模板是行為設計模式之一，抽象類別定義了一組執行其方法的方式/模板。
它的子類別可以重寫/實作這些方法，但呼叫方式與抽象類別定義的方式相同
讓我們透過一個例子來理解這一點：
關鍵概念
模板：定義演算法的結構/方式/模板的抽象類別
具體實作：模板的具體實作
客戶端：將使用此範本的客戶端
public abstract class Game範本{
//these below methods can be overridden based on the type of game
public abstract void initialize();
public abstract void startPlay();
public abstract void endPlay();
//All the subclasses must use this same method to play the game i.e. following the same template present in this method,
//Hence it is declared as final.
public final void play(){
initialize();
startPlay();
endPlay();
}
}
public class Cricket extends Game範本{
@Override
public void initialize(){
System.out.println("Cricket has been initialized");
}
@Override
public void startPlay(){
System.out.println("Cricket game has been started");
}
@Override
public void endPlay(){
System.out.println("Cricket game has ended");
}
}
public class Football extends Game範本{
@Override
public void initialize(){
System.out.println("Football has been initialized");
}
@Override
public void startPlay(){
System.out.println("Football game has been started");
}
@Override
public void endPlay(){
System.out.println("Football game has ended");
}
}
public class Main{
public static void main(String args[]){
//Create a football game object
Game範本 football = new Football();
football.play();// play() will strictly follow the sequence of method execution defined in the final play() method
Game範本 cricket = new Cricket();
cricket.play();
}
}
輸出：
Football has been initialized Football game has been started Football game has ended Cricket has been initialized Cricket game has been started Cricket game has ended
注意：程式碼遵循LSP、ISP、SRP、OCP等所有設計原則
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