C 流輸入/輸出 (IO) 操作通常使用 iostream 函式庫執行。雖然該程式庫為大多數 IO 任務提供了堅實的基礎,但在某些情況下您可能需要實作自訂輸入流來處理非標準格式的資料。
自訂輸入流是透過擴展std::streambuf 類別並重寫其虛擬方法來定義的,例如用於讀取的underflow() 以及用於寫入的Overflow() 和sync()。透過重寫這些函數,您可以控制流與底層資料來源或目標互動的方式。
讓我們考慮一個實現自訂輸入流的具體範例用於解碼使用垂直 XOR 編碼壓縮的影像。
<code class="cpp">class vxor_streambuf : public std::streambuf { public: // Constructor takes the original buffer and image width vxor_streambuf(std::streambuf *buffer, int width) : buffer(buffer), size(width / 2) { // Allocate memory for previous and current lines previous_line = new char[size]; memset(previous_line, 0, size); current_line = new char[size]; // Initialize streambuf member variables setg(0, 0, 0); setp(current_line, current_line + size); } // Destructor releases memory ~vxor_streambuf() { sync(); delete[] previous_line; delete[] current_line; } // Underflow() performs XOR decoding for reading std::streambuf::int_type underflow() { // Read line from original buffer streamsize read = buffer->sgetn(current_line, size); if (!read) return traits_type::eof(); // Perform vertical XOR decoding for (int i = 0; i < size; i += 1) { current_line[i] ^= previous_line[i]; previous_line[i] = current_line[i]; } // Update streambuf member variables setg(current_line, current_line, current_line + read); return traits_type::to_int_type(*gptr()); } // Overflow() performs XOR encoding for writing std::streambuf::int_type overflow(std::streambuf::int_type value) { int write = pptr() - pbase(); if (write) { // Perform vertical XOR encoding for (int i = 0; i < size; i += 1) { char tmp = current_line[i]; current_line[i] ^= previous_line[i]; previous_line[i] = tmp; } // Write line to original buffer streamsize written = buffer->sputn(current_line, write); if (written != write) return traits_type::eof(); } // Update streambuf member variables setp(current_line, current_line + size); if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(value, traits_type::eof())) sputc(value); return traits_type::not_eof(value); }; // Sync() flushes any pending data virtual int sync() { streambuf::int_type result = this->overflow(traits_type::eof()); buffer->pubsync(); return traits_type::eq_int_type(result, traits_type::eof()) ? -1 : 0; } private: streambuf *buffer; int size; char *previous_line; char *current_line; };</code>
<code class="cpp">ifstream infile("encoded_image.vxor"); vxor_istream in(infile, 288); // Create a new vxor_istream char data[144 * 128]; in.read(data, 144 * 128); // Read encoded data</code>
透過遵循這些指南並了解 Streambuf 操作的複雜性,您可以有效地實現自訂輸入流標準 IO 操作無法滿足的各種場景。
以上是如何使用 C 中的自訂輸入流解碼壓縮影像?的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!