="">  <input type="text" name="rahul" onchange="alert('input is changed')"><br>
<label>select the dress color</label>
<select onchange="alert('You have changed the selection!');">
<option>pink</option>
<option>Yellow</option>
<option>White</option>
</select>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Select any option </p>
<label>Describe yourself in short : </label>   <br/><textarea cols="15" rows="7" name="details" onchange="alert('description has changed')">   </textarea><br>
<button type="button" name="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>

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HTML 事件屬性

onfocus: 當使用者專注於網頁上的元素或輸入獲得焦點時，會啟用此屬性。下面的範例突出顯示了我們在欄位中輸入的內容。

代碼：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>This event gets triggered whwn an element is been focussed.</p>
Name: <input type="text" id="name" onfocus="onfoc(this.id)"><br>
Location: <input type="text" id="loc" onfocus="onfoc(this.id)">
<script>
function onfoc(a) {
document.getElementById(a).style.background = "pink";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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輸出：

HTML 事件屬性

oninput: This event triggers when the input is entered in the input field. It has been activated when the value in the text field is changed. It reflects once the value of the element is changed.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> HTML oninput </title>
</head>
<style>
body {
text-align:center;
}
h1 {
color:red;
}
</style>
<body>
<h1> Event Attribute </h1>
Enter the text:
<input type="text" id="EDUCBA"  oninput="myon()">
<p id= "sid"></p>
<script>
function myon()
{
var x = document.getElementById("EDUCBA").value;
document.getElementById("sid").innerHTML = "Enter the text : " +x;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

oninvalid: This attribute calls the events when the text entered in the input type is invalid or remains empty. This event attribute must fill the input element.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> example oninvalid Event </title>
<style>
p {
color:orange;
}
body {
text-align:center;
}
</style>     </head>
<body>
<p> HTML is used to create a web page</p>
<form  method="get">
Enter the name:
<input type="text" oninvalid="alert('Fill the text form!');" required>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>  </body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

onreset: It is fired when a form is a rest. The following example says when you submit the button, a form is processed, and again when you click to reset, the form is being reset.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<style>
body {font-family:calibri;}
label {font-variant:small-caps;}
ol {background-color:#610000; margin-top:35px;}
li {margin-top:3px; padding:3px; background-color:rose; font-size:15px;}
div {position:absolute;top:250px;left:70px; font-size:1.5em;
}
</style>
<body>
<ol>
<li>Form with input to reset and submit</li>
</ol>
<form action="" method="get" onreset="onRes()" onsubmit="onSub()">
<label>Enter input:<br /><input type="text" id="iv" oninvalid="onInva()" oninput="onInp()"></label><br /><br />
<input type="submit" value="press"> <input type="reset">
</form>
<div id="a_box"></div>
<script>
function onInva() {
alert("Input field cannot be empty!");
}
function onInp() {
var input_value = document.getElementById("iv").value;
document.getElementById("a_box").innerHTML = "Input value: <br />" + iv;
}
function onRes() {
alert("form is reset!");
}
function onSubmitEvent() {
alert("Form is loading");
location.reload();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

onsearch: It works when a user presses an enter button.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>Write in the field.</p&gt
<input type="search" id="value1" onsearch="myF()">
<p id="sample"></p>
<script>
function myF() {
var k = document.getElementById("value1");
document.getElementById("sample").innerHTML = "search element is: " + k.value;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

onselect: It is triggered when a text has been selected in an input box. It throws a dialog box printing an alert message.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>onselect demo</title>
<style>
h1 {
color:magenta;
}
body {
text-align:center;
}
</style>
<script>
function eduhtml() {
alert("text highlighted!");
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>EDUCBA Online tutorial</h1>
Text Box: <input type="text" value="onselectattribute: A well defined portal" onselect="eduhtml()">
</body>
</html>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

onsubmit: The purpose of this event is to execute the action performed while pressing the submit button.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<head>
<title> Onsubmit Example</title>
</head>
<form action="demo_form.asp" onsubmit="myF()">
Enter name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<label>Email :</label>
<input id="email" name="email" type="text">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
<script>
function myF() {
alert("The form was submitted");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

3. Key Board Attributes

OnKeyDown: It is triggered when a user presses a down Arrow key.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>Example for Onkeydown.</p>
<input type="text" onkeydown="mykedwn()">
<script>
function mykedwn() {
alert("key press is activated");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

OnKeyPress: This event gets triggered when the user presses any key on the keyboard. Note: some browser doesn’t support pressing any key.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p> This example shows when a user type in the text area it triggers an event </p>
<form>
<textarea onkeypress="alert('triggering onkeypress event.')" placeholder="Place the cursor inside the textarea and press a key."  " cols="30" rows="4" style="background-color:pink;">> </textarea> </form>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

OnKeyUp: This attribute gets triggered when a user releases a cursor from the text field. Below comes the demonstration.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p> This example transforms the character to lower case.</p>
Fill the name: <input type="text" id="jjj" onkeyup="mykey()">
<script>
function mykey() {
var g = document.getElementById("jjj");
g.value = g.value.toLowerCase();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

4. Mouse Event Attributes

This action triggers a mouse event when a mouse is pressed either from a computer or any external devices like a smartphone or tablet. Some of the mouse events are given below:

onclick: It is triggered when a user presses the button over the mouse. An input example is given below to show the event while clicking the mouse.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>HTML onclick Event</h1>
<p> Event plays a vital role in HTML.</p>
<button onclick="oncf()">Click </button>
<p id="sample"></p>
<script>
function oncf() {
document.getElementById("sample").innerHTML = "Hello World";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

onmousemove: It is fired when a mouse is moved over an image in any direction.

Code:

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head><title> Event onmousemove demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This event is activated when the pointer drags its direction.</p>
<body style="width:200px;height:80px;border:2px solid;" onmousemove="javascript:alert('mouse action');">Sample text</body>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

Onmouseup: This event gives a notification when a user releases a button on an output.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
color:  "#ff0000";
height: 120vh;
background-color: #610000;
text-align: center;
}
.polygon {
float: right;
shape-inside: polygon(0 0, 0 200px, 100px 200px);
clip-path: polygon(0 0, 0 250px, 100px 300px);
height: 200px;
width: 200px;
background: linear-gradient(to bottom left, #7CFC00, #8B008B);
}
p {
margin: 30px auto;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HTML onmouseup Demo</h1>
<div class="polygon" onmouseup="mupfn()"></div>
<p> click below object</p>
<script>
function mupFn() {
document.querySelector('.polygon').style.transform = 'scale(2.2)';
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

Onmouseover: Execute a JavaScript when moving the mouse pointer over an image

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<title>Example demonstrating Onmouseover.</title>
<h1 id="sample" onmouseover="A()" onmouseout="B()">Mouse over </h1>
<script>
function A() {
document.getElementById("sample").style.color = "yellow";}
function B() {
document.getElementById("sample").style.color = "green";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

5. Drag Event Attributes

This application helps in the HTML window when the user drags the input element. Below are the different event listeners used in HTML to store dragged data.

Ondrag: This is used when an element is being dragged from the web page.
Ondragstart: This fires when the user begins to drag from the input field. The below example demonstrates about dragging the two-target area.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<style type = "text/css">
#b1, #b2 {
float:left;padding:11px;margin:11px; -moz-user-select:none;
}
#b1 { background-color: #FF6699; width:65px; height:85px;  }
#b2 { background-color: #808000; width:180px; height:180px; }
</style>
<script type = "text/javascript">
function dStart(e) {
e.dataTransfer.effectAllowed = 'move';
e.dataTransfer.setData("Text", e.target.getAttribute('id'));
e.dataTransfer.setDragImage(e.target,0,0);
return true;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h2>Drag demo</h2>
<div> Drag the box.</div>
<div id = "b1" draggable = "true"
ondragstart = "return dStart(e)">
<p>Drag it</p>
</div>
<div id = "b2">welcome</div>
</center>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

ondrop: Execute this attribute when a draggable element is dropped in
element.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<style type = "text/css">
#b1, #b2 {
float:left;padding:11px;margin:11px; -moz-user-select:none;
}
#b1 { background-color: #FF6699; width:65px; height:85px;  }
#b2 { background-color: #808000; width:180px; height:180px; }
</style>
<script type = "text/javascript">
function dStart(e) {
e.dataTransfer.effectAllowed = 'move';
e.dataTransfer.setData("Text", e.target.getAttribute('id'));
e.dataTransfer.setDragImage(e.target,0,0);
return true;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h2>Drag  dropdemo</h2>
<div> drop the box.</div>
<div id = "b1" draggable = "true"
ondragstart = "return dStart(e)">
<p>Drag it</p>
</div>
<div class="droptarget"
ondrop="drop(event)"
ondragover="allowDrop(event)">
</div>
<div id = "b2">welcome</div>
<span> dropzone </span>
</center>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

HTML 事件屬性

Conclusion

This event attribute helps to make a web application very easier and attractive. The different occurrence of actions generates various events. Even though this approach is generally avoided, the programmer likes to learn the function assigned for the HTML attributes events. These event handlers are still executed to beautify the web pages.