Ardalis.Specification 是一個功能強大的函式庫,支援查詢資料庫的規範模式,主要為Entity Framework Core 設計,但在這裡我將示範如何擴充Ardalis.Specification 來使用NHibernate也是一種ORM。
這篇部落格文章假設您對 Ardalis.Specification 有一定的經驗,並且希望在使用 NHibernate 的專案中使用它。如果您還不熟悉 Ardalis.Specification,請參閱文件以了解更多資訊。
首先,NHibernate 中有三種不同的內建方法來執行查詢
我將介紹如何擴充 Ardalis.Specification 來處理所有 3 種方式,但由於 Linq to Query 也可以像 Entity Framework Core 一樣與 IQueryable 配合使用,因此我將首先介紹該選項。
在建立連線關係時,Entity Framework Core 和 NHIbernate 之間有細微差別。在 Entity Framework Core 中,我們在 IQueryable 上有擴充方法: Include 和 ThenInclude (這些也是 Ardalis.Specification 中使用的方法名稱)。
Fetch、FetchMany、ThenFetch 和 ThenFetchMany 是 IQueryable 上執行連線的 NHibernate 特定方法。 IEvaluator 為我們提供了使用 NHibernate 時呼叫正確擴充方法所需的可擴展性。
新增 IEvaluator 的實現,如下所示:
public class FetchEvaluator : IEvaluator { private static readonly MethodInfo FetchMethodInfo = typeof(EagerFetchingExtensionMethods) .GetTypeInfo().GetDeclaredMethods(nameof(EagerFetchingExtensionMethods.Fetch)) .Single(); private static readonly MethodInfo FetchManyMethodInfo = typeof(EagerFetchingExtensionMethods) .GetTypeInfo().GetDeclaredMethods(nameof(EagerFetchingExtensionMethods.FetchMany)) .Single(); private static readonly MethodInfo ThenFetchMethodInfo = typeof(EagerFetchingExtensionMethods) .GetTypeInfo().GetDeclaredMethods(nameof(EagerFetchingExtensionMethods.ThenFetch)) .Single(); private static readonly MethodInfo ThenFetchManyMethodInfo = typeof(EagerFetchingExtensionMethods) .GetTypeInfo().GetDeclaredMethods(nameof(EagerFetchingExtensionMethods.ThenFetchMany)) .Single(); public static FetchEvaluator Instance { get; } = new FetchEvaluator(); public IQueryable<T> GetQuery<T>(IQueryable<T> query, ISpecification<T> specification) where T : class { foreach (var includeInfo in specification.IncludeExpressions) { query = includeInfo.Type switch { IncludeTypeEnum.Include => BuildInclude<T>(query, includeInfo), IncludeTypeEnum.ThenInclude => BuildThenInclude<T>(query, includeInfo), _ => query }; } return query; } public bool IsCriteriaEvaluator { get; } = false; private IQueryable<T> BuildInclude<T>(IQueryable query, IncludeExpressionInfo includeInfo) { _ = includeInfo ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(includeInfo)); var methodInfo = (IsGenericEnumerable(includeInfo.PropertyType, out var propertyType) ? FetchManyMethodInfo : FetchMethodInfo); var method = methodInfo.MakeGenericMethod(includeInfo.EntityType, propertyType); var result = method.Invoke(null, new object[] { query, includeInfo.LambdaExpression }); _ = result ?? throw new TargetException(); return (IQueryable<T>)result; } private IQueryable<T> BuildThenInclude<T>(IQueryable query, IncludeExpressionInfo includeInfo) { _ = includeInfo ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(includeInfo)); _ = includeInfo.PreviousPropertyType ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(includeInfo.PreviousPropertyType)); var method = (IsGenericEnumerable(includeInfo.PreviousPropertyType, out var previousPropertyType) ? ThenFetchManyMethodInfo : ThenFetchMethodInfo); IsGenericEnumerable(includeInfo.PropertyType, out var propertyType); var result = method.MakeGenericMethod(includeInfo.EntityType, previousPropertyType, propertyType) .Invoke(null, new object[] { query, includeInfo.LambdaExpression }); _ = result ?? throw new TargetException(); return (IQueryable<T>)result; } private static bool IsGenericEnumerable(Type type, out Type propertyType) { if (type.IsGenericType && (type.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(IEnumerable<>))) { propertyType = type.GenericTypeArguments[0]; return true; } propertyType = type; return false; } }
接下來我們需要設定 ISpecificationEvaluator 以使用我們的 FetchEvaluator(和其他評估器)。我們新增一個實作 ISpecificationEvaluator ,如下所示,並在建構函式中配置評估器。 WhereEvaluator、OrderEvaluator 和 PaginationEvaluator 都在 Ardalis.Specification 中,並且在 NHibernate 中也能很好地工作。
public class LinqToQuerySpecificationEvaluator : ISpecificationEvaluator { private List<IEvaluator> Evaluators { get; } = new List<IEvaluator>(); public LinqToQuerySpecificationEvaluator() { Evaluators.AddRange(new IEvaluator[] { WhereEvaluator.Instance, OrderEvaluator.Instance, PaginationEvaluator.Instance, FetchEvaluator.Instance }); } public IQueryable<TResult> GetQuery<T, TResult>(IQueryable<T> query, ISpecification<T, TResult> specification) where T : class { if (specification is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(specification)); if (specification.Selector is null && specification.SelectorMany is null) throw new SelectorNotFoundException(); if (specification.Selector is not null && specification.SelectorMany is not null) throw new ConcurrentSelectorsException(); query = GetQuery(query, (ISpecification<T>)specification); return specification.Selector is not null ? query.Select(specification.Selector) : query.SelectMany(specification.SelectorMany!); } public IQueryable<T> GetQuery<T>(IQueryable<T> query, ISpecification<T> specification, bool evaluateCriteriaOnly = false) where T : class { if (specification is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(specification)); var evaluators = evaluateCriteriaOnly ? Evaluators.Where(x => x.IsCriteriaEvaluator) : Evaluators; foreach (var evaluator in evaluators) query = evaluator.GetQuery(query, specification); return query; } }
現在我們可以在我們的儲存庫中建立對 LinqToQuerySpecificationEvaluator 的引用,可能如下所示:
public class Repository : IRepository { private readonly ISession _session; private readonly ISpecificationEvaluator _specificationEvaluator; public Repository(ISession session) { _session = session; _specificationEvaluator = new LinqToQuerySpecificationEvaluator(); } ... other repository methods public IEnumerable<T> List<T>(ISpecification<T> specification) where T : class { return _specificationEvaluator.GetQuery(_session.Query<T>().AsQueryable(), specification).ToList(); } public IEnumerable<TResult> List<T, TResult>(ISpecification<T, TResult> specification) where T : class { return _specificationEvaluator.GetQuery(_session.Query<T>().AsQueryable(), specification).ToList(); } public void Dispose() { _session.Dispose(); } }
就是這樣。現在,我們可以在規格中使用 Linq to Query,就像我們通常使用 Ardalis 一樣。規範:
public class TrackByName : Specification<Core.Entitites.Track> { public TrackByName(string trackName) { Query.Where(x => x.Name == trackName); } }
現在我們已經介紹了基於 Linq 的查詢,讓我們繼續處理 Criteria API 和 Query Over,這需要不同的方法。
由於 Criteria API 和 Query Over 有自己的實作來產生 SQL,且不使用 IQueryable,因此它們與 IEvaluator 介面不相容。我的解決方案是在這種情況下避免對這些方法使用 IEvaluator 接口,而是專注於規範模式的好處。但我也希望能夠混搭
我的解決方案中包含 Linq to Query、Criteria 和 Query Over(如果您只需要其中一種實現,您可以根據您的最佳需求進行挑選)。
為了能夠做到這一點,我新增了四個繼承Specification或Specification的新類別
注意: 定義這些類別的組件需要對 NHibernate 的引用,因為我們為 Criteria 和 QueryOver 定義操作,這可以在 NHibernate
中找到
public class CriteriaSpecification<T> : Specification<T> { private Action<ICriteria>? _action; public Action<ICriteria> GetCriteria() => _action ?? throw new NotSupportedException("The criteria has not been specified. Please use UseCriteria() to define the criteria."); protected void UseCriteria(Action<ICriteria> action) => _action = action; } public class CriteriaSpecification<T, TResult> : Specification<T, TResult> { private Action<ICriteria>? _action; public Action<ICriteria> GetCriteria() => _action ?? throw new NotSupportedException("The criteria has not been specified. Please use UseCriteria() to define the criteria."); protected void UseCriteria(Action<ICriteria> action) => _action = action; } public class QueryOverSpecification<T> : Specification<T> { private Action<IQueryOver<T, T>>? _action; public Action<IQueryOver<T, T>> GetQueryOver() => _action ?? throw new NotSupportedException("The Query over has not been specified. Please use the UseQueryOver() to define the query over."); protected void UseQueryOver(Action<IQueryOver<T, T>> action) => _action = action; } public class QueryOverSpecification<T, TResult> : Specification<T, TResult> { private Func<IQueryOver<T, T>, IQueryOver<T, T>>? _action; public Func<IQueryOver<T, T>, IQueryOver<T, T>> GetQueryOver() => _action ?? throw new NotSupportedException("The Query over has not been specified. Please use the UseQueryOver() to define the query over."); protected void UseQueryOver(Func<IQueryOver<T, T>, IQueryOver<T, T>> action) => _action = action; }
然後我們可以在儲存庫中使用模式匹配來更改使用 NHibernate 進行查詢的方式
public IEnumerable<T> List<T>(ISpecification<T> specification) where T : class { return specification switch { CriteriaSpecification<T> criteriaSpecification => _session.CreateCriteria<T>() .Apply(query => criteriaSpecification.GetCriteria().Invoke(query)) .List<T>(), QueryOverSpecification<T> queryOverSpecification => _session.QueryOver<T>() .Apply(queryOver => queryOverSpecification.GetQueryOver().Invoke(queryOver)) .List<T>(), _ => _specificationEvaluator.GetQuery(_session.Query<T>().AsQueryable(), specification).ToList() }; } public IEnumerable<TResult> List<T, TResult>(ISpecification<T, TResult> specification) where T : class { return specification switch { CriteriaSpecification<T, TResult> criteriaSpecification => _session.CreateCriteria<T>() .Apply(query => criteriaSpecification.GetCriteria().Invoke(query)) .List<TResult>(), QueryOverSpecification<T, TResult> queryOverSpecification => _session.QueryOver<T>() .Apply(queryOver => queryOverSpecification.GetQueryOver().Invoke(queryOver)) .List<TResult>(), _ => _specificationEvaluator.GetQuery(_session.Query<T>().AsQueryable(), specification).ToList() }; }
上面的Apply()方法是一個擴充方法,它將查詢簡化為一行:
public static class QueryExtensions { public static T Apply<T>(this T obj, Action<T> action) { action(obj); return obj; } public static TResult Apply<T, TResult>(this T obj, Func<T, TResult> func) { return func(obj); } }
注意: 定義這些類別的組件需要對 NHibernate 的引用,因為我們定義 Criteria 的操作,可以在 NHibernate
中找到
public class TrackByNameCriteria : CriteriaSpecification<Track> { public TrackByNameCriteria(string trackName) { this.UseCriteria(criteria => criteria.Add(Restrictions.Eq(nameof(Track.Name), trackName))); } }
注意: 定義這些類別的組件需要對 NHibernate 的引用,因為我們定義 QueryOver 的操作,可以在 NHibernate
中找到
public class TrackByNameQueryOver : QueryOverSpecification<Track> { public TrackByNameQueryOver(string trackName) { this.UseQueryOver(queryOver => queryOver.Where(x => x.Name == trackName)); } }
透過擴充 NHibernate 的 Ardalis.Specification,我們解鎖了在單一儲存庫模式中使用 Linq to Query、Criteria API 和 Query Over 的能力。這種方法為 NHibernate 用戶提供了高度適應性和強大的解決方案
以上是使用 Linq、Criteria API 和 Query Over 擴充 NHibernate 的 Ardalis.Specification的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!