GIN、GORM、TESTIFY、MYSQL 的 GOLANG 整合測試

Creating a comprehensive integration test for a Golang application using libraries like Gin, Gorm, Testify, and MySQL (using an in-memory solution) involves setting up a testing environment, defining routes and handlers, and testing them against an actual database (though using MySQL in-memory might require a workaround like using SQLite in in-memory mode for simplicity).

Here’s an example of an integration test setup:

1. Dependencies:

• Gin: for creating the HTTP server.
• Gorm: for ORM to interact with the database.
• Testify: for assertions.
• SQLite in-memory: acts as a substitute for MySQL during testing.

2. Setup:

• Define a basic model and Gorm setup.
• Create HTTP routes and handlers.
• Write tests using Testify and SQLite as an in-memory database.

Here’s the full example:

// main.go
package main

import (
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "gorm.io/driver/mysql"
    "gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
    "gorm.io/gorm"
    "net/http"
)

// User represents a simple user model.
type User struct {
    ID    uint   `gorm:"primaryKey"`
    Name  string `json:"name"`
    Email string `json:"email" gorm:"unique"`
}

// SetupRouter initializes the Gin engine with routes.
func SetupRouter(db *gorm.DB) *gin.Engine {
    r := gin.Default()

    // Inject the database into the handler
    r.POST("/users", func(c *gin.Context) {
        var user User
        if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&user); err != nil {
            c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
            return
        }
        if err := db.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
            c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
            return
        }
        c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, user)
    })

    r.GET("/users/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
        var user User
        id := c.Param("id")
        if err := db.First(&user, id).Error; err != nil {
            c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "User not found"})
            return
        }
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, user)
    })

    return r
}

func main() {
    // For production, use MySQL
    dsn := "user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/dbname?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
    db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
    if err != nil {
        panic("failed to connect database")
    }

    db.AutoMigrate(&User{})

    r := SetupRouter(db)
    r.Run(":8080")
}

Integration Test

// main_test.go
package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "encoding/json"
    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "testing"

    "gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
    "gorm.io/gorm"
)

// SetupTestDB sets up an in-memory SQLite database for testing.
func SetupTestDB() *gorm.DB {
    db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(":memory:"), &gorm.Config{})
    if err != nil {
        panic("failed to connect to the test database")
    }
    db.AutoMigrate(&User{})
    return db
}

func TestCreateUser(t *testing.T) {
    db := SetupTestDB()
    r := SetupRouter(db)

    // Create a new user.
    user := User{Name: "John Doe", Email: "john@example.com"}
    jsonValue, _ := json.Marshal(user)
    req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "/users", bytes.NewBuffer(jsonValue))
    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    w := httptest.NewRecorder()
    r.ServeHTTP(w, req)

    assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)

    var createdUser User
    json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &createdUser)
    assert.Equal(t, "John Doe", createdUser.Name)
    assert.Equal(t, "john@example.com", createdUser.Email)
}

func TestGetUser(t *testing.T) {
    db := SetupTestDB()
    r := SetupRouter(db)

    // Insert a user into the in-memory database.
    user := User{Name: "Jane Doe", Email: "jane@example.com"}
    db.Create(&user)

    // Make a GET request.
    req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/users/1", nil)
    w := httptest.NewRecorder()
    r.ServeHTTP(w, req)

    assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)

    var fetchedUser User
    json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &fetchedUser)
    assert.Equal(t, "Jane Doe", fetchedUser.Name)
    assert.Equal(t, "jane@example.com", fetchedUser.Email)
}

func TestGetUserNotFound(t *testing.T) {
    db := SetupTestDB()
    r := SetupRouter(db)

    // Make a GET request for a non-existent user.
    req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/users/999", nil)
    w := httptest.NewRecorder()
    r.ServeHTTP(w, req)

    assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
}

Explanation

1. main.go:

   • Defines a User struct and sets up basic CRUD operations using Gin.
   • Uses Gorm for database interactions and auto-migrates the User table.
   • SetupRouter configures HTTP endpoints.

2. main_test.go:

   • SetupTestDB initializes an in-memory SQLite database for isolated testing.
   • TestCreateUser: Tests the creation of a user.
   • TestGetUser: Tests fetching an existing user.
   • TestGetUserNotFound: Tests fetching a non-existent user.
   • Uses httptest.NewRecorder and http.NewRequest for simulating HTTP requests and responses.
   • Uses Testify for assertions, like checking HTTP status codes and verifying JSON responses.

Running the Tests

To run the tests, use:

go test -v

Considerations

• SQLite for In-memory Testing: This example uses SQLite for in-memory testing as MySQL doesn't natively support an in-memory mode with Gorm. For tests that rely on MySQL-specific features, consider using a Docker-based setup with a MySQL container.
• Database Migrations: Always ensure the database schema is up-to-date using AutoMigrate in tests.
• Isolation: Each test function initializes a fresh in-memory database, ensuring tests don't interfere with each other.

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